A new criterion for the logarithmic Sobolev inequality and two applications

We give a criterion for the logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI) on the product space X₁×?×XN. We have in mind an N-site lattice, unbounded continuous spin variables, and Glauber dynamics. The interactions are described by the Hamiltonian H of the Gibbs measure. The criterion for LSI is formulated in terms of the LSI constants of the single-site conditional measures and the size of the off-diagonal entries of the Hessian of H. It is optimal for Gaussians with positive covariance matrix. To illustrate, we give two applications: one with weak interactions and one with strong interactions and a decay of correlations condition.     

Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in Nonadiabatic Systems with Magnetic Impurity: A Step Beyond the Migdal Theorem

The possibility of the ferromagnetic ordering of a paramagnetic impurity in nonadiabatic superconducting systems is investigated. The effect of the relative shift of the Fermi surface by the internal magnetic field, the exchange interaction of the impurity ions through the conductivity electrons, and the spin–orbit interaction of the nonmagnetic impurity are taken into account. The problem is solved in the linear approximation with respect to the nonadiabaticity by taking the vertex and crossing diagrams corresponding to the electron–phonon and the electron–impurity interactions into account. We obtain basic equations of the superconductivity theory for nonadiabatic systems with the ferromagnetic ordering of the impurity spins and show that the nonadiabaticity alters the superconducting transition temperature T _c and the critical impurity concentration. The behavior of the magnetic-ordering temperature T _C as a function of the impurity concentration c in the superconductive state of the nonadiabatic system is also investigated. We obtain the phase diagram (T,c) and show that the nonadiabaticity effects lead to the enlargement of the domain where the superconductivity and the ferromagnetism exist simultaneously.     

Discrete spectrum of hamiltonians of some quantum system models

We study the discrete spectrum of the Hamiltonian H ₀ [Z ₁ ] of relative motion of an n-particle quantum system Z ₁ consisting of mutually identical particles of two types. The interaction of the first-type particles is described by a short-range potential W ₁ , the interaction of the second-type particles is described by a long-range potential W ₂ , and the interaction of particles of different types is described by a negative long-range potential W ₃ . Under some assumptions about the potentials W ₂ and W ₃ , we demonstrate that the discrete spectrum of the operator H ₀ [Z ₁ ] is infinite both with and without taking the permutation symmetry into account.     

The pauli principle,stability, and bound states in systems of identical pseudorelativistic particles

Based on analyzing the properties of the Hamiltonian of a pseudorelativistic system Z_n of n identical particles, we establish that for actual (short-range) interaction potentials, there exists an infinite sequence of integers n_s, s = 1, 2, …, such that the system is stable and that sup _s n_s+1 n_s⁻¹ < + ∞. For a stable system Z_n, we show that the Hamiltonian of relative motion of such a system has a nonempty discrete spectrum for certain fixed values of the total particle momentum. We obtain these results taking the permutation symmetry (Pauli exclusion principle) fully into account for both fermion and boson systems for any value of the particle spin. Similar results previously proved for pseudorelativistic systems did not take permutation symmetry into account and hence had no physical meaning. For nonrelativistic systems, these results (except the estimate for n_s+1 n_s⁻¹ ) were obtained taking permutation symmetry into account but under certain assumptions whose validity for actual systems has not yet been established. Our main theorem also holds for nonrelativistic systems, which is a substantial improvement of the existing result. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 157, No. 1, pp. 116–129, October, 2008.     

Incommensurable state of a spin density wave and superconductivity in quasi-two-dimensional systems with an anisotropic energy spectrum

We investigate phase transitions in quasi-two-dimensional systems with an anisotropic energy spectrum and a deviation from the half-filling of the energy band (μ ≠ 0). We demonstrate the possibility of the transition of an insulator into a half-metallic state when the nesting condition is violated because the parameter μ ≠ 0 and of taking the umklapp processes into account. We obtain the basic equations for the parameters of the superconducting (Δ) and magnetic (M) orders and determine the conditions for the emergence of superconductivity on the background of a spin-density-wave state and also for the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. We show that the transition of a magnetic system into a superconducting state as the parameter μ increases can be a first-order phase transition at low temperatures. We also obtain an expression for the heat capacity jump C _S -C _N at T = T _c , which depends on M and μ and differs essentially from the case of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. We also consider the transformations related to the density of electron states of the relevant anisotropic system, which can undergo essential changes under pressure or doping.     

Gell-Mann and Low Formula for Degenerate Unperturbed States

The Gell-Mann and Low switching allows to transform eigenstates of an unperturbed Hamiltonian H ₀ into eigenstates of the modified Hamiltonian H ₀ + V. This switching can be performed when the initial eigenstate is not degenerate, under some gap conditions with the remainder of the spectrum. We show here how to extend this approach to the case when the ground state of the unperturbed Hamiltonian is degenerate. More precisely, we prove that the switching procedure can still be performed when the initial states are eigenstates of the finite rank self-adjoint operator P₀VP₀{\mathcal{P}_{0}V\mathcal{P}_{0}} , where P₀{\mathcal{P}_0} is the projection onto a degenerate eigenspace of H ₀.     

A pure quantum mechanical theory of parity effect in tunneling and evolution of spins

In recent years, the spin parity effect in magnetic macroscopic quantum tunneling has attracted extensive attention. Using the spin coherent-state path-integral method it is shown that if the HamiltonianH of a single-spin system hasM - fold rotational symmetry around z-axis, the tunneling amplitude 〈−S|e ^Ht |S〉 vanishes when S, the quantum number of spin, is not an integer multiple ofM/2, where |m〉 (m=-S, -S +1, ⋯, S) are the eigenstates of S^z. Not only is a pure quantum mechanical approach adopted to the above result, but also is extended to more general cases where the quantum system consists ofN spins, the quantum numbers of which can take any values, including the single-spin system, ferromagnetic particle and antiferromagnetic particle as particular instances, and where the states involved are not limited to the extreme ones. The extended spin parity effect is that if the Hamiltonian ℋ of the system ofN spins also has the above symmetry, then 〈m′_N⋯m′₂ m′₁|e^{−H t} |m ₁ m ₂⋯m _N vanishes when ∑ _i=1 ^N (m _i−m′₁) not an integer multiple ofM, where |m ₁ m ₂⋯m _N〉=∏ _α=1 ^N |m _a 〉 are the eigenstates of S _a ^z . In addition, it is argued that for large spin the above result, the so-called spin parity effect, does not mean the quenching of spin tunneling from the direction of ⊕-z to that of ±z. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 19674002, 19677101).     

Coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in heavy-fermion intermetallides

Using the two-time retarded Green’s function, we study the conditions for realizing the phase of the superconductivity and antiferromagnetism coexistence in the framework of the effective Hamiltonian for the periodic Anderson model. Such a phase was experimentally observed in rare-earth intermetallides with heavy fermions under an external pressure. In the chosen model, the Cooper instability is induced in the presence of long-range antiferromagnetic ordering as a result of the combined effect of a superexchange interaction in the subsystem of localized electrons and the hybridization between two groups of electrons. Applying an external pressure induces an increase in the energy of the localized level accompanied by an abrupt destruction of the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering in a certain region of the phase diagram. The superconductivity order parameter has a maximum value at the destruction point. We show that the decrease in the antiferromagnetic-sublattice magnetization with increasing pressure leads to a significant increase in the masses of Fermi quasiparticles, and the sign of the current carriers reverses at the critical point. The obtained results qualitatively agree well with the experimental data for the heavy-fermion intermetallide CeRhIn ₅ .     

Nucleation of bulk superconductivity close to critical magnetic field

We consider the two-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau functional with constant applied magnetic field. For applied magnetic fields close to the second critical field HC₂ and large Ginzburg–Landau parameter, we provide leading order estimates on the energy of minimizing configurations. We obtain a fine threshold value of the applied magnetic field for which bulk superconductivity contributes to the leading order of the energy. Furthermore, the energy of the bulk is related to that of the Abrikosov problem in a periodic lattice. A key ingredient of the proof is a novel L^∞-bound which is of independent interest.     

Inhomogeneous Current States in a Gauged Two-Component Ginzburg-Landau Model

We consider the energy bounds of inhomogeneous current states in doped antiferromagnetic insulators in the framework of the two-component Ginzburg-Landau model. Using the formulation of this model in terms of the gauge-invariant order parameters (the unit vector n, spin stiffness field ρ², and particle momentum c), we show that this strongly correlated electron system involves a geometric small parameter that determines the degree of packing in the knots of filament manifolds of the order parameter distributions for the spin and charge degrees of freedom. We find that as the doping degree decreases, the filament density increases, resulting in a transition to an inhomogeneous current state with a free energy gain.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 182–189, July, 2005.     

Thermodynamic properties of two-layer quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnets

For two-layer quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnets of type YBaCuO in the Tyablikov approximation, we investigate the dependences of the energy spectrum and the temperature of transition into an ordered state on both the quasi-two-dimensionality parameter and the intensity of the exchange coupling of spin moments located in two close planes. We assume that the exchange parameters inside the CuO ₂ planes are much greater than the exchange parameters resulting in coupling between a spin located on a plane of an elementary cell and a spin on another plane of a different elementary cell. The obtained expressions for the Néel temperature and for the sublattice magnetic moment at zero temperature describe the dependences of these quantities on the parameters of interplane exchange interactions.     

Quantum scattering near the lowest Landau threshold for a Schrödinger operator with a constant magnetic field

For fixed magnetic quantum number m results on spectral properties and scattering theory are given for the three-dimensional Schrödinger operator with a constant magnetic field and an axisymmetrical electric potential V. In various, mostly singular settings, asymptotic expansions for the resolvent of the Hamiltonian H _m+H_om+V are deduced as the spectral parameter tends to the lowest Landau threshold. Furthermore, scattering theory for the pair (H _m, H _om) is established and asymptotic expansions of the scattering matrix are derived as the energy parameter tends to the lowest Landau threshold.     

On the discrete spectrum of a given SO(2) symmetry of multiparticle systems in potential and homogeneous magnetic fields

For a system of n identical particles in a homogeneous magnetic field, the discrete spectrum of the Hamiltonian H^{α, m} on the subspaces of functions with permutational symmetry α and rotational (SO(2)) symmetry m is studied as m→∞. It is proved that the discrete spectrum of the operator H^α,m contains only one eigenvalue if certain conditions are satisfied. The asymptotic behavior of this eigenvalue as m→∞ is found. Bibliography: 7 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 197, pp. 28–41, 1992. Translated by A. V. Lyakhovskaya     

Spectra of Hamiltonians of molecule pseudorelativistic electrons in spaces of functions with permutational and point symmetry

We study the spectral properties of the Hamiltonian H _n of n pseudorelativistic electrons in the Coulomb field of k fixed nuclei in spaces of functions having arbitrary given types of permutational and point symmetry. For this operator, we establish the location of the essential spectrum, obtain two-sided estimates of the discrete spectrum counting function in terms of the counting functions of the discrete spectrum of some two-particle nonrelativistic operators, and find the leading term of the spectral asymptotics.     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">SU</Emphasis>(3) symmetry and macroscopic dynamics of magnets with spin <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis> = 1

In the Hamiltonian approach, we derive nonlinear dynamic equations for magnetic media with spin s = 1. We introduce two types of magnetic exchange Hamiltonians corresponding to the Casimir invariants of the SU(3) group. We find the spectra of spin and quadrupole waves corresponding to the states with different symmetries under the time reversal transformation. We consider the effect of dissipative processes and find relaxation fluxes caused by the exchange symmetry of the magnetic Hamiltonian.     

The infinitesimal 16th Hilbert problem in the quadratic case

Let H(x,y) be a real cubic polynomial with four distinct critical values (in a complex domain) and let X _H =H _y -H _x be the corresponding Hamiltonian vector field. We show that there is a neighborhood ? of X _H in the space of all quadratic plane vector fields, such that any X∈? has at most two limit cycles. Oblatum 23-III-2000 & 19-VI-2000?Published online: 11 October 2000     

Self-adjoint extensions for linear Hamiltonian systems with two singular endpoints

This paper is concerned with self-adjoint extensions for a linear Hamiltonian system with two singular endpoints. The domain of the closure of the corresponding minimal Hamiltonian operator H₀ is described by properties of its elements at the endpoints of the discussed interval, decompositions of the domains of the corresponding left and right maximal Hamiltonian operators are provided, and expressions of the defect indices of H₀ in terms of those of the left and right minimal operators are given. Based on them, characterizations of all the self-adjoint extensions for a Hamiltonian system are obtained in terms of square integrable solutions. As a consequence, the characterizations of all the self-adjoint extensions are given for systems in several special cases.     

Basic spin matrices

Summary In this paper the basic spin matrix, U, corresponding firstly, to an orthogonal transformation in3-dimensional Euclidean space and secondly, to a Lorentz transformation in4-dimensional space-time, is obtained explicitly in terms of the defining set of anticommuting matrices X_i and the elements of the matrix of the transformation. It is found that in3-dimensions, four formulae for U are necessary in order to cover all possible contingencies, whilst in4-dimensions sixteen are necessary. A number of particular cases are also considered both in three and in four dimensions. Entrata in Redazione il 14 settembre 1970.     

Symmetry of the point spectrum of infinite dimensional hamiltonian operators and its applications

This paper studies the symmetry, with respect to the real axis, of the point spectrum of the upper triangular infinite dimensional Hamiltonian operator H. Note that the point spectrum of H can be described as σp(H) = σp(A) ∪σp1(-A*). Using the characteristic of the set σp1(-A*), we divide the point spectrum σp(A) of A into three disjoint parts. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained under which σp1(-A*) and one part of σp(A) are symmetric with respect to the real axis each other. Based on this result, the symmetry of σp(H) is completely given. Moreover, the above result is applied to thin plates on elastic foundation, plane elasticity problems and harmonic equations.     

Indirect interaction between nuclear spins in easy-axis antiferromagnets

We consider two atoms with nuclear spins I = 1/2 belonging to a regular chain (spin register) of isotopes substituting basic nuclear-spin-free atoms in a plate of an antiferromagnet with the easy anisotropy axis. A constant external magnetic field is assumed to be directed along the easy axis perpendicular to the plate plane and to have a constant gradient along the register direction. For a simple model, we diagonalize the spin Hamiltonian in a spin-wave approximation using the Bogoliubov-Tyablikov transformation. We show that in the presence of a nonuniformity of the external magnetic field, the indirect interaction between nuclear spins caused by the hyperfine interaction of nuclear spins with virtual spin waves in the antiferromagnet can increase and even oscillate depending on the distance between the considered spins if the local field at the midpoint between them is close to the field of the orientational phase transition to the spin-flop phase in a homogeneous antiferromagnet.