Dynamics of a rotating layer of an ideal electrically conducting incompressible fluid

A system of nonlinear partial differential equations is considered that models perturbations in a layer of an ideal electrically conducting rotating fluid bounded by spatially and temporally varying surfaces with allowance for inertial forces. The system is reduced to a scalar equation. The solvability of initial boundary value problems arising in the theory of waves in conducting rotating fluids can be established by analyzing this equation. Solutions to the scalar equation are constructed that describe small-amplitude wave propagation in an infinite horizontal layer and a long narrow channel.     

Boundary control and canonical realizations of a two-velocity dynamical system

The paper is devoted to the problems of controllability and realization for dynamical systems with various types of interacting waves that propagate with different velocities. One-velocity and a two-velocity dynamical systems are significantly different from the physical point of view. One can reconstruct a one-velocity system by its transfer function. For a two-velocity system a unique reconstruction is impossible. A procedure is proposed that allows us to construct by a transfer function of a two-velocity system a one-velocity system (a model) with the same transfer function. We give a “dynamical” interpretation for the triangular Krein factorization and for the corresponding construction of a triangular integral. For a transformation operator that connects a two-velocity system and its one-velocity model, a representation is given in terms of projectors on the accessible sets. Bibliography: 7 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 222, 1994, pp. 18–44.     

Numerical solution to a two-dimensional hypersingular integral equation and sound propagation in urban areas

A mathematical model of sound propagation from a noise source in urban areas is constructed. The exterior Neumann problem for the scalar Helmholtz equation is reduced to a system of hypersingular integral equations. A numerical method for solving the system of integral equations is described. The convergence of the quadrature formulas underlying the numerical method is estimated. Numerical results are presented for particular applications.     

A parameterized Newton method and a quasi-Newton method for nonsmooth equations

This paper presents a parameterized Newton method using generalized Jacobians and a Broyden-like method for solving nonsmooth equations. The former ensures that the method is well-defined even when the generalized Jacobian is singular. The latter is constructed by using an approximation function which can be formed for nonsmooth equations arising from partial differential equations and nonlinear complementarity problems. The approximation function method generalizes the splitting function method for nonsmooth equations. Locally superlinear convergence results are proved for the two methods. Numerical examples are given to compare the two methods with some other methods.This work is supported by the Australian Research Council.     

High-order accurate equations describing vibrations of thin bars

A method for deriving one-dimensional wave propagation equations in thin inhomogeneous anisotropic bars based on the mathematical homogenization theory for periodic media is used to obtain equations governing the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of a homogeneous circular bar. The equations are derived up to O(ε⁸) terms and take into account variable body forces and surface loads. Here, ε is the ratio of the bar’s typical thickness to the typical wavelength.     

Modeling and analysis of a two-phase thin film model with insoluble surfactant

In this paper we consider a two-phase thin film consisting of two immiscible viscous fluids endowed with a layer of insoluble surfactant on the surface of the upper fluid. The governing equations for the two film heights and the surfactant concentration are derived using a lubrication approximation. Taking gravitational forces into account but neglecting capillary effects, the resulting system of evolution equations is parabolic, strongly coupled, of second order and degenerated in the equations for the two film heights. Incorporating on the contrary capillary forces and neglecting the effects of gravitation, the system of evolution equations is parabolic, degenerated and of fourth-order for the film heights, strongly coupled to a second-order transport equation for the surfactant concentration. Local well-posedness and asymptotic stability are shown for both systems.     

Numerical study on bacterial flagellar bundling and tumbling in a viscous fluid using an immersed boundary method

The bundling and tumbling behavior of bacterial flagella in a viscous fluid has got immense significance in the field of biological fluid dynamics. In this paper we investigate the hydrodynamic interaction among two and more than two flagella in a viscous fluid based on an immersed boundary method. We model each helical flagellum by a number of triangular cross-sections with three immersed boundary (IB) points on each cross-section. Three types of elastic links are generated from each IB point to create an elastic network model of the flagellum and the first cross-section is modeled as the flagellar motor. The elastic forces are computed based on the elastic energy approach and the motor forces are obtained from the applied angular frequency of rotation of the motor. The Stokes equations governing the flow are solved on a staggered Cartesian grid system using a fractional-step based finite-volume method. It is observed that when two left-handed helical flagella rotate in the counter-clockwise direction, the resulting hydrodynamic interaction leads to bundling. When one of the flagella reverses the direction of rotation to clockwise the hydrodynamic interaction results in tumbling. During the bundling, the flagella wrap and intertwine each other, whereas during the tumbling they separate in an erratic way. There exists an exact combination of the handedness and rotational direction of the flagella to achieve the bundling. The bundling-to-tumbling behavior of the flagella is studied and it is concluded that the tumbling occurs faster than the bundling. Further, the hydrodynamic interaction among three flagella in a viscous fluid is studied for the cases of rotation in the same direction and in different directions. The bundling and tumbling behavior is well captured even for the case of multiple (more than two) flagella using the developed model.     

Derivation of equations of seismic and acoustic wave propagation and equations of filtration via homogenization of periodic structures

A linear system of differential equations describing a joint motion of elastic porous body and fluid occupying porous space is considered. Although the problem is linear, it is very hard to tackle due to the fact that its main differential equations involve nonsmooth oscillatory coefficients, both big and small, under the differentiation operators. The rigorous justification, under various conditions imposed on physical parameters, is fulfilled for homogenization procedures as the dimensionless size of the pores tends to zero, while the porous body is geometrically periodic. As the results for different ratios between physical parameters, we derive Biot’s equations of poroelasticity, a system consisting of nonisotropic Lamé’s equations for the solid component and acoustic equations for the liquid component, nonisotropic Lamé’s equations or equations of viscoelasticity for one-velocity continuum, decoupled system consisting of Darcy’s system of filtration or acoustic equations for the liquid component (first approximation) and nonisotropic Lamé’s equations for the solid component (second approximation), a system consisting of nonisotropic Stokes equations for the liquid component and acoustic equations for the solid component, nonisotropic Stokes equations for one-velocity continuum, or, finally a different type of acoustic equations for one- or two-velocity continuum. The proofs are based on Nguetseng’s two-scale convergence method of homogenization in periodic structures.     

Electromagnetic forces in high field magnet coils

There has been considerable study in recent years of the mechanical effects of the electromagnetic forces in large high field magnet coils. The problem of supporting the electromagnetic forces acting on the windings has become a limiting factor in the design of such magnets. Caldwell has already obtained a mathematical model representing the stress distribution in magnet windings but a number of simplifying assumptions were made in deriving the equations. This paper checks the accuracy of this method by comparing it with homogeneous thick cylinder theory which involves the calculation of stresses by solving the Timoshenko stress equations. Thus values of the circumferential stress are compared for two different coil configurations and reasonable agreement is obtained.     

Spatial Lanchester models

Lanchester equations have been widely used to model combat for many years, nevertheless, one of their most important limitations has been their failure to model the spatial dimension of the problems. Despite the fact that some efforts have been made in order to overcome this drawback, mainly through the use of Reaction–Diffusion equations, there is not yet a consistently clear theoretical framework linking Lanchester equations with these physical systems, apart from similarity. In this paper, a spatial modeling of Lanchester equations is conceptualized on the basis of explicit movement dynamics and balance of forces, ensuring stability and theoretical consistency with the original model. This formulation allows a better understanding and interpretation of the problem, thus improving the current treatment, modeling and comprehension of warfare applications. Finally, as a numerical illustration, a new spatial model of responsive movement is developed, confirming that location influences the results of modeling attrition conflict between two opposite forces.     

Finite-difference method for the Navier-Stokes equations in a variable domain with curved boundaries

A semi-implicit finite-difference scheme is proposed for solving the nonlinear viscous compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Coordinate transformations are constructed that yield a uniform mesh in the computational plane even though the physical domain under consideration is time-varying and curvilinear. The finite-difference scheme was tested using model examples.     

Global smooth resolvability for a model equations of fluid flow in a pipe

1. IntroductionWe consider here the existence of the global smooth (continuous) solution to the Cauchyproblem for the following quasilinear hyperbolic system modeling fluid flow in a pipe:Pt G., (1.1)Gi (D). P(p)' % = 0, (1 2)where p, G and p = p(p) denote, respectively, the mass density, the momentum density andthe pressure, f is the "Moody" friction factor (see [11 for details).The term --M accounts for the momentum loss due to viscous friction between thefluid and the pipe:all. S…     

Degenerate non-stationary differential equations with delay in Banach spaces

A generalization of the operator method by Grisvard is used to ensure weak and strict solutions to some degenerate differential equations with delay in Banach spaces, whose operator coefficients are time depending. Some applications to ordinary and partial differential equations with delay are described.     

Numerical solution of the Dirichlet problem for nonlinear parabolic equations by a probabilistic approach

A number of new layer methods for solving the Dirichlet problemfor semilinear parabolic equations are constructed by usingprobabilistic representations of their solutions. The methodsexploit the ideas of weak sense numerical integration of stochasticdifferential equations in a bounded domain. Despite their probabilisticnature these methods are nevertheless deterministic. Some convergencetheorems are proved. Numerical tests are presented.     

Monotonicity criteria for difference schemes designed for hyperbolic equations

Previously formulated monotonicity criteria for explicit two-level difference schemes designed for hyperbolic equations (S.K. Godunov’s, A. Harten’s (TVD schemes), characteristic criteria) are extended to multileveled, including implicit, stencils. The characteristic monotonicity criterion is used to develop a universal algorithm for constructing high-order accurate nonlinear monotone schemes (for an arbitrary form of the desired solution) based on their analysis in the space of grid functions. Several new fourth-to-third-order accurate monotone difference schemes on a compact three-level stencil and nonexpanding (three-point) stencils are proposed for an extended system, which ensures their monotonicity for both the desired function and its derivatives. The difference schemes are tested using the characteristic monotonicity criterion and are extended to systems of hyperbolic equations.     

Solutions of 2nd-order linear differential equations subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions in a Bernstein polynomial basis

An algorithm for approximating solutions to 2nd-order linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients in B-polynomials (Bernstein polynomial basis) subject to Dirichlet conditions is introduced. The algorithm expands the desired solution in terms of B-polynomials over a closed interval [0, 1] and then makes use of the orthonormal relation of B-polynomials with its dual basis to determine the expansion coefficients to construct a solution. Matrix formulation is used throughout the entire procedure. However, accuracy and efficiency are dependent on the size of the set of B-polynomials, and the procedure is much simpler compared to orthogonal polynomials for solving differential equations. The current procedure is implemented to solve five linear equations and one first-order nonlinear equation, and excellent agreement is found between the exact and approximate solutions. In addition, the algorithm improves the accuracy and efficiency of the traditional methods for solving differential equations that rely on much more complicated numerical techniques. This procedure has great potential to be implemented in more complex systems where there are no exact solutions available except approximations.     

A numerical scheme based on mean value solutions for the helmholtz equation on triangular grids

A numerical treatment for the Dirichlet boundary value problem on regular triangular grids for homogeneous Helmholtz equations is presented, which also applies to the convection-diffusion problems. The main characteristic of the method is that an accuracy estimate is provided in analytical form with a better evaluation than that obtained with the usual finite difference method. Besides, this classical method can be seen as a truncated series approximation to the proposed method. The method is developed from the analytical solutions for the Dirichlet problem on a ball together with an error evaluation of an integral on the corresponding circle, yielding accuracy. Some numerical examples are discussed and the results are compared with other methods, with a consistent advantage to the solution obtained here.

     

Method of boundary integral equations as applied to the numerical solution of the three-dimensional Dirichlet problem for the laplace equation in a piecewise homogeneous medium

A Dirichlet problem is considered in a three-dimensional domain filled with a piecewise homogeneous medium. The uniqueness of its solution is proved. A system of Fredholm boundary integral equations of the second kind is constructed using the method of surface potentials, and a system of boundary integral equations of the first kind is derived directly from Green’s identity. A technique for the numerical solution of integral equations is proposed, and results of numerical experiments are presented.     

偏差变元的二阶n-维p-Laplacian方程调和解的存在性

本文研究了一类具偏差变元的二阶n-维p-Laplacian方程调和解的存在性,在对阻尼项不作限制的前提下,利用拓扑度理论得到了存在调和解的新条件,改进了一些已有的结果.