Superfluid-superfluid phase transitions in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Depending on the Hamiltonian parameters, two-component bosons in an optical lattice can form at least three different superfluid phases in which both components participate in the superflow: a (strongly interacting) mixture of two miscible superfluids (2SF), a paired superfluid (PSF) vacuum, and (at a commensurate total filling factor) the super-counter-fluid (SCF) state. We study the universal properties of the 2SF-PSF and 2SF-SCF quantum phase transitions and show that (i) they can be mapped onto each other and (ii) their universality class is identical to the (d+1)-dimensional normal-superfluid transition in a single-component liquid. The finite-temperature 2SF-PSF(SCF) transitions and the topological properties of 2SF-PSF(SCF) interfaces are also discussed.     

Dark solitons in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

The creation and interaction of dark solitons in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated. For a miscible case, the interaction of dark solitons in different components is studied. Various possible scenarios are presented, including the formation of a soliton-soliton bound pair. We also analyze the soliton propagation in the presence of domains, and show that a dark soliton can be transferred from one component to the other at the domain wall when it exceeds a critical velocity. For lower velocities multiple reflections within the domain are observed, where the soliton is evaporated and accelerated after each reflection until it finally escapes from the domain.     

两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的自旋压缩

在周期性脉冲撞击的两分量玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚系统中研究了自旋压缩动力学性质,结果表明：原子自旋压缩动力学能够揭示相空间的混沌和规则结构,即当初始相干态处在混沌区域时,自旋压缩在很短时间后消失,而当初始相干态处在规则区域时,自旋压缩则存在很长时间.特别是随着时间的演化,系统的平均自旋方向的分布和摆动也与初态所处的空间结构有着密切的联系.最后,研究了相空间的整体自旋压缩动力学,得到了一种较好的量子-经典对应. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 混沌 自旋压缩 平均自旋方向     

Storage of spin squeezing in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

A simple scheme for storage of spin squeezing in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate is investigated by considering rapidly turning-off the external field at a time that maximal spin squeezing occurs. We show that strong reduction of spin fluctuation can be maintained in a nearly fixed direction. We explain the underlying physics using the phase model and present analytical expressions of the maximal-squeezing time and the corresponding squeezing parameter.     

两分量Bose-Einstein凝聚体的非线性Ramsey干涉

以非线性Rosen-Zener隧穿理论为基础,用两分量Bose-Einstein凝聚体设计了非线性Ramsey干涉计.通过数值模拟实验在时间域上观察到了丰富的Ramsey干涉图样,凝聚体中原子间重要的非线性相互作用导致这些干涉图样明显不同于线性Ramsey干涉时的正弦型条纹.通过进一步对干涉图样作Fourier分析,发现干涉图样的基频能够精确反映系统的非线性和不对称性特征,从而为测量原子的相关性质提供了理论依据. 关键词： Bose-Einstein凝聚 非线性Ramsey干涉 Rosen-Zener隧穿     

Laser controlling chaotic region of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Because of the experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation in weakly interacting atomic systems, many fundamental works for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have been carried out. One of the most interest- ing future prospects for the BECs is their application as a source of coherent matter waves[1-4] in atomic optics and atomic interferometry. Meanwhile, the analogies between coherent matter waves and coherent photons have been discussed as an "atom laser" [5-9]. Particularly, …     

Laser controlling chaotic region of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

For a weakly and periodically driven two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) the Melnikov chaotic solution and boundedness conditions are derived from a direct perturbation theory that leads to the chaotic regions in the parameter space.     

Generation of maximally entangled states in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

We study analytically the generation of maximally entangled states （MESs） formed by a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） trapped in an adiabatically driven single potential well. Under the condition of the linear interaction controlled by a driven field being much stronger than the effective nonlinear interaction between the components, MESs, as some particular cases of superpositions of spin coherent states （SSCS）, may emerge periodically along with not only time evolution but also the equidifferent change of the linear coupling strength at a particular time.     

光腔中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的受激辐射特性和量子相变

研究了单模光腔中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的基态性质和相关的量子相变.通过利用自旋相干态变换将等效赝自旋哈密顿算符对角化并求得基态能量泛函.基态能量泛函对其经典场变量进行变分并取极小值,得到光子数解和相边界曲线.通过稳定性讨论发现系统除了出现正常相和超辐射相之外,还得到了多稳的宏观量子态;受激辐射来自于原子数反转的集体态,单组分的Dicke系统中并没有此现象;受激辐射只能从一组分的原子中产生,而另外的仍保持在普通超辐射状态.通过调整相关的原子-场耦合强度和频率失谐,超辐射和受激辐射态的顺序可以在原子的两个组分之间互换.     

Quantum entanglement and classical bifurcations in a coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

We investigate the relation between quantum states and classical fixed-point bifurcations in a coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). It is shown that the classical bifurcations are closely related to a topological change of the corresponding quantum levels, and such a structure change can be manifested in the entanglement properties of the corresponding quantum states. That is, the entanglement of the quantum states displays some peaks near the classical bifurcation points.     

Creating maximally entangled atomic states in a Bose-Einstein condensate

We propose a protocol to create maximally entangled pairs, triplets, quartiles, and other clusters of Bose-condensed atoms starting from a condensate in the Mott insulator state. The essential element is to drive single atom Raman transitions using laser pulses. Our scheme is simple, efficient, and can be readily applied to the recent experimental system as reported by M. Greiner 413, 44 (2002)].     

Ultraslow optical waveguiding in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate

We investigate waveguiding of ultraslow light pulses in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that under the conditions of off-resonant electromagnetically induced transparency, waveguiding with a few ultraslow modes can be realized. The number of modes that can be supported by the condensate can be controlled by means of experimentally accessible parameters. Propagation constants and the mode conditions are determined analytically using a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin analysis. Mode profiles are found numerically.     

Excitation spectrum and structure factor of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in different hyperfine states

The elementary excitation spectrum of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in different hyperfine states is obtained by Green＇s function method. It is found to have two branches. In the long wave-length limit, the two branches of the excitation spectrum are reduced to one phonon excitation and one single-particle excitation. The single-particle one has an energy gap. When the energy gap exists, we study the Landau critical velocity and the depletion of the condensate. With the obtained Green＇s functions, we calculate the structure factor of a two-component condensate. It is found that the static structure factor comprises only the branch of the phonon excitation and the single-particle excitation makes no contribution to the structure factor.     

共心双环外势中两分量偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构研究

利用虚时演化方法研究了共心双环外势中具有偶极-偶极相互作用的两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构, 探索了接触相互作用和长程各向异性的偶极-偶极相互作用对系统基态的影响. 研究发现, 偶极-偶极相互作用作为系统的又一调控参数, 可用于得到系统的不同的基态相, 并用于控制不同基态相间的转化.     

Spatially periodic structures of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate

The conditions providing the formation of periodic vortex lattices of an interference nature in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (i.e., in the absence of rotation of the condensate) are determined. Spatially periodic exact solutions of the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation (the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation) that describes the Bose-Einstein condensate of a dilute gas of alkali metal atoms with due regard for the nonlocality of interatomic interactions are obtained in the form of a set of two or three plane waves. It is shown that periodic vortex lattices can be produced in interference experiments with a Bose-Einstein condensate of a dilute gas of alkali metal atoms.     

One-dimensionally inhomogeneous structures of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate

Exact solutions of the generalized stationary one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevski equation taking into account the nonlocality of interatomic interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate were found. These solutions correspond to regimes of bright and dark solitons, as well as to complete and incomplete periodic modulation of the atomic concentration. A regime of complete purely harmonic modulation was revealed. The qualitative analysis of the phase plane of the corresponding equations was performed. The possibility of interpreting the experimentally observed soliton chains as a regime of complete or deep modulation was indicated.     

Measurements of Tan's contact in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate

A powerful set of universal relations, centered on a quantity called the contact, connects the strength of short-range two-body correlations to the thermodynamics of a many-body system with zero-range interactions. We report on measurements of the contact, using rf spectroscopy, for an (85)Rb atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). For bosons, the fact that contact spectroscopy can be used to probe the gas on short time scales is useful given the decreasing stability of BECs with increasing interactions. A complication is the added possibility, for bosons, of three-body interactions. In investigating this issue, we have located an Efimov resonance for (85)Rb atoms with loss measurements and thus determined the three-body interaction parameter. In our contact spectroscopy, in a region of observable beyond-mean-field effects, we find no measurable contribution from three-body physics.     

Dynamics of a quantum phase transition in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate

We discuss dynamics of a slow quantum phase transition in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. We analytically determine the scaling properties of the system magnetization and verify them with numerical simulations in a one dimensional model.     

Vortex phase diagram in rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate the structure of vortex states in rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with equal intracomponent but varying intercomponent-coupling constants. A phase diagram in the intercomponent-coupling versus rotation-frequency plane reveals rich equilibrium structures of vortex states. As the ratio of intercomponent to intracomponent couplings increases, the interlocked vortex lattices undergo phase transitions from triangular to square, to double-core lattices, and eventually develop interwoven "serpentine" vortex sheets with each component made up of chains of singly quantized vortices.