Spectral strip-element method for beams treated with active constrained layer damping

For vibration analysis of beams fully treated with active constrained layer damping (ACLD), a new approach called spectral strip-element method (SSEM) based on the spectral finite element method (SFEM) is proposed. It can avoid difficulties in solving the characteristic equation with higher orders and unknown parameters for wave numbers when using the SFEM; simultaneously, advantages of a very few elements and high accuracy of the SFEM are kept. A numerical example shows that the proposed method is very effective and reliable, compared with the exact solutions resulted from the spectral transfer matrix method (STMM).     

相变温控导热增强的多孔金属梯度优化设计

高孔隙率金属多孔材料比表面积大、导热性能好且掺混能力强,是理想的相变换热导热增强体材料。增材制造能够精准制备几何高度复杂的微结构,为多孔金属任意梯度设计提供可能。为实现更高的相变换热性能,建立了多孔金属相变温控导热增强的梯度优化设计模型。该优化模型以孔隙率分布为设计变量,以多孔金属用量为约束,以关键位置的温度最低为设计目标,基于考虑相变过程的多孔介质两方程模型为分析方法,通过遗传算法对优化模型进行求解。通过与实验结果的对比,验证了分析方法的有效性。两个具体算例证实了梯度设计能够大幅度提高多孔金属介质导热增强的相变温控性能。     

碾压混凝土浇筑层温度场计算模型研究

碾压混凝土浇筑层的初始温度和绝热温升是碾压混凝土坝设计中的常见问题之一,直接关系到温度场仿真计算的精度和计算量问题。本文考虑各碾压层混凝土浇筑时间和水化热散发时间的不同,应用Laplace变换法和叠加原理求出了多层板状结构体的一维温度场理论解答。然后以此解析解为基础,合并多个碾压层为一个浇筑层,建立了温度场等效模型,并给出了复合浇筑层的等效初始温度和等效绝热温升的计算方法。本文的方法能够较好地模拟碾压混凝土分层碾压的施工过程,便于温度场有限元计算,计算结果表明,该方法具有较高的精度。     

高维线性插值方法及其在3维温度场计算中的应用

通过分析1维和2维线性插值可以推导出任意斜角直线坐标系下n维线性插值的一般计算公式以及有唯一解的条件,这一结论能够应用于三维温度场计算。可以将n维插值问题归结如下:已知n 1维空间中的n 1个点的坐标以及第n 2个点的n个坐标分量xn 2,1,x n 2,2,,xn 2,n,求解该点的第n 1个坐标分量xn 2,n 1。根据线性插值定义,第n 2个点位于前n 1个点所确定的n维超平面上。根据这一条件列写方程、求解方程可得到插值xn 2,n 1。n维插值问题有唯一解的条件是已知的n 1个点在n维空间中构成的多面体的体积不为0。推导过程在斜角直线坐标系中完成,因而结论具有较大普适性。     

Numerical calculation of multiple scattering with the layer model

The optical measurement technique based on Mie scattering has been applied to various areas, in which single scattering at low particle concentration is assumed. Nevertheless, since multiple scattering is usually unavoidable in online measurements, we present in this work a multiple scattering calculation method, in which a layer model is employed. The three-dimensional particle system is divided into a pile of layers the number of which is automatically determined, depending on the obscuration of the particle system. The calculation is found to be fast, reasonable and reliable.     

竖直平面激波与水平热层作用后流场的理论计算方法研究

围绕竖直平面激波与固壁附近水平热层作用问题,提出了流动进入准自相似阶段后固壁附近流场参量的理论计算方法。与已有的Mirels方法相比,本文的方法在下列三个方面进行了改进：（1）舍弃“热层内激波速度与入射激波速度相等”的假定,分析了热层内激波的传播过程,并基于几何激波动力学理论计算热层内激波强度;（2）假定在与入射激波后流体而非入射激波阵面固连的坐标系中,波后流体在定常等熵波作用下,形成沿固壁运动的“活塞”,驱动其前方的热层气体运动;（3）“活塞”内流体与其毗邻的热层气体满足压力和速度连续,不再引入速度比例系数。利用改进后的方法,对于马赫数为2.00的竖直平面激波,在不同热层密度条件下进行计算。本文方法得到的热层内激波强度以及物质界面处的压力、速度和密度等参量,与数值模拟结果偏差均小于10%,优于Shreffler和Mirels计算方法。对于马赫数为1.36的竖直平面激波,当其传播速度小于热层内气体声速时,Shreffler和Mirels计算方法不再适用,而本文中提出的方法得到的计算结果与数值模拟结果和已有实验数据基本吻合,最大偏差约20%。上述结果表明,本文中提出的理论计算方法提高了现有方法的合理性,扩大了适用范围。

     

Approximate method for determining the maximum temperature during quasistationary heating of a piecewise-homogeneous half-space

A method is proposed to calculate the maximum temperature of the surface of a piecewise-homogeneous half-space heated by a uniformly moving, locally distributed heat flow. Analytical solutions of the corresponding quasistationary heat-conduction problems are obtained for small and large values of the Peclet number. These solutions are used to derive formulas for calculating the maximum temperature in the case of intermediate (moderate) values of the Peclet number. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 85–97, May–June, 2005.     

Methodology for minimizing effects of temperature in monitoring with the acousto-ultrasonic technique

The acousto-ultrasonic (AU) technique can be a useful methodology for monitoring structures or mechanical components during endurance tests, fatigue tests or, in general, during the life of the components. To obtain reliable information about the failure and fatigue cracks at their earliest initiation stages and to follow their evolution regardless of any disturbance effects, refined experimental procedures and signal processing are needed. In particular, the effects of temperature variation cannot be entirely suppressed and are difficult to evaluate. This means that the results of the AU technique are not immediately interpretable and usable for monitoring structures. This paper describes some procedures aimed at minimizing the effects of disturbance on AU signals caused by temperature variation, allowing use of AU for monitoring over extensive periods of time or when the component is subjected to heating.     

高温高压下扩张式封隔器胶筒非线性流动仿真计算

针对井下温度压力环境下扩张式封隔器的工作状态,本文建立了卡距内管柱及封隔器力学模型,采用网格重划分方法来描述胶筒在环空间隙中的非线性流动,并将重划分前后的网格信息进行映射,解决了封隔器有限元方程矩阵奇异问题。对不同压裂泵压、不同井温和不同环空间隙下封隔器胶筒的位移、剪切应力及接触压力进行仿真计算。压裂泵压为30 MPa～80 MPa时,胶筒未发生轴向窜动,橡胶基体的剪切应力及接触压力随着压裂泵压的增加而增大;井温为25℃～175℃时,胶筒基体剪切应力随井温的升高而增大,胶筒与套管间接触压力随井温升高而降低;胶筒与套管环空间隙为2.5 mm～9.5 mm,胶筒剪切应力随间隙增加而增大,胶筒与套管接触压力随间隙增加而降低。通过胶筒网格变形可知,胶筒橡胶在环空间隙中产生非线性流动是引起胶筒剪切应力数值增大、接触压力数值降低的根本原因。综上可得,在压裂作业中,随着压裂泵压的增大、井温的升高和环空间隙的增大,封隔器胶筒更容易发生剪切撕裂破坏,且封隔器的密封效果亦降低。