Resurgent Transseries and the Holomorphic Anomaly

The gauge theoretic large N expansion yields an asymptotic series which requires a nonperturbative completion to be well defined. Recently, within the context of random matrix models, it was shown how to build resurgent transseries solutions encoding the full nonperturbative information beyond the ’t Hooft genus expansion. On the other hand, via large N duality, random matrix models may be holographically described by B-model closed topological strings in local Calabi–Yau geometries. This raises the question of constructing the corresponding holographically dual resurgent transseries, tantamount to nonperturbative topological string theory. This paper addresses this point by showing how to construct resurgent transseries solutions to the holomorphic anomaly equations. These solutions are built upon (generalized) multi-instanton sectors, where the instanton actions are holomorphic. The asymptotic expansions around the multi-instanton sectors have both holomorphic and anti-holomorphic dependence, may allow for resonance, and their structure is completely fixed by the holomorphic anomaly equations in terms of specific polynomials multiplied by exponential factors and up to the holomorphic ambiguities—which generalizes the known perturbative structure to the full transseries. In particular, the anti-holomorphic dependence has a somewhat universal character. Furthermore, in the non-perturbative sectors, holomorphic ambiguities may be fixed at conifold points. This construction shows the nonperturbative integrability of the holomorphic anomaly equations and sets the ground to start addressing large-order analysis and resurgent nonperturbative completions within closed topological string theory.     

Asymptotics of Weil–Petersson Geodesics I: Ending Laminations, Recurrence, and Flows

We define an ending lamination for a Weil–Petersson geodesic ray. Despite the lack of a natural visual boundary for the Weil–Petersson metric [Bro2], these ending laminations provide an effective boundary theory that encodes much of its asymptotic CAT(0) geometry. In particular, we prove an ending lamination theorem (Theorem 1.1) for the full-measure set of rays that recur to the thick part, and we show that the association of an ending lamination embeds asymptote classes of recurrent rays into the Gromov-boundary of the curve complex C(S){\mathcal{C}(S)}. As an application, we establish fundamentals of the topological dynamics of the Weil–Petersson geodesic flow, showing density of closed orbits and topological transitivity.     

A topological structure on a set of continous functions with various domains

We construct a topological space of continuous functions which generalizes the previously studied space of functions defined on closed intervals. For the new space, metrizability properties are studied. The results can be applied in the topological theory of ordinary differential equations. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 76–88, July, 1999.     

Δ-spaces

We introduce the notion of a Δ-space and argue that a complete subcategory of the categoryTOP ₀of all topological T₀-spaces, defined by Δ-spaces, is a subdirectly closed subcategory ofTOP ₀that contains many of the known denotational semantic categories of topological spaces as subdirectly closed subcategories. As a consequence, the affirmative answer is given to Scott’s question which inquires whether the category of bifinite domains is a complete subdirectly closed subcategory ofEQU. Supported jointly by RFFR grant No. 96-0-00976 and by DFG grant No. 436-11312670. Translated fromAlgebra i Logika, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 667–679, November–December, 1999.     

Quantum dissipative systems. II. String in a curved affine—Metric spacetime

A closed bosonic string in a curved affine—metric spacetime is considered as an example of dissipative quantum field theory. The conformal anomaly of the trace of the energy—momentum tensor for the string on the affine—metric manifold is investigated. The two-loop metric beta function for the two-dimensional nonlinear dissipative sigma model is calculated. Examples of nonflat manifolds that lead to ultraviolet-finite sigma models are found.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 38–46, October, 1994.     

Exact topological classification of Hamiltonian flows on smooth two-dimensional surfaces

The present paper contains an exact topological classification of all nondegenerate Hamiltonian systems on smooth closed two-dimensional surfaces. Bibliography: 8 titles. Published inZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 235, 1900, pp. 22–53.     

Iterative method for solving nonlinear integral equations describing rolling solutions in string theory

We consider a nonlinear integral equation with infinitely many derivatives that appears when a system of interacting open and closed strings is investigated if the nonlocality in the closed string sector is neglected. We investigate the properties of this equation, construct an iterative method for solving it, and prove that the method converges. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 146, No. 3, pp. 402–409, March, 2006.     

Four-manifolds with π<Subscript>1</Subscript>–free second homotopy

 We study the homotopy type of closed connected orientable topological 4–manifolds M with Λ–free second homotopy group, where Λ is the integral group ring of π₁(M). This is related with problem N.4.53 of [23], and extends some results proved for the class of closed 4–manifolds with free fundamental group [10][11]. Other applications on special classes of closed topological manifolds complete the paper. Received: 27 November 2001 / Revised version: 28 October 2002 Published online: 19 May 2003 Work performed under the auspices of the GNSAGA of the CNR of Italy and partially supported by Ministero per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica of Italy within the project Proprietà Geometriche delle Varietà Reali e Complesse, and by a research grant of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary: 57 N 65, 57 R 67; Secondary: 57 Q 10, 57 R 80     

Instanton Effects and Quantum Spectral Curves

We study a spectral problem associated to the quantization of a spectral curve arising in local mirror symmetry. The perturbative WKB quantization condition is determined by the quantum periods, or equivalently by the refined topological string in the Nekrasov–Shatashvili (NS) limit. We show that the information encoded in the quantum periods is radically insufficient to determine the spectrum: there is an infinite series of instanton corrections, which are non-perturbative in \({\hbar}\), and lead to an exact WKB quantization condition. Moreover, we conjecture the precise form of the instanton corrections: they are determined by the standard or unrefined topological string free energy, and we test our conjecture successfully against numerical calculations of the spectrum. This suggests that the non-perturbative sector of the NS refined topological string contains information about the standard topological string. As an application of the WKB quantization condition, we explain some recent observations relating membrane instanton corrections in ABJM theory to the refined topological string.     

Integrable many-body systems and gauge theories

We review the study of the relation between integrable many-body systems and gauge theories. We show that the degrees of freedom of integrable systems are related to the topological degrees of freedom of gauge theories. We also describe the relation between families of integrable systems and N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories. We show that the degrees of freedom of many-body systems can be identified with the collective coordinates of string theory solitons, theD-branes. This article was written at the request of the Editorial Board. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 3–56, October, 2000.     

Non-Abelian gauge theories,prepotentials, and Abelian differentials

We discuss particular solutions of integrable systems (starting from the well-known dispersionless KdV and Toda hierarchies) that most directly define the generating functions for the Gromov-Witten classes in terms of a rational complex curve. From the mirror theory standpoint, these generating functions can be identified with the simplest prepotentials of complex manifolds, and we present some new exactly calculable examples of such prepotentials. For higher-genus curves, which in this context correspond to non-Abelian gauge theories via the topological string/gauge duality, we construct similar solutions using an extended basis of Abelian differentials, generally with extra singularities at the branch points of the curve. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 159, No. 2, pp. 220–242, May, 2009.     

A topological prime quasi-radical

In this paper, we consider a topological prime quasi-radical μ(R), which is the intersection of closed prime ideals in a topological ring R. Examples are given that show that μ(R) is different from those topological analogs of the prime radical that have been studied earlier. The topological prime quasi-radicals of matrix rings and rings of polynomials are investigated. __________ Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 11–22, 2004.     

Poincaré families of <Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis>-bundles on a curve

Let G be a reductive group over an algebraically closed field k. Consider the moduli space of stable principal G-bundles on a smooth projective curve C over k. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Poincaré bundles over open subsets of this moduli space, and compute the orders of the corresponding obstruction classes. This generalizes the previous results of Newstead, Ramanan and Balaji–Biswas–Nagaraj–Newstead to all reductive groups, to all topological types of bundles, and also to all characteristics.     

Real structures of Teichmüller spaces, Dehn twists, and moduli spaces of real curves

An orientation reversing involution of a topological compact genus surface induces an antiholomorphic involution of the Teichmüller space of genus g Riemann surfaces. Two such involutions and are conjugate in the mapping class group if and only if the corresponding orientation reversing involutions and of are conjugate in the automorphism group of . This is equivalent to saying that the quotient surfaces and are homeomorphic. Hence the Teichmüller space has distinct antiholomorphic involutions, which are also called real structures of ([7]). This result is a simple fact that follows from Royden's theorem ([4]) stating that the the mapping class group is the full group of holomorphic automorphisms of the Teichmüller space (). Let and be two real structures that are not conjugate in the mapping class group. In this paper we construct a real analytic diffeomorphism such that This mapping d is a product of full and half Dehn–twists around certain simple closed curves on the surface . This has applications to the moduli spaces of real algebraic curves. A compact Riemann surface admitting an antiholomorphic involution is a real algebraic curve of the topological type . All fixed–points of the real structure of the Teichmüller space , are real curves of the above topological type and every real curve of that topological type is represented by an element of the fixed–point set of . The fixed–point set is the Teichmüller space of real algebraic curves of the corresponding topological type. Given two different real structures and , let d the the real analytic mapping satisfying (1). It follows that d maps onto and is an explicit real analytic diffeomorphism between these Teichmüller spaces. Received 8 December 1997; accepted 12 August 1998     

Topological regluing of rational functions

Regluing is a surgery that helps to build topological models for rational functions. It also has a holomorphic interpretation, with the flavor of infinite dimensional Thurston–Teichmüller theory. We will discuss a topological theory of regluing, and just trace a direction, in which a holomorphic theory can develop.     

Exponential stability of an elastic string with local Kelvin–Voigt damping

This paper is devoted to analyzing an elastic string with local Kelvin–Voigt damping. We prove the exponential stability of the system when the material coefficient function near the interface is smooth enough. Our method is based on the frequency method and semigroup theory.     

Topological classification of supertransitive flows on closed nonorientable surfaces. Part I. Necessary conditions for topological equivalence

In this paper a topological invariant is introduced for the class of supertransitive flows on closed nonorientable surfacesM of negative Euler characteristic. We describe properties of this invariant and prove that it provides necessary conditions for the topological equivalence of flows belonging to the above-mentioned class of supertransitive flows. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 461–470, September, 2000.     

Borel and Stokes Nonperturbative Phenomena in Topological String Theory and c = 1 Matrix Models

We address the nonperturbative structure of topological strings and c = 1 matrix models, focusing on understanding the nature of instanton effects alongside with exploring their relation to the large-order behavior of the 1/N expansion. We consider the Gaussian, Penner and Chern–Simons matrix models, together with their holographic duals, the c = 1 minimal string at self-dual radius and topological string theory on the resolved conifold. We employ Borel analysis to obtain the exact all-loop multi-instanton corrections to the free energies of the aforementioned models, and show that the leading poles in the Borel plane control the large-order behavior of perturbation theory. We understand the nonperturbative effects in terms of the Schwinger effect and provide a semiclassical picture in terms of eigenvalue tunneling between critical points of the multi-sheeted matrix model effective potentials. In particular, we relate instantons to Stokes phenomena via a hyperasymptotic analysis, providing a smoothing of the nonperturbative ambiguity. Our predictions for the multi-instanton expansions are confirmed within the trans-series set-up, which in the double-scaling limit describes nonperturbative corrections to the Toda equation. Finally, we provide a spacetime realization of our nonperturbative corrections in terms of toric D-brane instantons which, in the double-scaling limit, precisely match D-instanton contributions to c = 1 minimal strings.     

Nonlinear equations for p-adic open, closed, and open-closed strings

We investigate the structure of solutions of boundary value problems for a one-dimensional nonlinear system of pseudodifferential equations describing the dynamics (rolling) of p-adic open, closed, and open-closed strings for a scalar tachyon field using the method of successive approximations. For an open-closed string, we prove that the method converges for odd values of p of the form p = 4n+1 under the condition that the solution for the closed string is known. For p = 2, we discuss the questions of the existence and the nonexistence of solutions of boundary value problems and indicate the possibility of discontinuous solutions appearing. To Anatolii Alekseevich Logunov on his 80th birthday __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 149, No. 3, pp. 354–367, December, 2006.     

Lattice of subalgebras of the ring of continuous functions and Hewitt spaces

The latticeA(X) of all possible subalgebras of the ring of all continuous ℝ-valued functions defined on an ℝ-separated spaceX is considered. A topological space is said to be a Hewitt space if it is homeomorphic to a closed subspace of a Tychonoff power of the real line ℝ. The main achievement of the paper is the proof of the fact that any Hewitt spaceX is determined by the latticeA(X). An original technique of minimal and maximal subalgebras is applied. It is shown that the latticeA(X) is regular if and only ifX contains at most two points. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 687–693, November, 1997. Translated by A. I. Shtern