聚L-精氨酸修饰电极存在下同时测定多巴胺和肾上腺素

用循环伏安法制备了聚L-精氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺和肾上腺素在修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了同时测定多巴胺和肾上腺素的新方法。在pH7.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为0.276V和0.059V;肾上腺素在修饰电极上产生3个氧化峰和一个还原峰,峰电位分别为0.262V、0.121V、-0.126V和-0.316V(对Ag/AgCl电极)。多巴胺和肾上腺素同时存在时ΔEpc=375mV,用还原峰对多巴胺和肾上腺素同时测定的线性范围分别为8.0×10-7~5.0×10-4mol/L和5.0×10-7~5.0×10-5mol/L;检出限分别为3.0×10-7mol/L和1.0×10-7mol/L。大量的抗坏血酸和尿酸不干扰测定,用于人尿液中多巴胺和肾上腺素样品的同时测定,结果满意。     

钯掺杂聚精氨酸修饰电极同时测定5-羟基色氨酸和多巴胺

制备了钯掺杂聚L-精氨酸修饰玻碳电极(Pd-PA/GCE),研究了5-羟基色氨酸(5-HTP)和多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了同时测定5-HTP和DA的电化学新方法。在pH=2.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为160mV/s时,DA在该电极上产生一对氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为0.515V和0.464V;5-HTP在该电极上产生一个氧化峰,峰电位为0.643V,两者的氧化峰电位差达128mV。在最优条件下,同时测定5-HTP和DA的线性范围分别为:9.00×10-7~1.00×10-5 mol/L、1.00×10-5~4.00×10-5 mol/L(5-HTP);7.00×10-7~1.00×10-5 mol/L、1.00×10-5~4.00×10-5 mol/L(DA)。检出限分别为7.0×10-7 mol/L和5.0×10-7 mol/L。方法可用于药剂中5-HTP和DA的测定。     

聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极循环伏安法测定药剂中的多巴胺

用循环伏安法制备了聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究多巴胺在聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定多巴胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为150mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~0.6V时,多巴胺在聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极上出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=0.175V,Epc=0.146V(相对饱和甘汞电极);测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-3~1.0×10-5mol/L和1.0×10-5~8.0×10-9mol/L,方法检出限1.0×10-9mol/L。用于药剂中多巴胺的测定。     

银掺杂聚L-酪氨酸修饰电极同时测定多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸

用循环伏安法制备银掺杂聚L-酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸在其电极上的电化学行为,建立了同时测定多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸的新方法。当3种组分共存时,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH6.0)中,扫描速率为140mV/s,多巴胺和肾上腺素在修饰电极上分别产生还原峰,峰电位分别为0.198和-0.205V,多巴胺和肾上腺素氧化峰重叠,峰电位为0.313V(vs.Ag/AgCl);抗坏血酸产生一个氧化峰,峰电位0.108V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。多巴胺和肾上腺素的ΔEpc=0.403V,抗坏血酸的氧化峰与多巴胺和肾上腺素的ΔEpa=0.205V,用还原峰和氧化峰可同时测定多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸,3种组分同时测定的线性范围分别为5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L,8.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L和3.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol/L;检出限分别为5.0×10-7,8.0×10-7和5.0×10-6mol/L。本方法用于人尿液中多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸的同时测定,结果满意。     

聚4-氨基丁酸修饰电极的制备及其对多巴胺的测定

应用电聚合的方法以4-氨基丁酸(4-ABA)为修饰剂,将4-ABA聚合在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制得聚4-氨基丁酸修饰电极(P-4-ABA/GCE),并用于多巴胺(DA)的检测。在pH 5.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PP)中,DA在0.488V处出现一灵敏的氧化峰,氧化峰电流与DA浓度在9.1×10-8～6.7×10-5mol/L范围内呈现线性关系。检出限为3.0×10-8mol/L。制备的修饰电极,可应用于针剂中多巴胺含量的测定。     

聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对多巴胺的测定

制备了聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管(PPy/MWNT)复合膜修饰电极。研究了神经递质多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明,PPy/MWNT复合膜修饰电极对DA的电催化作用优于PPy修饰电极。在pH=4.10的0.2mol/L醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,DA在该修饰电极上的CV曲线于0.31V和0.28V处出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位差△Ep比裸玻碳电极降低58mV,比PPy修饰电极降低28mV,峰电流显著增加。氧化峰电流ipa与DA浓度在1.0×10-4~7.8×10-8mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.2512 1.2300C(×10-5mol/L),相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为3.9×10-8mol/L。常见物质对DA的检测无干扰,DA注射液样品检测回收率为94%~104%。     

银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的测定

利用循环伏安法将银与L-天冬氨酸聚合修饰在玻碳电极表面,制成银掺杂聚L-天冬氨酸修饰电极,研究了多巴胺在此电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定多巴胺的新方法.在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS, pH 7.0)中,扫描速率为50 mV/s时,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对氧化还原峰,Epa=0.191 V,Epc=0.161 V.用循环伏安法进行测定时,峰电流与多巴胺浓度分别在3.0×10-7 ～1.0×10-5 mol/L和1.0×10-5 ～5.0×10-4 mol/L内呈良好的线性关系; 检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L.用于药物和尿样中多巴胺的测定,结果满意.     

聚L-组氨酸修饰碳黑微电极的制备及多巴胺的测定

用电聚合法制备了聚L-组氨酸修饰碳黑微电极,研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明:该修饰电极对神经递质多巴胺的电化学氧化有显著的催化作用,采用二次导数线性扫描伏安法对多巴胺进行测定,在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在0.15 V处产生一灵敏的氧化峰,多巴胺的氧化峰电流与浓度在4.0×10-8~1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)为1.0×10-8mol/L。该聚合物修饰电极具有良好的选择性,能有效地排除抗坏血酸对测定的影响,用于人工合成样品的分析。     

抗坏血酸在聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极上的催化电氧化行为

通过循环伏安(CV)制备了聚对羟基苯甲酸(poly-PHB)修饰的玻碳电极. 考察了电极对抗坏血酸(AA)电氧化的催化性能. 结果显示,聚对羟基苯甲酸修饰玻碳电极对AA氧化有很好的电催化作用. 在修饰电极上产生的峰电流比在未修饰电极上产生的氧化峰电流大4倍,氧化峰电位负移205 mV. 氧化峰电流与AA浓度在2.6×10-5～3.68 ×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.998 4,检测限为5×10-6 mol/L(S/N=3). 在AA与多巴胺(DA)共存的体系中,能排除DA对抗坏血酸测定的干扰.     

多巴胺在牛磺酸修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

采用电化学聚合法制备了牛磺酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺在聚牛磺酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定痕量多巴胺的新方法.在pH 7.2的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定,其氧化峰电流与多巴胺浓度在8.0×10-8～1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.