高效液相色谱法测定银杏外种皮中银杏酸的含量

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定银杏外种皮中银杏酸含量的方法，色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-2，流动相为甲醇-3%Hac溶液（92:8，V/V），流速1.0mL/min；柱温40℃；紫外检测波长310nm；线性范围：0.572-10.30цg（相关系数R=0.9999）；检测限5.2ng(3a)。银杏外种皮提取物经一步硅胶柱层析预处理。实验测得银杏外种皮中银杏酸含量为5.46%；平均回收率为97.5%，RSD为1.9%(n=6)。该方法简便、准确、线性范围宽。     

亲水作用色谱-电雾式检测用于5种抗病毒药物的定量分析

抗病毒药物具有广泛的应用,对人类和动物的健康有着重要的作用。但抗病毒药物紫外吸收差异大、极性分布广,要实现该类药物的同时分析较为困难。本实验以Click TE-Cys为固定相,结合电雾式检测(CAD),建立了多种抗病毒药物同时分离分析的方法。考察了不同的检测器、色谱模式、色谱柱和流动相对抗病毒药物峰形、分离选择性及检测信号响应的影响。在优化的条件下定量分析了5种抗病毒药物,结果证明该方法具有较好的日内重复性(RSD≤3.06%)和日间重复性(RSD≤5.38%)。同时,该方法还具有较宽的线性范围(0.07~2.28 mg/mL)和较高的灵敏度(LOQ≤0.04 mg/mL),可用于相关药物的定量、定性分析。     

纳米银表面增强拉曼光谱法测定保健食品中非法添加的4种地平类降压药物

应用表面增强拉曼光谱法(SERS)测定了保健食品中非法添加的4种属于二氢吡啶类的降压药物,即盐酸贝尼地平(BNDP)、盐酸尼卡地平(NCDP)、硝苯地平(NFDP)和阿雷地平(ADP)。称取经碾碎的疑似添加降压药物的保健食品0.103 0g,用甲醇10.0mL超声提取5min,离心后取其上清液1.0 mL,加入甲醇定容至10.0 mL。分取此溶液100μL,加入纳米银溶液200μL作为表面增强剂及体积比为2∶7的盐酸溶液20μL作为助剂,用振荡器以400r·min~(-1)的转速振荡10s,按仪器工作条件进行SERS测定。测得BNDP和NCDP的质量浓度在1.0～10.0mg·L~(-1)内分别与两者对应的特征峰比值呈线性关系;NFDP的线性范围为2.0～9.0mg·L~(-1),ADP的线性范围为1.0～9.0 mg·L~(-1)。它们的检出限(3S/N)依次为0.40,0.45,0.75,0.75mg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得ADP的回收率为96.0%,其他3种药物的回收率为108%。各测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.0%～5.9%。按本方法分析了一件缴获的样品,测得其中含NCDP为10.4%。     

金属标记结合高效液相色谱-选择离子监测质谱的蛋白质绝对定量新方法

建立了金属标记结合高效液相色谱-选择性离子监测质谱(SIM)的蛋白质绝对定量新方法。实验考察了金属标记效率、金属标记的稳定性、标记后肽段的色谱保留和质谱行为、新定量方法的线性范围和准确度。实验结果表明金属标记具有标记效率高,稳定性好,色谱保留行为一致等优点。另外,金属标记-选择离子监测质谱绝对定量方法灵敏度高,其定量限低至1 fmol,线性范围为1~500 fmol,线性范围内R2值大于0.99,具有良好的线性关系;经过测量,标准肽段的回收率为117.01%,说明该方法具有较高的准确度。将该方法应用于腾冲嗜热菌中烯醇酶蛋白的定量分析,相对标准偏差为5.47%,表明该方法的精密度高。以上结果表明该方法可以用于生物样本中的蛋白质的绝对定量分析,为比较简单的生物样本中蛋白质的绝对定量方法提供了一种新的选择。     

实时直接分析-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法应用于化妆品中15种抗过敏药物的定性和定量分析

提出了应用实时直接分析(DART)-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法对化妆品中15种抗过敏药物的定性和定量检测方法。称取样品0.50g,加入50%(体积分数)乙醇溶液1.0mL,于超声波水浴中超声处理5min,涡旋振荡10min后离心5min,取上清液0.50mL,加水0.5mL混匀后再次离心5min,取上清液,按仪器工作条件进行分析。采用Dip-it Samplers模式进样,进样量为1μL。在正离子模式下,以一级全扫描-数据依赖性二级扫描(Full MS-ddMS2)进行定性分析,与自建二级(MS2)谱库进行比对,得到定性筛查结果;随即以平行反应监测(PRM)模式进行定量分析。所测的15种抗过敏药物的线性范围均在10mg·L~(-1)以内。由于所测得的15种药物的测定下限的信噪比远大于10倍,故本方法将测定下限定为0.5mg·kg~(-1)。用空白样品为基体,加入混合标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在82%以上;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于16%。应用本方法分析了20个市售化妆品样品,在其中的7个样品中检出苯海拉明,在1个样品中检出氯苯那敏,且所得结果与液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)所测结果一致。     

激光反射光声测定及其应用

详细研究了激光反射光声法的测定原理、实验装置及影响参数。利用反射光声效应进行膜上痕量样品检测，对精氨酸定量线性范围达２个数量级（５×１０－２～５×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。检出限为１５２ｐｍｏｌ。方法用于药物中精氨酸的测定，结果满意。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定除螨类化妆品中10种抗螨虫药物

建立了12 min内同时测定除螨类化妆品中10种抗螨虫药物成分的高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)的定性定量分析方法。实验比较了不同提取溶剂,优化了色谱和质谱等仪器条件参数。最终采用以甲醇溶液为提取溶剂对化妆品样品进行超声提取,过0.22μm滤膜,选择Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18(100mm×2.1mm,1.9μm)色谱柱分离,以0.01%甲酸水(含2 mmol·L^-1甲酸铵)-0.01%甲酸甲醇(含2 mmol·L^-1甲酸铵)作为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式和在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,外标法定量。实验结果显示,10种抗螨虫药物均在12min内出峰,定量限通过分别稀释相应标准溶液至仪器的10倍信噪比(S/N=10)获得,并将该点作为标曲最低点,以各组分的质量浓度对相应的峰面积进行线性回归,在各自线性范围内,各组分线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.015～0.075 mg·kg^-1,定量限为0.05～0.25 mg·kg^-1。水剂类、乳...     

微乳液相色谱测定药物的油-水分配系数的新方法研究

建立快速微乳液相色谱法(MELC)测定药物的油-水分配系数(log P)的方法. 选择5种模拟生物膜的微乳流动相体系, 以7个标准药物的log P对保留因子(log k)的回归线性方程, 计算被测药物的log P值. 并以药物文献的log P值对实验测得log k值的线性相关系数为参数, 对微乳体系的表面活性剂和油相的种类进行考察, 得到测定非同类的中性、碱性药物的油-水分配系数最佳流动相体系为6.0% Brij35-6.6%正丁醇-0.8%正辛醇-86.6%磷酸缓冲液(0.05 mol• L－1, pH 7.0), 其测得值与文献的实验值平均相差0.3个对数单位. 结果显示该方法可靠、高效、重现性好, 可用于药物的油-水分配系数log P的测定.     

重组人糖基化尿型纤溶酶原尿激活剂中糖链的组成研究

重组人糖基化尿型纤溶酶原激活剂(RHU-PA)是一种溶血栓药物。研究了使单糖从RHU-PA中定量释放的酸解条件和纯化单糖的方法。应用气相色谱技术测定了RHU-PA上的糖链由岩藻糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖组成,相对摩尔比为1.0∶3.9∶1.1∶3.4。酸解法测得的总糖含量与酶解法测得的结果一致。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定六氟化钨中氟化氢

设计了一套测定六氟化钨中氟化氢的进样管路,提出了傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定六氟化钨中氟化氢含量的方法。根据氟化氢的红外光谱特征性,氟化氢在3 600~4 300 cm-1波数范围内有8个特征吸收峰,为了避免水蒸气的干扰,选择波数4 038.2 cm-1作为氟化氢的定量峰位。选择氟化氢标准气体样品,按方法分析并测得相关数据。以氟化氢的体积分数(%)为横坐标,以特征峰的吸光度为纵坐标,制作标准曲线。测得标准曲线的线性范围在1.0×10-4%~1.0×10-3%之间。     

The determination of small amounts of organic hydroperoxides in the presence of hindered amine light stabilizers and their nitroxyls

A method for the quantitative determination of hydroperoxide (ROOH) in the presence of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) and/or their nitroxyl free radical derivatives has been elaborated. The method is based on the quantitative reduction of hydroperoxides by triphenyl phosphine. The resulting compounds (alcohols) are then determined by GLC using the internal standard technique. The method has been tested on the hydroperoxides derived from 2,4-dimethylpentane. Its sensitivity and reproducibility appear to be comparable with other methods for ROOH determination but, unlike the latter, it has the advantage that its results are not influenced by the presence of HALS and/or their nitroxyl radical derivatives in the analyzed medium.     

分光光度法测定微量炔烃的研究

叙述了利用生成炔亚铜的反应来定量测定微量炔烃的分光光度法。研究表明，在严格控制氨的浓度、保持足量的还原剂的条件下，可以有效地消除反应介质、反应时间、反应物的浓度、空气中的氧等对测定的影响，获得满意的定量结果。该方法已在实际生产中得到应用。     

三元重叠色谱峰面积的定量方法

本从色谱峰的ＥＭＧ模型出发，通过对重叠色谱峰的模拟和回归分析，提出了一种三元重叠色谱峰的面积的定量方法，三元重叠色谱峰的每一个峰面积可以由峰面积比和总面积求得，此法所需的数据都由实验色谱图上测得，峰面积计算结果的相对误差小于±５％，适用于相对峰谷为５０％－９５％的三元重叠色谱峰面积的定量。     

Chromato-spectrophotometric determination of psoberan and psoralen in blood plasma

A procedure has been developed for the quantitative determination of the natural photosensitizers psoberan and psoralen in blood plasma. The furocoumarins are extracted from the plasma with chloroform and are separated from accompanying substances by the TLC method. The quantitative determination is made spectrophotometrically. The sensitivity threshold of the method is 1 µg/ml.     

Quantification of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and tripolyphosphates in solid commercial samples of detergents

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used for the quantitative determination of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and tripolyphosphate in solid commercial samples of detergents. The only sample treatment consisted of a separation with ethanol. Dodecylbenzenesulfonate was dissolved and tripolyphosphate remained in the insoluble fraction. The method consisted of transmission measurements of KBr pellets. Precision, recovery and determination using both calibration line and standard addition have been optimized. The determination of dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been compared with the UV method.     

Quantitative Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry--the determination of creatinine by isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Accurate quantitation has been demonstrated on many different types of mass spectrometer. However, quantitative applications of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) have been limited. In this study, the quantitative potential of FTICRMS has been investigated using an exact matching isotope dilution method for the determination of creatinine in serum. Creatinine is an important clinical biomarker and its measurement is used as an assessment of renal function. The quantitation of creatinine was selected because a high-accuracy high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) determination using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer has already been successfully developed in-house. Therefore, a direct comparison of the quantitative capability of FTICRMS could be made against an established method. The accuracy of the quantitation of creatinine was found to be equivalent to that obtained using LC/MS. However, the expanded measurement uncertainty (k = 2) was larger, at 6%, when using FTICRMS compared with 1% when using HPLC/MS with the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.     

Controlled potential lodometric determination of nitrate after reduction to nitrite by coppered cadmium

A controlled-potential coulometric iodometric method previously developed for the accurate determination of small amounts of nitrite has been extended for the determination of nitrate after its reduction on a coppered cadmium reductor. The conditions for quantitative reduction have been investigated with respect to type of reductor and pH. Nitrate-nitrogen in the range 0.01-100 mug ml may be determined with high accuracy in less than 10 min, including the reduction step. The method has been applied with good results to a large variety of samples such as meat products, juices and waste waters.     

Chromium in human serum determined by proton activation

A method for Cr determination in biological samples based on proton nuclear activation is presented. The activation was induced by a 13.8 MeV proton beam of the AVF Cyclotron of Milan University via a (p, n) reaction on the nuclei of the target. For the quantitative determination Cd has been chosen as reference element. The method has been applied to Cr determination in human serum samples. The experimental procedure is described and results are presented and discussed.     

Extension of the isotopic method for the determination of oxygen in titanium

Our method of isotopic elementary analysis has recently been applied to the determination of oxygen in metals. It is now extended to the determination of oxygen in titanium in the low range of 0.04 to 0,2 weight percent oxygen. The method has the great advantage that it gives quantitative results without a quantitative separation of oxygen in any form. In the samples analyzed it was found that the alternative vacuum-fusion method gives results which are 9–13% too low.