旋转条件下热驱动换热效果比较研究

本文在涡轮叶片新型超级冷却技术机理研究的基础上,设计了旋转条件下带冷却通道的新型超级冷却与涡轮叶片粗糙肋强化冷却对比实验。主要研究了旋转条件下带冷却通道的新型超级冷却换热规律,对比研究了粗糙肋强化冷却换热效果,通过对两种冷却技术换热效果的对比分析,结果表明:基于热驱动理论的新型超级冷却技术具有较好的换热效果。     

横肋变截面U通道内换热特性的实验研究

本实验选取航空发动机涡轮叶片中段内部冷却通道为研究对象,对不同肋间距的横肋变截面U型通道的换热特性进行了研究。实验模型中,矩形肋对称布置在上下两个表面,肋高为1.5 mm,肋宽为2 mm,肋与流体流向夹角为90°。实验结果表明,当节距比为10时,通道的平均换热效果最佳,节距比为16.6时,通道的平均换热效果次之,节距比为13.3和20时,通道的平均换热效果相当,且较差。     

正四边形截面90°扭转通道发展段传热与阻力特性的研究

1引言燃气轮机中的叶片冷却问题现已成为传热学中一个重要研究领域。叶片内部冷却通道结构比较复杂，沿翼弦方向各通道截面形状及面积不同，在径向通道截面还在变化，并且有扭转。自80年代以来，叶片内部冷却的研究有比较大的进展［‘－‘］，但仅限于没有扭转的通道。那么，当通道扭转时与直通道有何区别呢？特别是索流发展段的传热与阻力特性的区别如何？文献卜6］研究了方形截面的扭转通道中层流充分发展段的与阻力与传热特性，发现对于换热来说，当四个壁面温度均匀时，传热并没有增强，还有所下降，但当四个壁面温度不同时，旋转的二次…     

燃气轮机涡轮叶片冷却通道内的流动与传热研究

本文用实验方法研究了冷却气流在放入一倍模型涡轮叶片内通道的压力分布、冷热态阻力及局部换热系数分布。     

非对称蛇形旋转通道换热及流场数值研究

为了深入了解空冷涡轮动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,采用商业软件CFX5对旋转状态下某涡轮动叶的非对称蛇形内冷通道模型中的湍流流动和换热性能进行了数值模拟.得到了各主要换热面的换热系数分布,分析了通道内的流动规律.发现肋片结构与旋转因素引起了通道内的横向二次流,使整体的换热能力得到了增强,其中非对称因素及旋转因素导致了各个壁面的换热性能的差异.     

旋转光滑U形通道内换热的三维模拟

数值模拟了旋转状态下涡轮叶片U形内冷通道湍流流场和温度场,分析了其换热的变化规律。结果表明,旋转状态下哥氏力、离心力和浮升力的共同作用使得流场相对于静态发生了较大的变化。总体上讲,旋转强化了换热。但是旋转使得换热能力在各个面分布不均,增加了温度梯度。     

重力场下单循环与双循环小通道热驱动比较研究

本文以实验的方法,对重力场下单循环与双循环小通道热驱动进行了比较研究。两者都是一端加热,一端冷却,利用彻体力场下流体的热驱动来实现换热。实验结果表明,在热流密度相同的情况下,双循环小通道比单循环具有更好的换热效果。因此,将微小循环通道换热运用于涡轮叶片的冷却时可以考虑采用双循环甚至多循环通道。     

高温涡轮叶片三种内冷通道冷却性能的实验研究

本文用实验方法研究了高温涡轮叶片三种内冷通道的压力分布、冷热态流阻及局部换热系数分布．叶片前部分别采用径向光滑通道、集中冲击冷却和分散冲击冷却三种结构，叶片后部则分别采用三排φ3扰流柱和五排φ2扰流柱稠密布置两种结构．对这三种结构进行了冷却性能比较，提出了该类冷却通道的最佳结构．     

瞬态液晶技术在涡轮叶片内部冷却研究中的应用

瞬态液晶测量技术能有效测量物体表面的换热系数,目前已经在传热研究中得到了广泛的应用。本文重点介绍了该测量方法在高温涡轮叶片内部冷却传热研究中的实验过程及应用。对内部冷却U型通道的传热研究表明:气膜抽吸作用下,通道内孔附近的传热得到强化,但区域平均传热系数变化不大;同时抽吸能使带肋通道中的压力损失有所降低。为了满足叶片冷却设计中对传热和压力损失的不同要求,改变弯头区的结构形式是一种有效的手段。实验结果进一步表明,瞬态液晶测量方法能准确地测量内部冷却通道中的传热分布,能为测量和优化涡轮叶片内部冷却传热特性提供可靠的数据支持。     

离散倾斜肋的传热强化及流动特性

本文以高湿透平叶片中腔内部冷却为应用背景，对两相对壁面具有三维离散斜肋的方形收敛通道内的传热进行了实验研究。本文获得的详尽的局部换热系数图谱、平均换热系数及复杂的近壁流场，可用于强化传热的设计。     

出流角对旋转涡轮叶片前缘气膜冷却影响

基于频闪拍照和稳态液晶测温技术,实验研究了不同气膜孔出流角对旋转态整级涡轮叶片前缘外壁面的气膜冷却特性的影响。实验中,叶片前缘处的主流雷诺数为6.3378×104。实验转速为574 r/min,对应的旋转数为0.0018。平均吹风比从0.5变化到1.25。射流采用N2,其对应的密度比为1.04。结果表明:展向平均气膜冷效是随吹风比的增加而单调增加的,其中最佳吹风比为M=1.25。对于所有吹风比,在-4.3相似文献   

气膜孔角度对动叶前缘冲击/气膜复合冷却的影响

本文针对GE-E3第一级动叶前缘的冲击/气膜复合冷却结构进行了热流耦合数值研究.采用标准k-ω湍流模型,分析了前缘气膜孔对称布置时,其角度对透平动叶前缘冲击/气膜复合冷却特性的影响;在五种冷气质量流量比(MFR=0005,0.010, 0.016, 0.020, 0.025)下,研究了气膜孔在不同角度(β=20°,25...     

Mitigation of edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades by means of roller dampers

Edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades are lightly damped, and large amplitude vibrations induced by the turbulence may significantly shorten the fatigue life of the blade. This paper investigates the performance of roller dampers for mitigation of edgewise vibrations in rotating wind turbine blades. Normally, the centrifugal acceleration of the rotating blade can reach to a magnitude of 7–8g, which makes it possible to use this kind of damper with a relatively small mass ratio for suppressing edgewise vibrations effectively. The parameters of the damper to be optimized are the mass ratio, the frequency ratio, the coefficient of rolling friction and the position of the damper in the blade. The optimization of these parameters has been carried out on a reduced 2-DOF nonlinear model of the rotating wind turbine blade equipped with a roller damper in terms of a ball or a cylinder, ignoring the coupling with other degrees of freedom of the wind turbine. The edgewise modal loading on the blade has been calculated from a more sophisticated 13-DOF aeroelastic wind turbine model with due consideration to the indicated couplings, the turbulence and the aerodynamic damping. Various turbulence intensities and mean wind speeds have been considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the roller damper in reducing edgewise vibrations when the working conditions of the wind turbine are changed. Further, the optimized roller damper is incorporated into the 13-DOF wind turbine model to verify the application of the decoupled optimization. The results indicate that the proposed damper can effectively improve the structural response of wind turbine blades.     

涡轮叶顶冷却布置对叶顶传热冷却性能的影响

本文采用数值模拟的方法,对比分析了1+1/2对转涡轮四种不同的叶顶冷却布置方案对叶顶传热、冷却性能以及气动特性的影响。四种布置方案分别是:靠近压力面垂直叶顶方向、靠近压力面且与叶顶有30°出射角、中弧线位置垂直叶顶方向、中弧线位置有30°出射角。研究表明,气膜孔沿压力面布置与气膜孔沿中弧线布置相比可以降低叶顶传热系数;由于气膜孔倾斜布置气膜射流动量降低,且削弱了肾形涡的影响,气膜的侧向覆盖范围增大。因此气膜孔靠近压力面布置可以提高气膜冷却效率;气膜孔靠近压力面且有30°出射角比垂直布置叶顶热负荷减少2.7%。另外,气膜孔靠近压力面布置可以降低主流的泄漏流量,有利于减小泄漏损失和提高涡轮效率。     

锯齿尾缘降噪翼型优化设计研究

大量研究工作表明旋转风电叶片的主要气动噪声来自叶尖尾缘区域,一直以来都是严重影响居民生活和叶片气动性能发挥的重要因素之一.为此,针对决定叶片重要气动特性单元——二维翼型,采用有别于传统的仿猫头鹰翅膀锯齿尾缘流动控制方法,将锯齿关键尺寸参数融入到风力机翼型设计之中,从而开发仿生锯齿翼型的优化设计方法,获得低噪声与高气动性...     

基于数字图像相关技术的风电叶片静态特性试验研究

进行了风电叶片双轴静载试验,全程采用数字图像相关技术监测其全场三维变形。结果表明,在各工况荷载作用下,风电叶片的三维位移分布具有良好规律,而应变分布则无明显规律。3个方向位移中,平面外位移远大于平面内位移。双轴荷载作用下,风电叶片挥舞方向位移与摆振方向位移均随加载等级增大而增大。在风电叶片全场范围内,挥舞方向位移沿叶片展向逐渐增大,直至叶尖达到最大值。叶片各点的摆振方向位移均为负位移,负位移最大值出现在叶片中部。在叶根至41%叶长(55 cm)区域内,叶片各工况下的展向位移几乎接近于0;而在41%叶长至叶尖区域,当荷载较小时,叶片迎风面纤维的受拉伸长量大于平面外弯曲的展向位移分量而产生正位移;随着荷载增大,叶片平面外弯曲变形的展向位移分量大于迎风面纤维的受拉伸长量而产生负位移。     

谱分析法测量叶尖小翼对风轮旋转时固有频率的影响

风力机叶尖加小翼,在一定范围内可以增加风力发电机的输出功率,提高功率系数.本文通过应用谱分析法测量风力机风轮旋转时机头的振动谱,通过分析得到了风轮动频,应用动频曲线研究了风力机叶尖小翼对风轮固有频率的影响.实验表明,叶尖小翼虽然降低了风轮静频但通过增大离心力和气动力提高了动频.叶尖小翼可以改善旋转风轮的结构动态特性.     

海上风电叶片智能控制实验系统研制及控制效果分析

随着风力机大型化发展,叶片尾缘襟翼控制技术,作为叶片流场主动控制的一种有效手段,能够有效、快速、灵活地降低叶片载荷,提高风力机,特别是大型风力机的可靠性、经济性,该技术受到国内外的广泛关注.为深入了解叶片襟翼实际作用效果及降载机制,在大量数值仿真计算工作基础上,需进一步开展带有襟翼控制的模型风力机风洞实验工作.本文在相...     

Investigation on the Flow Field Entropy Structure of Non-Synchronous Blade Vibration in an Axial Turbocompressor

In order to explore the inducing factors and mechanism of the non-synchronous vibration, the flow field structure and its formation mechanism in the non-synchronous vibration state of a high speed turbocompressor are discussed in this paper, based on the fluid–structure interaction method. The predicted frequencies f_BV (4.4EO), f_AR (9.6EO) in the field have a good correspondence with the experimental data, which verify the reliability and accuracy of the numerical method. The results indicate that, under a deviation in the adjustment of inlet guide vane (IGV), the disturbances of pressure in the tip diffuse upstream and downstream, and maintain the corresponding relationship with the non-synchronous vibration frequency of the blade. An instability flow that developed at the tip region of 90% span emerged due to interactions among the incoming main flow, the axial separation backflow, and the tip leakage vortices. The separation vortices in the blade passage mixed up with the tip leakage flow reverse at the trailing edge of blade tip, presenting a spiral vortex structure which flows upstream to the leading edge of the adjacent blade. The disturbances of the spiral vortexes emerge to rotate at 54.5% of the rotor speed in the same rotating direction as a modal oscillation. The blade vibration in the turbocompressor is found to be related to the unsteadiness of the tip flow. The large pressure oscillation caused by the movement of the spiral vortex is regarded as the one of the main drivers for the non-synchronous vibration for the present turbocompressor, besides the deviation in the adjustment of IGV.     

Long distance laser ultrasonic propagation imaging system for damage visualization

Wind turbine blade failure is the most prominent and common type of damage occurring in operating wind turbine systems. Conventional nondestructive testing systems are not available for in situ wind turbine blades. We propose a portable long distance ultrasonic propagation imaging (LUPI) system that uses a laser beam targeting and scanning system to excite, from a long distance, acoustic emission sensors installed in the blade. An examination of the beam collimation effect using geometric parameters of a commercial 2 MW wind turbine provided Lamb wave amplitude increases of 41.5 and 23.1 dB at a distance of 40 m for symmetrical and asymmetrical modes, respectively, in a 2 mm-thick stainless steel plate. With this improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, a feasibility study of damage detection was conducted with a 5 mm-thick composite leading edge specimen. To develop a reliable damage evaluation system, the excitation/sensing technology and the associated damage visualization algorithm are equally important. Hence, our results provide a new platform based on anomalous wave propagation imaging (AWPI) methods with adjacent wave subtraction, reference wave subtraction, reference image subtraction, and the variable time window amplitude mapping method. The advantages and disadvantages of AWPI algorithms are reported in terms of reference data requirements, signal-to-noise ratios, and damage evaluation accuracy. The compactness and portability of the proposed UPI system are also important for in-field applications at wind farms.