单茂钛催化剂催化丁烯-1聚合及高分子量无规聚丁烯-1的合成与表征

Kaminsky等 [1,2 ] 用二茂基 ( Cp,Ind,Flu)过渡金属 ( Ti,Zr和 Hf)化合物 /MAO催化剂催化丁烯 - 1聚合 ,得到间规 -等规或间规 -等规 -无规的混合物 ,聚合物的分子量为 5 0 0 0 0至 1 5 0 0 0 0 .Rossi[3] 用( CH3) 2 Si( H4 Ind) 2 Zr Cl2 /MAO研究了丁烯 - 1的等规聚合 ,产物分子量仅 2 0 0 0左右 .林尚安等[4 ,5] 采用单茂钛催化剂 Cp* Ti( OBz) 3/MAO催化丁烯 - 1聚合 ,产物为立体多嵌段聚丁烯 - 1 .但目前尚未见到有关采用茂金属催化剂催化丁烯 - 1聚合制备高分子量无规弹性体聚丁烯 - 1的报道 .我们用单茂钛 Cp* Ti( OC…     

高等规聚丁烯-1合成工艺研究进展

高等规聚丁烯-1以其优异的综合性能,得到了日益广泛的关注和研究。从催化剂体系出发,本文评述了合成高等规聚丁烯-1的Ziegler-Natta催化剂体系和茂金属催化剂体系的催化剂组成及其催化丁烯-1聚合的催化特征,综述了合成高等规聚丁烯-1的聚合工艺,包括淤浆法、液相本体法(均相和非均相)和气相法,详细介绍了三种聚合工艺的特点,并重点介绍了液相本体法合成高等规聚丁烯-1的工艺优缺点,指明了今后高等规聚丁烯-1合成工艺的发展趋势。     

几个制备因素对低镍甲烷化催化剂结构和性能的影响

对Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂体系的制备方法与其结构和性能的关系已有不少研究报道,文献多侧重于比较各不同制备方法之间的差异,对同一方法的各步骤条件的影响研究尚不多,且缺少微观结构与宏观性能的直接关联。为此,本文研究了某些制备因素对低含Ni量Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响,旨在找出制备条件-结构状态-催化性能之间的联系,为催化剂的有效设计提供依据。     

PP/PB-1釜内合金的升温淋洗分级及级份表征

基于反应器颗粒技术制备的聚丙烯(PP)/聚丁烯-1(PB-1)釜内合金,其结构与组成,特别是嵌段共聚物级份的组成、分布、链序列结构等受两段聚合条件的影响较大.本文采用溶剂抽提法和升温淋洗分级法,对中试合成的两种PP/PB-1釜内合金进行分级,采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、高温核磁碳谱(13C-NMR)、高温凝胶渗透色谱...     

溶剂性质对溶剂蒸气加速等规聚丁烯-1相转变的影响

以50℃等温结晶后的等规聚丁烯-1(PB-1)为研究对象,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和示差扫描量热技术(DSC)对不同溶剂蒸气处理的PB-1进行分析,并用原位XRD在线研究了溶剂熏蒸聚丁烯-1的Ⅱ-Ⅰ相转变过程.XRD与DSC结果表明除了水和醇类溶剂,其他大多数溶剂如正己烷、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、...     

硅胶负载聚乙烯基吡啶—钯催化剂的制备及其催化加氢性能的研究

利用硅胶表面的弱酸性和吸附性能,将某些碱性聚合物吸附在硅胶表面上,然后与PdCl_2络合,经还原,合成了硅胶负载的聚乙烯基吡啶-钯催化剂。用XPS、UV-Vis、电子显微镜等手段研究了催化剂的结构,观察了制备条件、组成等因素对其性能的影响。研究了各种反应条件与催化剂活性的关系及催化剂的稳定性和使用寿命。合成的催化剂对丙烯酸甲酯等底物具有很高的催化加氢活性。     

钌基氨合成催化剂的制备方法

与铁催化剂相比较,钌基氨合成催化剂具有低温、低压、高活性的特点。对于不同的载体、制备方法和制备条件对催化剂性能影响较大。本文从载体的前处理、活性组分钌和助剂的加入方式等方面简要阐述了钌基氨合成催化剂制备方法的研究进展,介绍了熔融法、升华法、离子交换法、超声法、沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、浸渍法、微波辅助法等钌基氨合成催化剂制备方法,指出了一些制备方法的不足之处,并展望了钌基氨合成催化剂制备方法的研究方向。     

用于制备齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的氯化镁载体

氯化镁载体型齐格勒-纳塔催化剂具有高活性、聚合物形态可控等优点,是目前聚烯烃工业中最普遍使用的催化剂。氯化镁载体是此类催化剂的主要组份之一,对载体型齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的研发具有重要意义。氯化镁载体制备技术是氯化镁载体型齐格勒-纳塔催化剂研发的关键技术之一。本文简要介绍了载体型齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的发展历程,从氯化镁的结构出发分析了氯化镁作为载体的优势,重点介绍了氯化镁载体制备的关键技术:氯化镁活化方法和载体形态控制方法,尤其是球形氯化镁载体的成形技术。     

4-甲基-1-戊烯与烯烃共聚用催化剂的研究进展

4-甲基-1-戊烯(4M1P)是烯烃工业中一种重要的支链α-烯烃,它的主要用途是用于制备均聚物和共聚物。虽然绝大部分4M1P共聚物尚未进入工业化生产阶段,但由于共聚物作为一类新型的合成树脂具有突出的力学性能和光学性能,已成为国外聚烯烃领域的一个研究热点。本文阐述了4M1P与烯烃共聚反应催化剂包括Ziegler-Natta催化剂、茂金属催化剂及后过渡金属催化剂的开发研究现状;重点阐述了催化剂的结构对共聚物分子结构的影响;同时也简要介绍了二亚胺镍催化剂催化4M1P共聚反应作用机理,展望了这一领域的发展趋势。为开发高端聚烯烃新材料提供参考。     

乙烯齐聚合成线性α-烯烃镍系催化剂

利用SHOP型工艺由乙烯齐聚制备线性α-烯烃不仅具有工业应用价值,而且具有很高的学术意义。SHOP型工艺的工业化引起了人们对基于P^∩O配位型及其他配位型镍催化剂的广泛的研究兴趣。镍系催化剂具有活性高、选择性好、产品分布可调、反应条件温和等优良性能。本文介绍了镍系催化剂的类型和性能等,并对影响催化性能的因素进行了分析。     

二醚类Ziegler-Natta催化剂及其催化丙烯聚合的研究进展

Ziegler-Natta催化剂是聚丙烯工业中使用的主要催化剂.Ziegler-Natta催化剂的不断革新和发展推动着聚丙烯技术的进步.本文综述了以二醚为内给电子体制备的Ziegler-Natta催化剂的催化性能、结构性能关系以及催化机理.     

水相配位催化烯烃聚合的新进展*

水相催化研究已经成为近年来化学反应研究的热点课题.烯烃聚合领域中水相自由基乳液聚合和悬浮聚合等方法早已工业化,而前过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂对水气敏感,水相烯烃配位聚合发展缓慢.低亲氧性、高活性的后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂的出现使水相催化成为可能.本文综述了后过渡金属催化剂水相催化烯烃配位聚合的一些新进展,内容包括乙烯、α-烯烃、环烯烃、二烯烃的聚合反应和环烯烃的开环聚合反应以及CO/烯烃的共聚反应等方面.     

Structure and reactivity of Ziegler-Natta catalyst intermediates

This paper provides a survey of our recent research on chemistry that occurs among components of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Since the amount of information regarding this topic is enormous we have focused on alkoxo compounds, which are attracting more and more attention in polymer industry. In this concept article we discuss recent studies on the inherently very complex catalyst system that involve isolation of various solid polynuclear metal-containing species, determination of their structures by X-ray crystallography, and relating their structures to the activity in polymerization. The presented research may be useful in predicting trends for the development of new single-site catalysts as well as new co-catalysts.     

烯烃配位聚合催化剂的研究进展

较全面地综述了配位聚合催化剂和聚合机理的研究进展:高效Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化丙烯、乙烯等烯烃高效聚合,可合成多种高性能聚烯烃,等规聚丙烯的等规度大于98.5%,不同结构和性能的聚乙烯包括线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、超低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、双/宽峰分布聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)和超低密度双/宽峰分布聚乙烯等;茂金属催化剂催化苯乙烯、乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯等烯烃的均聚合和共聚合,并概括了其聚合机理;非茂金属催化剂合成多组分、多立体结构嵌段的聚烯烃,极性聚烯烃及超支化聚烯烃等,介绍了链行走和链穿梭机理。展望了配位聚合的发展趋势,认为聚合过程的环境友好、产品使用过程的环境友好、聚烯烃的高性能化和功能化是从事配位聚合工作的全体人员努力的方向。     

A new mechanism for the transition metal catalyzed copolymerization of conjugated dienes with olefins: The double coordination mechanism

We have focused our interest on the ethylene- butadiene copolymerizations catalyzed with Ziegler-Natta type catalysts. The catalysts used are MgCl₂ supported titanium catalysts. The main features of these copolymerizations (stereospecificity of the butadiene enchainments, multiblock structure, gel formation) cannot be rationalized on the basis of the Cossee mechanism. We propose a new model: The double coordination mechanism. It explains all the phenomena observed. Experimental confirmations will be presented in this paper.     

STUDY ON 1-HEXENE POLYMERIZATION BASED ON ZIEGLER-NATTA CATALYSTS WITH DOPED SUPPORT

A series of Ti/Mg supported catalysts are prepared by using ball-milled mixtures of MgCl2-ethanol adducts and NaCl as supports, and 1-hexene polymerizations catalyzed by the novel catalysts are studied. It is found that the molecular weight distribution of poly(1-hexene) becomes apparently narrower when catalysts with doped supports are used, indicating that changing the structure of the support is an effective way to regulate the active center distribution of heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst.     

High Melting Point of Linear,Spiral Polyethylene Nanofibers and Polyethylene Microspheres Obtained Through Confined Polymerization by a PPM-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalyst

In this work, different types of polyethylene (linear, spiral nanofibers and microspheres) were obtained via confined polymerization by a PPM-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Firstly, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst was chemical bonded inside the porous polymer microspheres (PPMs) supports with different pore diameter and supports size through chemical reaction. Then slightly and highly confined polymerization occurred in the PPM-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. SEM results illustrated that the slightly confined polymerization was easy to obtain linear and spiral nanofibers, and the nanofibers were observed in polyethylene catalyzed by PPMs-1#/cat and PPMs-2#/cat with low pore diameter (about 23 nm). Furthermore, the highly confined polymerization produced polyethylene microspheres, which obtained through other PPM-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts with high pore diameter. In addition, high second melting point (T_m2: up to 143.3 °C) is a unique property of the polyethylene obtained by the PPM-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst after removing the residue through physical treatment. The high T_m2 was ascribed to low surface free energy (σ_e), which was owing to the entanglement of polyethylene polymerized in the PPMs supports with interconnected multi-modal pore structure.     

Polymerization of acetylenic derivatives. XXVII. Synthesis and properties of isomeric poly-N-ethynylcarbazole

Poly-N-ethynylcarbazole (PEC) was prepared thermally, by using Ziegler-Natta catalysts, and also by using TiCl₄ and phosphine complexes for initiation. The spectral data (infrared, NMR, x-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet) were best interpreted based on a cis-transoidal/cis-cisoidal stereoblock structure for (both soluble and insoluble) polymers prepared by Ziegler-Natta catalysts and on a trans-cisoidal structure for the polymers prepared with the other catalysts. The cis-transoidal/cis-cisoidal stereoblock structure isomerized thermally into a trans-cisoidal structure, at temperatures which were dependent on the type of initiation.     

Preparation and characterization of spherical PP/PB alloys with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst

Polypropylene（PP）/polybutene-1（PB） alloys within reactor were prepared by MgCl₂-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst with sequential two-stage polymerization technology.First,propylene homo-polymerizations were carried out to form isotactic polypropylene（iPP） particles containing active catalyst.Then,butene-1 was subsequently polymerized to form polybutene-1 phase inside the iPP particles.Finally,iPP/PB alloys with spherical shape and adjustable PB content were synthesized.The catalytic activity and catalytic stereospecificity of the Z-N catalyst in the two-stage polymerization process are discussed.The composition and physical properties of the PP alloys were characterized by FT-IR,¹³C-NMR,SEM,DSC and XRD.It was found that the in-reactor PP alloys are mainly composed of PP and PB with a little amount of poly（butene-co -propylene） random copolymers and poly（butene-block-propylene） block copolymers.SEM measurements verified that the PB phases with size in the range of 300-400 nm dispersed in the PP matrix uniformly.The incorporation of PB upon the PP matrix affects the properties of final products greatly.