Cooper pairs? magnetic moment in MCFL color superconductivity

We investigate the effect of the alignment of the magnetic moments of Cooper pairs of charged quarks that form at high density in three-flavor quark matter. The high-density phase of this matter in the presence of a magnetic field is known to be the Magnetic Color-Flavor-Locked (MCFL) phase of color superconductivity. We derive the Fierz identities of the theory and show how the explicit breaking of the rotational symmetry by the uniform magnetic field opens new channels of interactions and allows the formation of a new diquark condensate. The new order parameter is a spin-1 condensate proportional to the component in the field direction of the average magnetic moment of the pairs of charged quarks. The magnitude of the spin-1 condensate becomes comparable to the larger of the two scalar gaps in the region of large fields. The existence of the spin-1 condensate is unavoidable, as in the presence of a magnetic field there is no solution of the gap equations with nonzero scalar gaps and zero magnetic moment condensate. This is consistent with the fact that the extra condensate does not break any symmetry that has not already been broken by the known MCFL gaps. The spin-1 condensate enhances the condensation energy of pairs formed by charged quarks and the magnetization of the system. We discuss the possible consequences of the new order parameter on the issue of the chromomagnetic instability that appears in color superconductivity at moderate density.     

Towards a theory of superconductivity based on collective Cooper pairs

Superconductivity could be seen as a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of Cooper pairs. However, the creation and annihilation operators of Cooper pairs do not satisfy the bosonic commutation relations and then, the mentioned viewpoint has a weakness in its foundation. In this work, we introduce the concept of collective Cooper pairs (CCP) as linear combinations of Cooper pairs and prove their bosonic nature at the dilute limit. This bosonic nature is given rise from their diffuse character on the Cooper pairs, which permits the accumulation of many collective pairs at a single quantum state. Moreover, the superconducting ground state proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) can be written in terms of these collective Cooper pairs, which means that the BCS theory is consistent with a possible BEC theory of superconductivity based on collective Cooper pairs. Finally, we calculate the energy spectra and the BEC critical temperature of CCP.     

两味LOFF态下的色超导

自从色超导理论被提出以来, 通常考虑的是参与配对的夸克的化学势不相等时的情形。 当化学势的差别达到某一合适值时, 库柏对就有非零的总动量, 这就是Larkin Ovchinnikov Fulde Ferre(LOFF)态。 这种形式的夸克凝聚自发破坏了平移不变性和旋转不变性, 导致能隙以晶格的形式周期性变化。 在中等重子数密度区的基础上, 从SU（2） NJL模型出发描述两味LOFF态, 并通过平均场近似, 引用N G基底、 傅立叶变换和频率求和等方法得到热力学势, 进而通过热力学势对序参量求偏导得到耦合的Gap方程, 并使用数值法解耦合方程找到LOFF态的窗口。 Ever since the theory of color superconductivity was issued, it is likely to involve pairing between species of quarks with differing chemical potentials. For suitable values of the differences between chemical potentials, Cooper pairs with non zero total momentum are favored, as was first realized by Larkin, Ovchinnikov, Fulde and Ferrell (LOFF). Condensates of this sort spontaneously break translational and rotational invariance, leading to gaps which vary periodically in a crystalline pattern. This article focuses on the two flavor color superconducting phase at moderate baryon density. LOFF state is described through SU(2) NJL model. By using the mean field approximation, N G basis, fourier transformation, frequency summation, the thermodynamic potential and Gap equation are obtained. Finally, the window of LOFF state is found by the numerical method.     

Why nuclei are made of three-quark clusters hyperfine interactions and short-range color-spin correlations

The hyperfine interaction due to one-gluon exchange between constituent quarks is shown to introduce color-spin correlations into a multiquark wave function which force it to dissociate into three-quark clusters. The hyperfine interaction is always repulsive between a pair of quarks of the same flavor. In two-flavor systems a net attraction at short range occurs only in the three-body system which has one pair of identical quarks and two pairs of quarks with different flavor. For systems with six or more non-strange quarks the ratio of the number of (ud) pairs to the number of identical pairs is never more than 3:2 and there is an overall repulsion.     

ac Josephson effect and resonant Cooper pair tunneling emission of a single Cooper pair transistor

We measure the high-frequency emission of a single Cooper pair transistor (SCPT) in the regime where transport is only due to tunneling of Cooper pairs. This is achieved by coupling on chip the SCPT to a superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction and by measuring the photon assisted tunneling current of quasiparticles across the junction. This technique allows a direct detection of the ac Josephson effect of the SCPT and provides evidence of Landau-Zener transitions for proper gate voltage. The emission in the regime of resonant Cooper pair tunneling is also investigated. It is interpreted in terms of transitions between charge states coupled by the Josephson effect.     

Bosonic nature of collective Cooper pairs

Superconductivity is not considered as a Bose-Einstein condensation, because the creation and annihilation operators of Cooper pairs do not satisfy bosonic commutation relations. However, collective pairs can be constructed by a linear combination of Cooper pairs and we demonstrate in this Letter that these collective Cooper pairs have bosonic nature. In addition, the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconducting ground state can be built by means of these pairs and in consequence, could be treated as a Bose-Einstein condensate.     

Essence of Pseudogap and Oscillation in High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductor Junction of Pseudogap State

This paper gives methods to calculate the pairing temperature T*,at which a pseudogap is opened,and the superconducting temperature Tc,at which superconductivity appears,in the high-Tc cuprates,and demonstrates directly that at Tc ＜ T ＜ T* the pseudogap is the gap of Cooper pair without long-range phase coherence,and at T ＜ Tc there is long-range phase coherence between Cooper pairs.Based on the above clear physical picture on the pseudogap state and our mechanism for the ac Josephson effect,this paper proposes that there should be a novel oscillatory current in P-I-P junction,induced by a constant bias on the junction.Here,P represents the high-Tc curates in the pseudogap state,where Cooper pairs do not have long-range phase coherence,and I represents the thin insulating barrier.This paper conjectures that there is a possible high-temperature superconductivity in the heavily underdoped high-Tc cuprates.     

Cooper Molecules: Second Pairing of Cooper Pairs in Gapless Superconductor CeCoIn_5

We establish a quantum field theory of phase transitions in gapless superconductor CeCoIn5.It is found that uniform Cooper pair gases with pure gradient interactions with negative coefficient can undergo a BardeenCooper-Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature.In the BCS condensation state,bare Cooper pairs with opposite wave vectors are bound into Cooper molecules,and uncoupled bare Cooper pairs are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle,i.e.,the dressed particles.The Cooper molecule s.ystem is a condensate or a superfluid,and the dressed particle s.ystem is a normal fluid.The critical temperature is derived anal.yticall.y.The critical temperature of the superconductor CeCoIn5 is obtained to be T_c = 2.289 K,which approaches the experimental data.The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.     

两库柏对相互作用问题的研究

在文中给出了库柏对的两种不同表达形式。发现用由对算符组成的哈密顿量来计算更方便,用这些对算符对易性质,而不是把它们看成费米子算符的组合产物。这样一来,研究的库柏对相互作用问题也把库柏对看成对算符。文中解决了两个库柏对相互作用问题,并讨论了推广到多库柏系统的情况。     

电-声超导电性的对称理论

利用新的库珀对平均汤近似，导出了电－声系统中声子－库珀对有效作用，证明了声子通过交换虚的库珀对能够产生一个有效的吸引力，导致两动量相反的声子配对并构成稳定的声超导态。发现电子超导态与声子超导态的直积能构成稳定的电－声对称的高温超导基态。在声子－库珀对弱耦合极限下，基态对称破缺成为传统的ＢＣＳ基态。     

电—声超导电性的对称理论

利用新的库珀对平均汤近似，导出了电－声系统中声子－库珀对有效作用，证明了声子通过交换虚的库珀对能够产生一个有效的吸引力，导致两动量相反的声子配对并构成稳定的声超导态。发现电子超导态与声子超导态的直积能构成稳定的电－声对称的高温超导基态。在声子－库珀对弱耦合极限下，基态对称破缺成为传统的ＢＣＳ基态。     

Long-range superharmonic Josephson current

We consider a long superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junction with one spin-active region. It is shown that an odd number of Cooper pairs cannot have a long-range propagation when there is only one spin-active region. When the temperature is much lower than the Thouless energy, the coherent transport of two Cooper pairs becomes the dominant process and the superharmonic current-phase relation is obtained (I ∝ sin2?).     

Technical Reports: Scaling Laws in High-temperature Superconductors as Revealed Through Infrared Spectroscopy

Superconductivity refers to a fascinating state of matter where the electrical resistivity is precisely zero. Originally discovered in elemental metals such as mercury and tin in the early part of the last century, the mechanism of superconductivity was elusive and nearly 50 years passed before a comprehensive theory for superconductivity in metals was proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer [1] (the “BCS” theory). In a normal metal, the resistivity is determined by the elastic scattering of carriers. However, when a metal becomes a superconductor, the charge carriers are no longer single electrons, but rather pairs of electrons (“Cooper pairs”), which are bound together by a phonon interaction (phonons are the vibrations of the atomic lattice), and flow without resistance.     

约瑟夫森器件中的宏观量子现象及超导量子计算

超导体中的电子结成库珀对，凝聚到可以用一个宏观波函数来描绘的能量基态，该波函数的位相是代表了成百万库珀对集体运动的宏观变量．以约瑟夫森结为基础元件的超导约瑟夫森器件，使人们能够控制并测量一个超导体的位相和库珀对数目，因此是研究宏观量子现象的理想系统．文章回顾了约瑟夫森器件中的宏观量子现象研究的发展历程，介绍了当前超导约瑟夫森器件在量子计算中的重要应用，并对它们的未来作了简要的展望．     

Final-state effects in the radio frequency spectrum of strongly interacting fermions

We model the impact of final-state interactions on the radio frequency spectrum of a strongly interacting two-component superfluid Fermi gas. In addition to a broad asymmetric peak coming from the breakup of Cooper pairs, we find that, for appropriate parameters, one can observe a sharp symmetric "bound-bound" spectral line coming from the conversion of Cooper pairs in one channel to pairs or molecules in another.     

超导与自旋涨落

在常规超导体中,库珀对是由于电子与声子之间的相互作用而形成的.在此过程中,人们可以只考虑电子的电荷性质与声子之间的关联.然而在所谓的非常规超导体中,人们意识到一些其他类型的元激发也可能导致超导现象,而自旋涨落则可能是其中最重要的一种.在大多数非常规超导体中,都可以发现自旋涨落的身影.而在一些重要的体系中,包括铜基超导体、铁基超导体以及一些重费米子超导体体系等,可以确切地说,自旋涨落起到了关键的作用,尽管其相对应的超导机制仍然还不清楚.文章简单介绍了自旋涨落与超导电性之间的关联.     

Feshbach-resonant interactions in 40K and 6Li degenerate Fermi gases

We theoretically examine a system of Fermi degenerate atoms coupled to bosonic molecules by a Feshbach resonance, focusing on the superfluid transition to a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate dressed by Cooper pairs of atoms. This problem raises interest because it is unclear at present whether bimodal density distributions observed recently in 40K and 6Li are due to a condensate of bosonic molecules or fermionic atom pairs. As opposed to 40K, we find that any measurable fraction of above-threshold bosonic molecules is necessarily absent for the 6Li system in question, which strongly implicates Cooper pairs as the culprit behind its bimodal distributions.     

Modification of the spectra of correlated charm-anticharm quark pairs in the quark-gluon plasma

Heavy quarks play an important role in probing the properties of strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma(QGP)created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.We study the interactions of single heavy(charm)quarks and correlated charm and anticharm(ccˉ)quark pairs with the medium constituents of QGP by performing fireball+Langevin simulations of the pertinent Brownian motion with elastic collisions.Besides studying the traditional observables,the nuclear modification factor and the elliptic flow of single heavy quarks in QGP for different thermal relaxation rates,we also study the broadening of the azimuthal correlations of charm and anticharm quark pairs in the QGP medium for different relaxation rates and transverse momenta classes.We quantified the smearing of ccˉpair azimuthal correlations with an increasing thermal relaxation rate:while the(nearly)back-to-back correlations among ccˉpairs are almost completely washed out at low transverse momentum(pT),these correlations at high pT largely survive the pair diffusion.This provides a novel observable for diagnosing the properties of QGP.     

Conductance spectroscopy of spin-triplet superconductors

We propose a novel experiment to identify the symmetry of superconductivity on the basis of theoretical results for differential conductance of a normal metal connected to a superconductor. The proximity effect from the superconductor modifies the conductance of the remote current depending remarkably on the pairing symmetry: spin singlet or spin triplet. The clear-cut difference in the conductance is explained by symmetry of Cooper pairs in a normal metal with respect to frequency. In the spin-triplet case, the anomalous transport is realized due to an odd-frequency symmetry of Cooper pairs.