丙烷脱氢负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂中Na+助剂组分的作用

用微型催化反应装置结合X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂化学吸附、NH₃吸附-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和H₂-程序升温还原等多种物理化学手段研究了丙烷脱氢负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂中Na⁺助剂组分的作用。结果表明,Na⁺组分可中和SUZ-4载体表面的强酸中心、提高催化剂的Pt金属分散度、抑制脱氢产物的裂解和积炭的生成,从而提高催化剂的丙烷脱氢选择性和反应稳定性。但是过量Na⁺组分的存在会削弱Sn物种与载体之间的相互作用,使其易被还原,导致催化剂丙烷脱氢活性显著下降。     

铂锡双金属催化剂上丙烷脱氢反应研究

对比研究了Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ比为１；１，２，：１和５：１的原子簇担载于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上制成的Ｐｔ＝Ｓｎ原子簇催化剂，和用ＳｎＣｌ２和Ｈ２ＰｔＣｌ６浸渍制备的相应Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ比的催化剂对丙烷脱氢生成丙烯的催化性能。     

PtSnNa/SUZ-4:丙烷脱氢反应的高效催化剂（英文）

丙烷脱氢制丙烯是优化利用炼厂气和油田伴生气资源的一条重要途径.随着丙烯需求量的逐步增加,丙烷脱氢制丙烯日益受到重视.负载型PtSn/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂具有优良的丙烷脱氢活性和选择性,但在高温、低氢压的反应条件下,催化剂易积炭而失活.近年来,选用了微孔分子筛如ZSM-5和介孔分子筛如SBA-15和MCM-41作为PtSn催化剂的载体,结果表明,具有规整孔道结构的负载型PtSn/分子筛催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性明显优于PtSn/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂.SUZ-4分子筛与ZSM-5分子筛结构相似且孔径相当,所不同的是ZSM-5由十元环交叉孔道组成,而SUZ-4由十元环和八元环孔道垂直相交组成.我们用微型催化反应装置结合XRD、BET比表面积和孔体积测试、NH_3吸附-程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、氢化学吸附、热重分析(TG)、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和程序升温氧化(TPO)等多种物理化学手段研究了负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4和PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂的结构和丙烷脱氢反应性能,以及这两种催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中催化性能差异的原因.实验结果显示,在丙烷脱氢反应中,负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂上丙烯选择性和反应稳定性明显优于PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂,说明载体一定程度上会影响催化剂上丙烷脱氢反应性能.XRD,BET比表面积和孔体积测试等表征手段结果表明,SUZ-4和ZSM-5的孔体积和比表面积比较接近,载体的结构又类似,且两者的积碳量也相近,故载体的基本性质和积碳量的差异不是引起催化剂性能差异的原因.NH_3-TPD结果表明,H-SUZ-4的酸强度明显强于H-ZSM-5.由于浸渍法制备负载型PtSn催化剂所用前体为具有强酸性的混合溶液(H_2PtCl_6+SnCl_4),存在于SUZ-4分子筛孔道内表面的强酸中心不利于上述前体与SUZ-4分子筛孔道内表面结合.ZSM-5分子筛孔道内表面比较弱的强酸中心,促进了催化剂前体在ZSM-5分子筛孔道内表面的分散与结合.和ZSM-5为载体的催化剂相比,PtSnNa/SUZ-4上Pt粒子大部分分散在载体的外表面,从而金属上的积碳不易引起催化剂的失活.故多孔材料上Pt的分布是影响催化活性差异的主要原因.为进一步证明多孔材料上Pt的分布是影响催化活性差异的主要原因,我们通过二苯并噻吩预处理催化剂的手段证明Pt粒子在分子筛孔内外的分布情况.由于二苯并噻吩的尺寸比较大(0.8 nm)不能进入到分子筛的孔道内(SUZ-4:0.56 nm,ZSM-5:0.56 nm),所以载体孔道外的部分Pt会被二苯并噻吩预处理而失去活性,而孔道内的Pt不会因为预处理仍具有催化活性.实验结果表明,PtSnNa/SUZ-4经过二苯并噻吩预处理后,催化活性大大降低;而PtSnNa/ZSM-5经过二苯并噻吩预处理后,催化活性几乎没有变化.说明PtSnNa/SUZ-4上Pt粒子大部分分散在载体的外表面,从而金属上的积碳不易引起催化剂的失活.     

丙烷在负载型催化剂上脱氢反应的研究 Ⅶ.丙烷在负载型金属催化剂上临氢脱

通过对丙烷在负载型金属催化剂 上临氢脱氢反应性能的考察，发现除 负载 型Pt、Pd等具有脱氢活性外；负载型Cu 也同样具 有脱氢活性，并且随Cu载量增加而升高。对催化剂稳定性研究结果表明，载体与金属组分间相互作用是不容忽视的因素之一。催化剂选择性影响 因素主要是加氢裂化或氢解反应。因此，对催化剂脱氢选择性的改善既可通过调变金属组分的脱氢加氢性能，也可通过改变载体酸性进行。     

In基二氧化碳氧化丙烷脱氢催化剂的研究

二氧化碳氧化丙烷脱氢增产丙烯是提高丙烷脱氢单程转化率与二氧化碳资源化利用的重要途经,探究高效的非贵金属环保型催化剂对工业界和科学界均有重要意义。采用不同合成方法制备了系列In基催化剂,通过X射线衍射、拉曼、H2-程序升温还原、扫描电镜观测了In活性位结构。关联活性数据得出,具有InO6结构的InOx团簇或In2O3颗粒在CO2氧化丙烷脱氢气氛中能够发生氧化还原循环,从而驱动CO2及丙烷分子的活化,而水热法合成样品中不含该InO6结构,因此不具备CO2活化能力。此外,十元环MFI型Silicalite-1沸石相比十二元环的Si-Beta沸石载体能够促进CO2的吸附,也提高了CO2对丙烷分子活化的促进作用。     

氟对PtSnNaLa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响

在PtSnNaLa/ZSM-5催化剂中引入氟元素,制得用于丙烷脱氢反应的氟改性催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、NH₃吸脱附(NH₃-TPD)、红外(FT-IR) 、固体核磁(²⁷Al MAS NMR)和程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等技术手段研究不同氟含量对催化剂的结构、表面酸性和丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响。 结果表明,氟能降低催化剂表面的弱酸强度,增强Pt与载体间的相互作用力,降低反应副产物的选择性,从而提高了产物丙烯的选择性,当氟的添加量为0.2%时,丙烯选择性可达到99.2%。 同时氟的加入易于载体骨架的脱铝,使得Sn组分的还原变得相对容易,但对催化剂结构没有明显的影响。     

丙烷在负载型催化剂上脱氢反应的研究——Ⅷ.丙烷在负载型金属催化剂上临氢脱氢

通过对丙烷在负载型金属催化剂上临氢脱氢反应性能的考察,发现除负载型Pt、Pd等具有脱氢活性外;负载型Cu也同样具有脱氢活性,并且随Cu载量增加而升高。对催化剂稳定性研究结果表明,载体与金属组分间相互作用是不容忽视的因素之一。催化剂选择性影响因素主要是加氢裂化或氢解反应。因此,对催化剂脱氢选择性的改善既可通过调变金属组分的脱氢加氢性能,也可通过改变载体酸性进行。     

Effect of cerium addition on catalytic performance of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

The effect of cerium addition on the catalytic performance of propane dehydrogenation over PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst has been investigated by reaction tests and some physicochemical characterization such as XRD,BET,TEM,XPS,NH 3-TPD,H 2 chemisorption,TPR and TPO techniques.It has been found that with suitable amount of cerium addition,the platinum dispersion increased,while the carbon deposition tended to be eliminated easily.In these cases,the presence of cerium could not only realize the better distribution of metallic particles on the support,but also strengthen the interactions between Sn species and the support.Additionally,XPS spectra confirmed that more amounts of tin could exist in oxidized form,which was advantageous to the reaction.In our experiments,PtSnNaCe(1.1 wt%)/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance.After running the reaction for 750 h,propane conversion was maintained higher than 30% with the corresponding selectivity to propylene of about 97%.     

Design and synthesis of the honeycomb PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

A novel PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was designed and synthesized for the propane dehydrogenation reaction, which was a significant transformation in industry. Experimental results showed that although the propane conversion and the propylene selectivity gradually fell down along with the reaction time, the descent speed of the PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was slower than that of the granule catalyst and the propane conversion and propylene selectivity of the reaction with monolithic catalyst still remained at a high level after 12 hr. The monolithic catalyst had regular pore structure that facilitated the separation of the product from the catalyst and reduced the limitation on internal and external diffusion and mass transfer, and led to the high catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst could be easily fabricated and was of highly industrial application potential.     

有序介孔Sn-SBA-15负载铂催化剂上丙烷脱氢性能的提高

丙烷脱氢制丙烯能够将低级烷烃转变成烯烃,是有效扩大丙烯来源的生产工艺.铂锡催化剂用于丙烷催化脱氢的主要缺点是稳定性差、选择性低,通过稳定锡的氧化态可以大大改善催化剂的脱氢性能及稳定性.本文采用一锅水热合成法制备了一系列高比表面积具有高度有序介孔结构的Sn掺杂的Sn-SBA-15材料,并作为载体负载铂催化剂用于丙烷脱氢反应.同时利用传统浸渍法(IM)合成了Sn/SBA-15-IM材料作为对比.结合X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积和孔体积测试、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱、H2程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜和透射电镜等多种物理化学表征手段研究了Sn-SBA-15材料和催化剂的结构性质及其丙烷脱氢反应性能.XRD和BET比表面积和孔体积测试结果表明,水热合成法原位引入助剂Sn不影响载体SBA-15的有序孔道结构,同时能够保持较大的比表面积.传统浸渍法引入Sn会堵塞载体孔道,载体比表面积及孔道有序度下降.Sn掺杂进入SBA-15骨架能够增强Sn物种与载体的相互作用,有利于Sn物种在反应过程中保持氧化态,提高催化剂丙烷脱氢反应的活性及选择性.当Sn掺杂量增至2.0 wt％时,Pt,Sn组分与载体之间的相互作用减弱,催化剂中Sn0物种所占比例增多,导致催化剂丙烷脱氢性能下降.在丙烷脱氢反应过程中,一锅法引入Sn的催化剂上反应活性和稳定性明显优于浸渍法引入Sn的催化剂.其中,Pt/0.5 Sn-SBA-15催化剂表现出最优的丙烷脱氢性能,丙烷转化率为43.8％,丙烯选择性为98.5％.     

A practical grinding-assisted dry synthesis of nanocrystalline NiMoO4 polymorphs for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

A practical two-stage reactive grinding-assisted pathway waste-free and cost-effective for the synthesis of NiMoO₄ has been successfully developed. It was demonstrated that proper design in synthetic strategy for grinding plays a crucial role in determining the ultimate polymorph of NiMoO₄. Specifically, direct grinding (DG) of MoO₃ and NiO rendered α-NiMoO₄ after annealing, whereas sequential grinding (SG) of the two independently pre-ground oxides followed by annealing generated β-NiMoO₄ solid solution. Characterizations in terms of Raman and X-ray diffraction suggest the creation of β-NiMoO₄ precursor in the latter alternative is the key aspect for the formation of β-NiMoO₄. The DG-derived α-NiMoO₄ tested by oxidative dehydrogenation of propane exhibited superior activity in contrast to its analog synthesized via conventional coprecipitation. It is suggested that the favorable chemical composition facilely obtained via grinding in contrast to that by coprecipitation was essential for achieving a more selective production of propylene.     

Kinetic study of propane dehydrogenation and catalyst deactivation over Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst

The kinetics of propane dehydrogenation and catalyst deactivation over Pt-Sn/Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied. Performance test runs were carried out in a fixed-bed integral reactor. Using a power-law rate expression for the surface reaction kinetics and independent law for deactivation kinetics, the experimental data were analyzed both by integral and a novel differential method of analysis and the results were compared. To avoid fluctuation of time-derivatives of conversion required for differential analysis, the conversion-time data were first fitted with appropriate functions. While the time-zero and rate constant of reaction were largely insensitive to the function employed, the rate constant of deactivation was much more sensitive to the function form. The advantage of the proposed differential method, however, is that the integration of the rate expression is not necessary which otherwise could be complicated or impossible. It was also found that the reaction is not limited by external and internal mass transfer limitations, implying that the employed kinetics could be considered as intrinsic ones.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

B修饰的ZrO2及其制备p H值对PtSn/B-ZrO2丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响（英文）

丙烯作为一种重要的石油化工基础原料,传统上是从石脑油蒸汽裂解或催化裂化过程中作为副产物生产的.随着原油的枯竭和页岩气开发技术的成熟,通过乙烷蒸汽裂解制备乙烯更具吸引力并已得到广泛的工业应用,但该路线乙烯选择性高,而副产物丙烯数量有限.为满足不断增加的丙烯需求量,利用油田气和页岩气中低附加值的丙烷为原料,将其直接脱氢制丙烯(PDH)具有重要的现实意义.目前已开发成功的PDH技术采用的催化剂主要为负载PtSn型催化剂和Cr基催化剂.其中,Pt基催化剂较Cr基催化剂更加环境友好,因此得到了更广泛的应用.由于Pt元素的昂贵和稀有,制备低Pt含量和良好性能的催化剂极具吸引力.UOP Oleflex工艺开发的最新一代催化剂DEH-16仅含有0.3 wt%Pt,相对于前一代催化剂Pt含量降低30%.然而,许多文献报道,随着Pt含量的降低,催化剂的稳定性很容易恶化,降低Pt含量并保持催化剂性能仍具有一定的挑战.研究表明,含有更多Lewis酸性位点和更少Bronsted酸位点的催化剂显示出较好的丙烷脱氢活性和丙烯选择性.此外,源自缺陷位或配位不饱和位的Lewis酸性位也可为负载的金属颗粒提供锚定位点.BASF对ZrO2作为载体的丙烷脱氢催化剂进行了广泛研究,但其催化剂尚未完全商业化.有文献报道,ZrO2负载的PtSn催化剂在脱氢反应中的稳定性较差.将元素硼(B)加入到ZrO2中可以极大地抑制Bronsted酸性而提高Lewis酸量和酸强度,因此我们推测含有适量配位不饱和Zr位点的ZrO2作为PtSn丙烷脱氢催化剂载体可能具有优异的性能.载体的合成pH值对催化剂PDH性能也会有影响.然而,目前还没有硼改性的ZrO2(B-ZrO2)合成pH值对PDH催化性能影响的研究.本文研究了B-ZrO2的合成pH值(9,10和11)对PtSn/B-ZrO2在丙烷脱氢反应中催化性能的影响.Py-IR结果表明各pH值下合成的B-ZrO2均只有Lewis酸,NH3-TPD结果则表明B-ZrO2的Lewis酸量和强度随合成pH值的增加而增加.XPS结果显示,载体对Pt和Sn电子性质的影响不容忽视.由于OSC与CO氧化活性之间没有线性关系,因此Pt和Sn之间的相互作用程度在CO氧化反应中可能起主要作用,并有如下递增趋势:PtSn/B-ZrO2-9相似文献   

Dehydrogenation of propane to propene over phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 supported Ga2O3

Dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂ was investigated over gallium oxide catalysts supported on phosphorus-modified HZSM-5. The stability of the catalyst improves with an increase in P-loading, due to the decrease in the acid strength and number of strong acid sites of the catalyst.     

Highly efficient dehydrogenation of indolines to indoles using hydroxyapatite-bound Pd catalyst

A hydroxyapatite-bound palladium catalyst was found to be effective for the dehydrogenation of various types of indolines to give the corresponding indoles. Moreover, the catalyst was readily recovered from the reaction mixture, and could be reused without any loss of its catalytic activity.