Nickel(II) xanthates with nitrogen heterocycles as bridging ligands

New homopolynuclear nickel(II) xanthate complexes with nitrogen donor heterocycles as bridging ligands have been prepared, namely [Ni(Rxa)2(-L)]n and [Ni2(Rxa)4(-L1)], where R=i-Pr,i-Am; xa=OCS2– L=1,2-bis(4- pyridyl)ethane (bpe), 4,4-dithiodipyridyl (dtp), 1,2-bis(4- pyridyl)ethylene (dpe), 4,4-trimethylene-dipyridine (tmd); L1=2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (bpp), 2,4-bis(5,6- diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl)pyridine (bdt), or 2,4,6-tris(2- pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (tpt). The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, i.r. and electronic spectroscopies, magnetochemical and conductivity measurements. The results show that the [Ni(Rxa)2(-L)]n complexes are linear polymers in which the nitrogen heterocycles bridge between the nickel(II) ions, which are coordinated by four sulfur and two nitrogen atoms and have trans-octahedral geometry. The nearly constant values of the effective magnetic moment (3.36–3.34 eff/B) over the 77–295 K temperature range indicate that exchange interactions are lacking among the paramagnetic centres in the linear structure, [Ni(i-Amxa)2(dpe)]n. The variable- temperature magnetic susceptibilities of the [Ni2(i-Prxa)4(bpp)] (3.00–2.95eff/B per Ni atom), [Ni2(i-Prxa)4(bdt)] (2.72–2.63 eff/B per Ni atom), and [Ni2(i-Amxa)4(tpt)] (2.76–1.87 eff/B per Ni atom) were measured down to liquid nitrogen temperature. In the case of binuclear nickel(II) complexes with bdt or tpt, antiferromagnetic coupling between the nickel(II) ions was detected, giving the exchange integral J=–4.0cm–1 and –29.6cm–1, respectively.     

Hydrogen profiling in thin films using coincident ERD

By using the coincident measurement, an ERD method has been established and used for hydrogen profiling in thin foils. In the present study, 6 MeV has been used as incident particle, the scattered and the recoiled proton from one collision were coincidentally detected at 150 (proton) and 173.9 (). This method has been used for hydrogen profiling of 5.6 m Mylar and 8.6 m aluminium foils. Because of the coincident measurement, the background is largely reduced, and its minimum detection limit is about 0.5% (atomic), lower than the conventional ERD method. The measured depth resolution in 5.6 m Mylar is 0.6 m. It is possible to use this method for hydrogen profiling in thin foils of several micron thickness.     

Selective hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to light olefins catalyzed by supported potassium tetracarbonylhydridoferrate

In the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, potassium tetracarbonylhydridoferrate, KHFe (CO)₄, supported on HY-zeolite or silica gel exhibited high selectivity to light olefins without following the Schulz-Flory distribution.

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, KHFe(CO)₄, HY —, — .

     

Quantum-chemical examination of the factors rule in terms of simplest cluster calculation approaches

CNDO/BW examination of the factors rule in terms of the cluster approach has revealed its validity not only for the adsorption energy and the frequency shift of the stretching vibrations in the formation of hydrogen bonds but also for the variations of the hydrogen atom charge and the OH bond length.

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CNDO/BW . () , OH .

     

Kinetics of oxidation of acrolein on a vanadium-molybdenum oxide catalyst

A kinetic study has shown that, in the range of low conversions, the reaction rate depends only on the partial pressure of oxygen. Comparison of the oxidation of acrolein and I-deuteroacrolein suggests that the splitting of the H–CO bond is not rate-limiting.

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, , , . 1- , H–CO .

     

Trace analysis of cationic surfactants in water using HPLC with conductometric detection

Summary A simple and fast determination of trace amounts of commercially used cationic surfactants is described. After extraction from water cationic surfactants are separated by HPLC and detected by conductometry. The detection limit is 3 g/l for distearyldimethylammonium chloride, 16 g/l for ditallowimidazolinium methosulphate, and 6 g/l for dodecylpyridinium chloride.     

Eine neue photometrische Zinnbestimmungsmethode mit Bromwasserstoffs?ure

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß konzentrierte Bromwasserstoffsäure mit Zinn-(IV)-bromid eine Gelbfärbung ergibt. Das Absorptionsmaximum dieser Färbung erstreckt sich von 200–330 m. Photometrische Messungen mit dem Filterphotometer Elko II mit Hilfe der Quecksilberliniengruppe bei 366 m (UV-Kondensor II, Quecksilberbrenner und Filter S 38E) haben ergeben, daß eine exakte photometrische Zinnbestimmung möglich ist. Die Extinktion der Lösung ist von der Konzentration der Bromwasserstoffsäure abhängig, so daß es erforderlich ist, bei gleichbleibender Bromwasserstoffsäurekonzentration zu arbeiten. Sehr kleine Mengen Phosphorsäure stören nicht, während Salz- und Schwefelsäure abwesend sein müssen. Die Färbung ist sofort nach dem Auffüllen mit Bromwasserstoffsäure konstant und bleibt dies auch tagelang. Das LAMBERT-BeERsche Gesetz ist sehr streng im Bereich von 8 g Zinn/ml bis 1200 g Zinn/ml unter den gewählten Reaktions- und Meßbedingungen erfüllt.     

Isomerization and secondary metathesis of 2-butenes over a MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst

Transformation of cis- and trans-2-butene at 40°C was investigated over a MoO₃/A₂O₃ catalyst reduced with hydrogen and subjected to different pretreatments. Isomerization is accelerated by hydrogen preadsorbed either at low or high temperatures. The cometathesis of 2-butenes with the 1-butene intermediate, however, is enhanced only by hydrogen preadsorbed at low and suppressed by hydrogen adsorbed at high temperatures.

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- -2- 40°C MoO₃/Al₂O₃, . , , . 2- 1- , ; , .

     

Thermogravimetric study of the C + SiO2 reaction

The kinetics of the reaction of one-to-one molar mixtures of crystalline silica and carbon powder were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting kinetic data was evaluated using simple kinetic and mass transport models. A two-stage reaction mechanism consisting of three stoichiometric reactions can adequately be used to describe the global reaction phenomena. Both the first and second stages of reaction were found to be influenced by diffusion mass transfer within the reacting bed of solids.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels Thermogravimetrie wurde die Reaktionskinetik der Reaktion von kristallinem Siliziumdioxid und Kohlenstoffpulver im Molverhältnis 11 untersucht. Die kinetischen Angaben wurden mittels einfachen kinetischen und Stofftransportmodellen ausgewertet. Zu einer adäquaten Beschreibung der gesamten Reaktionserscheinung kann ein Zweischrittereaktionsmechanismus bestehend aus drei stöchiometrischen Reaktionen benutzt werden. Sowohl der erste als auch der zweite Reaktionsschritt wird durch diffusiven Stofftransport innerhalb des Reaktionsbettes beeinflußt.

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, 11. - . , , . , .

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This paper is based on the doctoral dissertation of the senior author.     

Sorption of H2, O2 and CO on bimetallic catalysts Pd?Ag/Al2O3 over a wide temperature range

Adsorption of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon monoxide on Pd–Ag/Al₂O₃ catalysts of different compositions within the temperature range from 293 to 773 K has been investigated. Adsorption measurements have been carried out by the pulse chromatographic method. The results obtained reflect interactions of the above adsorbates with the alloy surface, strongly enriched in silver atoms, as a result of surface segregation processes.

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, Pd–Ag/Al₂O₃ 293–773 K. . , , .

     

Fällungsanalyse im Mikrogrammbereich: Eine neue Methode

Zusammenfassung Eine neue Methode zur Durchführung gravimetrischer Bestimmungen im Mikrogrammbereich wurde beschrieben; diese beruht im wesentlichen darauf, daß der Niederschlag nicht mehr zusammen mit dem Filter, sondern nach Überführen mit einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel in einem separaten Wägegefäß gewogen wird.Die dazu nötigen Geräte und deren Herstellung wurden beschrieben. Nach dieser Methode wurden folgende Bestimmungen mit zufriedenstellender Richtigkeit durchgeführt: 2,5–25g Al, 5–50g Cu und 5–50g Zn mit Oxin, 2,5–25g Fe(III) und 2,5–25g Ti(IV) mit N-Benzoyl-phenylhydroxylamin, 5–50g Ni und 5–50g Cu mit Salicylaldoxim, 2,5–50g Co(II) und 2,5–50g Fe(III) mit -Nitroso--naphthol sowie 5–50g Chlorid als Silberchlorid.

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Precipitation analysis in the microgram-scale: A new method

Summary A new method for gravimetric determinations in the microgram-scale is described. This method is based on the fact that the precipitate is not weighed together with the filter but is transferred to a separate weighingvessel using a suitable solvent. The necessary simple devices and their use are described. The following determinations were carried out with satisfying accuracy: 2,5–25g Al, 5–50g Cu and 5–50g Zn with Oxine, 2,5–25g Fe and 2,5–25g Ti withN-benzoylphenylhydroxylamine, 5–50g Ni and 5–50g Cu with salicylaldoxime, 2,52–50g Co and 2,5–50g Fe with -nitroso--naphthol and 5–50g chloride as silver chloride.

     

Physico-chemical properties of iron-tin mixed oxide catalysts in cyclohexane oxidation

The state of mixed iron-tin oxide catalysts with a variable ratio of their metallic components has been studied by Mössbauer and ESCA spectroscopy. The results are compared with the activity of these catalysts in cyclohexane oxidation.

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Certified reference materials (CRM 408 and 409) for quality control of main components (ammonium, calcium, hydronium, magnesium, nitrate, potassium, sodium and sulphate) in simulated rain water

Analyses of rainwater are routinely performed by a number of organisations to monitor the contribution from rainwater to the component occurrences in the environment and the acidification of the environment. To control the quality of such determinations, the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) has organised a certification campaign to produce two simulated rainwater reference materials (CRM 408, low mineral content and CRM 409, high mineral content). The materials were carefully prepared (addition of pro analysis and supra pure reagents with the mentioned elements to silica-free deionised water) and its homogeneity and long-term stability were verified. The materials were certified for their contents of ammonium (106 mol/kg) (CRM 409), calcium (7.68 and 15.5 mol/kg), chloride (67.3 and 113 mol/kg), hydronium (16.6 and 48.0 mol/kg), magnesium (6.14 and 12.3 mol/kg), nitrate (20.1 and 78.1 mol/kg), potassium (4.25 mol/kg) (CRM 409), sodium (42.0 and 82.9 mol/kg) and sulphate (10.5 and 53.2 mol/kg). Indicative values (not certified) are given for ammonium and potassium in CRM 408. This paper presents the certification work performed, as well as the analytical work for the certification of the contents of relevant species.     

Chemical behaviour of helium muonide just after muon catalyzed fusion

Chemical behaviour of a helium muonide atom /He^o/ can be understood on the analogy of its hydrogen homologues, muonium /Mu/, deuterium /D^o/ and tritium /T^o/. In muon catalyzed fusion /CF/, a small fraction of negative muon in the fusion cycle sticks to helium to give proton-like He⁺ which easily picks up one electron forming He^o. The energy of He⁺ at birth is about 3.5 MeV being in a similar situation to the case of a hot tritium atom produced by /n, p/ or /n, / reaction. The reaction cross section and rate of He^o reactions are estimated.     

Electrocatalytic effect of phenanthroline iron complexes on oxygen reduction in sulfuric acid media

The study of oxygen reduction on a platinum rotating disk was performed at different pHs in 1 M H₂SO₄. An increase in the velocity of this reaction with the addition of 2×10^–3M Fe(II) and 0.1 M 1,10-phenanthroline was observed. This increase depends on the solution pH, i.e. at pH<0.5, it is about 100-fold, whereas for pH>0.5, it is greater than by a factor of 600. This change at pH=0.5 can be explained by a change in the coordination sphere of electrogenerated Fe(II). The complex species Fe(II)–SO₄ at pH<0.5 changes to [Fephen₃]²⁺ at pH>0.5.

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pH 1M H₂SO₄. 2·10^–3M Fe(II) 0,1M 1,10- . pH , pH<0,5 100, pH>0,5 600 . pH=0,5 Fe(II). Fe(II)–SO₄ pH<0,5 [Fephen₃]²⁺ pH>0,5.

     

IR-spectroscopic studies of the interaction of pyridine bases with vanadium and molybdenum oxides supported on magnesia

As shown by IR-spectroscopic studies, pyridine bases interacting with V₂O₅ and MoO₃ supported on MgO form hydrogen bonds with surface hydroxyls and coordinate bonds with V and Mo ions. The interaction of 2,6-dimethylpyridine adsorbed on the surface with oxygen leads to the formation of 6-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, whose formyl group interacts with surface hydroxyls.

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, V₂O₅ MoO₃, MgO, V Mo. 2,6- 6--2-, OH-.

     

Beitrag zur aufeinanderfolgenden thermochemischen Bestimmung von SiO2 und Al2O3 Aus flusssaurer lösung

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eingangs einen Überblick von Publikationen, die sich mit der thermochemischen Bestimmung von SiO₂ und Al₂O₃ aus flußsaurer Lösung befassen. Davon ausgehend werden Versuche beschrieben und Ergebnisse diskutiert, die mit konstanten Einwaagen von 700 mg SiO₂ und etwa 100 mg Al₂O₃ aus flußsaurer Lösung und verschiedenen Kombinationen von Injektionsreagenzien erhalten wurden und die auf die Belange der Analyse von gefällten Natriumaluminiumsilicaten abgestimmt waren. Die vorgenommenen Untersuchungen führen zu den Schluß, daß Al₂O₃ und SiO₂ in Natriumaluminiumsilicaten aus flußsaurer Lösung mit der Injektionsreagenskombination SrCl₂KCl bestimmt werden sollten.

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The first part of the paper gives a review of the literature dealing with thermochemical determinations of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ in hydrofluoric acid solution. The results of experiments with constant samples weights of 700 mg SiO₂ and about 100 mg Al₂O₃ in hydrofluoric acid solution with differently combined injection reagents are discussed. The determinations were based on the analysis of precipitated sodium aluminium silicates.The investigations revealed that combined SrCl₂/KCl solution should be used as injection reagent for determination of the Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ contents of sodium aluminium silicates in hydrofluoric acid.

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, . , (700 ) ( 100 ) , . . , SrCl₂-KCl .

     

Polyhydroxylated steroids from the starfishPatiria pectinifera

By chromatography on Polikhrom-1, silica gel, and Florisil, an ethanolic extract of the digestive organs of the starfishPatiria pectinifera has yielded the steroid polyols 5-cholestan-3,6,8,15,16,26-hexaol and 5-cholestan-3,4,6,7,8,15,16,26-octaol 6-(sodium sulfate). The structures of the compounds have been shown by spectral characteristics and chemical transformations.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 738–741, November–December, 1984.     

Selective determination of neodymium and erbium in mixtures with other lanthanides by second-derivative spectrophotometry of complexes with benzoyl-indan-1,3-dione and cetylpyridinium chloride

The absorption spectra of 4f electron transitions of the neodymium and erbium complexes with benzoyl-indan-1,3-dione and cetylpyridinium chloride have been studied by conventional and derivative spectrophotometry. The second-derivative spectrum has been used to eliminate the interference of the other lanthanides, and to increase the sensitivity by a further factor of 4–6. Beer's Law is obeyed for 6–29 g/ml Nd and 7–33 g/ml Er. The relative standard deviations evaluated from 10 independent determinations of 5.0 g/ml Nd and Er were 1.1% (Nd) and 1.6% (Er). The detection limits obtained from the sensitivity of the calibration graphs and 3s _b, (standard deviation of the blank,n = 11) were 0.63 g/ml Nd and 0.61 g/ml Er. The quantification limits (10s _b) were 2.1 g/ml Nd and 2.0 g/ml Er. A method for the direct determination of neodymium and erbium in rare earth mixtures with good accuracy and selectivity is proposed.