微型差动式共焦自聚焦光聚焦探测系统

为解决微小内轮廓尺寸为代表的微小尺寸的非接触式超精密测量问题，提出了将自聚焦透镜体积小的特点与共焦显微技术的高分辨率和绝对位置跟踪特性相结合的差动式自聚焦共焦微型显微技术的光探测技术，建立了相应的传感系统，介绍了系统的工作原理和构成，自聚焦透镜测头直径为1mm，两个探测器差动设置，不但消除了光源的光强漂移和探测器的电子漂移产生的共模噪声，提高了测量信噪比，而且有效地提高了系统的轴向分辨率，初步实验表明，系统轴向分辨率在倾斜率小于20度的范围内可达5nm。     

Simulation of Differential Phase Detection Method Combined with Astigmatic Method using a Half Mirror in an Optical Pick-up

In an error detection optical system for optical pick-ups using a parallel plane type half mirror, influence on the differential phase detection (DPD) signal by a coma aberration was simulated. The coma aberration deforms the spot profile on the photodetector and influences the DPD signal level characteristics and the offset characteristics with respect to the objective lens shift. In the 4-segment-type DPD, the coma aberration caused by a half mirror 2.75 mm thick hardly affects the DPD signal if the photodetector is not misaligned. On the other hand, the 2-segment-type DPD has a small offset variation with respect to the objective lens shift and a large variation of the DPD signal level against the misalignment of the photodetector in comparison with the 4-segment-type DPD when there is no coma aberration. In the presence of a coma aberration, however, these variations of the 2-segment-type DPD are suppressed by choosing a pair of elements without the coma apex part of the spot.     

微弱激光脉冲信号的相关检测

利用二元光电探测器接收激光脉冲信号,然后根据互相关检测的原理设计了信号处理电路,对接收到的信号进行处理,使其信噪比得到改善。在实验中选用不同的延迟时间τ进行检测,并给出了实验结果,且对实验结果进行了比较。实验表明,根据实际情况选择正确的延迟时间,可以达到较高的信噪改善比,满足大多数使用需求。     

光纤微缺陷的激光检测方法

针对光纤微缺陷检测问题,提出了一种基于激光的光纤微缺陷检测方法,分析了光纤微缺陷的基本结构以及激光检测法的原理,并以此搭建了实验装置,进行了缺陷检测实验.实验中用准直氦氖激光束横向入射光纤,在光屏上得到光纤前向散射图样的分布图像,然后对图像进行处理.通过与显微镜观察法的实验结果比较,发现激光检测方法可有效地进行缺陷检测,其检测结果与显微镜直接观察法一致,可以作为光纤拉制后、涂覆层前的缺陷复测.     

变光外差为电外差的双频激光探测

演示一种双频激光位移探测系统,阐述光载波激光雷达的概念。由单块非平面环形腔固体激光器和声光调制器产生100MHz载波频率的双频激光束,作为探测光束,经过光路收发系统,探测位于电动导轨上目标的位移变化,信号处理部分采用高速光电探测器响应后信号的电子外差解调方式,位移量的获得通过高频锁相放大器解算参考光束与信号光束的相位差并计算获得。通过双频激光把光学外差探测变为了电子外差探测,系统重复误差小于3%。系统在利用无线电雷达信号处理方式的同时,保留了激光探测的优点,位移测量系统具有良好的重复性。     

利用可调谐的混沌Fabry-Perot激光器实现波分复用无源光网络的断点检测

波分复用无源光网络具有支路多、节点密的特征,为精确定位各支路的断点,提出了一种基于可调谐混沌Fabry-Perot激光器的检测方法.将光反馈多纵模Fabry-Perot半导体激光器作为混沌光源,在改变反馈光光波模式的条件下输出波长可调谐的混沌激光.以探测光的波长标记各被测支路,将探测信号和携带延时信息的回波信号进行互相关运算,根据相关曲线峰值的位置即可完成定位.分析了可调谐混沌源的特性,并以1×4的波分复用无源光网络为例,进行了初步的实验验证,结果表明该方法可以精确定位光网络支路中连接点及断点的位置,空间分辨率达4 cm,且与探测距离无关.     

Development of a Two-Dimensional Bar-Code Detection System Using Multi Laser Diodes with Time-Sharing Light Emission Operation

A new high-speed two-dimensional bar-code detection system using multi laser diodes with time-sharing light emission operation has been developed. A bias current allowing the laser diode to improve the light output rise time was optimized to slightly below the threshold of the diode, so that channel cross-talk among three-line bar-code signals caused by the bias light can be kept small and a high-speed pulse modulation operation can be achieved. The prototype system for a three-line bar code with spatially overlapping laser-diode heads has achieved an effective scanning speed two and nine tenths times that of conventional scanners. It is estimated that the number of time-sharing light emission laser diodes can be increased to at least four when the current photodetection amplifier with a bandwidth of 6.4 MHz is used. This number can be improved to six by using photodetection amplifiers with double the bandwidth of the present ones.     

利用可调谐的混沌Fabry-Perot激光器实现波分复用无源光网络的断点检测

波分复用无源光网络具有支路多、节点密的特征,为精确定位各支路的断点,提出了一种基于可调谐混沌Fabry-Perot激光器的检测方法.将光反馈多纵模Fabry-Perot半导体激光器作为混沌光源,在改变反馈光光波模式的条件下输出波长可调谐的混沌激光.以探测光的波长标记各被测支路,将探测信号和携带延时信息的回波信号进行互相关运算,根据相关曲线峰值的位置即可完成定位.分析了可调谐混沌源的特性,并以1×4的波分复用无源光网络为例,进行了初步的实验验证,结果表明该方法可以精确定位光网络支路中连接点及断点的位置,空间分辨率达4 cm,且与探测距离无关.     

一种用于谐波检测过程中消除谐波背景方法的研究

针对可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）连续检测技术中,二次谐波背景信号存在漂移的现象,提出改变激光器中心电流实时提取背景信号,以消除连续检测过程中背景信号的漂移对浓度反演的影响。依据波长调制理论推导了二次谐波背景信号的理论表达式,并分析了实际情况下影响二次谐波背景信号的因素。给出激光器在不同工作温度时电流和输出光强度之间的关系曲线,并分析了改变激光器中心电流实时提取背景信号的可行性。结合背景信号搜索方法设计了基于LabVIEW的背景信号提取流程图。设计以氨气为检测对象的TDLAS实验系统,选取了氨气的吸收谱线以及对应的吸收中心电流。在激光器电流全工作区间内只存在唯一吸收峰的情况下,确定实验中各参数的数值及搜索背景的电流范围。实验结果表明：该方法可实时提取谐波背景信号。结合线性最小二乘法拟合反演可有效地减小检测误差及背景信号对浓度反演精度的影响,提高浓度的检测精度及准确性。在连续检测实验中,反演浓度的标准差由2.688 3降到1.856 1,减小背景信号漂移对检测浓度准确性的影响,提高了连续检测的准确性。     

In Vivo Laser Tomographic Imaging of Mouse Leg by Coherent Detection Imaging Method

The coherent detection imaging (CDI) technique based on the optical heterodyne detection method enables selective filtering of the directional coherent retaining emergent photons from biological tissues with a highly scattering nature. Therefore, the CDI can acquire on-axis information in the transillumination mode and use the same data-acquisition protocol and reconstruction algorithm as those in X-ray computed tomography (CT). Although the CDI-based laser CT cannot image thick subjects such as the head and chest, it can delineate subjects with a thickness up to several cm at a spatial resolution of sub-millimeters. We are planning to apply the technique to early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we performed an experiment using mice to confirm the feasibility. We compared in vivo CT images at the level of ankle joints of two mice, one normal and the other with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) as an RA model, and demonstrated that there occur significant discrepancies between the two distributions of image intensities, i.e., reconstructed scattering coefficients in each region of interest (ROI) prepared. We suggest that combining the morphological information with the quantitative information can be effective for early diagnosis of bone diseases and disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.     

光纤陀螺中一种光相位差跟踪方法

对光纤陀螺中相位差的检测是得到所需角速度的基础。简要分析了陀螺输出信号的特点：噪声大、非线性、周期性,以及这些特点对检测有效信号的影响。提出了一种单通通光相位差跟踪的方法。这种方法采用正弦调制,通过对信号（包括输出信号和跟踪信号）的三角和乘法运算,并在必要的环节进行滤波得到光相位差。它能够解决光纤陀螺动态范围和刻度因子线性度问题,并具有简明、成本低、易实现的特点。最后进行了相位跟踪的计算机模拟和电路的实现,并给出了实验结果。     

反射式激光扩束器的切换变倍技术

反射式扩束常用于大功率的激光发射装置,但在离轴状态下,仅仅控制多组镜片之间的相对距离并不能像透射式扩束一样顺利实现变倍。从扩束望远镜系统的失调状态得到启发,提出一种两片次镜切换变倍的光学方案,针对一束CO2激光器发出的直径为54mm的激光束,完成了离轴工作时1.5倍和3.0倍两个档位的扩束光学设计。仿真结果证明了扩束功能的正确性,而且与主次镜相同曲率半径下同轴使用的失调望远镜系统的调制传递函数(MTF)曲线基本吻合,对离焦量进行补偿之后的成像效果能够达到衍射极限。     

蓝光相变光盘的多层膜结构设计

为了使光盘获得优良的记录／读出性能并能够长期稳定地使用，必须优化设计相变光盘的多层膜结构。采用自行设计的模拟分析相变光盘读出过程设计软件，从光学角度出发模拟计算了蓝光(405nm)相变光盘的膜层结构，研究了多层膜系的反射率和反射率对比度等光学参量与各层膜厚度和槽深的关系。研究得出的最佳多层膜结构为：下介电层／记录层／上介电层／反射层的厚度对于台记录为100nm／10nm／25nm，／60nm，而对于槽记录则为140nm／15nm／30nm，／60nm，槽深为50nm。模拟计算结果对于将来高密度蓝光相变光盘的制备具有一定的指导意义。     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换的激光云高仪后向散射信号去噪方法

基于希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)和Savitzky-Golay滤波,提出了一种结合HHT时频分析的半导体激光云高仪后向散射信号去噪方法.该方法在对云高仪后向散射信号的噪声特性及传统去噪方法的缺陷进行研究的基础上,选择截止分量阶一定的自适应时变时空滤波器组(TFB)结构并辅助Savitzky-Golay滤波抑制噪声,最后利...     

Autocorrelation Method to Detect Frequency Shift of a Laser Diode by Short Pulse Irradiation

A new method to investigate fast frequency modulation of a laser diode by applying optical pulse irradiation is presented. The self-delayed heterodyne technique and an autocorrelation method are used to detect beat in the heterodyne signal due to frequency shift by the irradiation. Autocorrelation of the beat signal is suggested to be calculated via its spectrum.     

用于高分辨率光谱研究的窄线宽半导体激光器及其特性研究

报道了一种新型结构的弱反馈外腔半导体激光器，利用此结构将煌激光线宽压窄至５００ｋＨｚ以下。这种激光器可用于高分辨率激光光谱，磁光阱囚禁和原子和原子喷泉量子频标等方面。另外还从理论上研究了其线宽，电调率等物理参量间的关系，得出了有用的关系式，并通过实验对此作了验证。     

Characteristics of Multi-Beam Module Using Waveguides for Laser Scanning Optical Systems

A multi-beam module using optical waveguides has been studied for a laser scanning optical system. Laser diodes with a wavelength of 780 nm are assembled on a silicon substrate. The beams emitted from the laser diodes are directly coupled into waveguides. This multi-beam module is assembled on a metal substrate with a photodiode. The photodiode controls the power of each laser diode on the silicon substrate. The multi-beam module is able to increase the output speed of high-density image printings, and the speed for high-speed color printings. We have developed the four-beam module with beam divergence angles of 11 degrees and spatial beam interval of 24 μm. Additional heat sink and optimizing tip-bonding between the laser diode and solder pad on the silicon substrate is useful to stabilize laser power against rising temperature.     

TDLAS痕量气体检测中激光器管壳温度对背景信号的影响

采用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术对痕量气体的连续检测，二次谐波背景信号会随着半导体激光器管壳温度变化产生漂移，使得二次谐波波形无法保持稳定，对测量结果产生误差。基于TDLAS原理，解释了二次谐波背景信号的产生，分析了背景信号的来源和背景漂移对测量结果的影响，通过对背景信号的扣除获得标准的二次谐波波形，设计并搭建了一套高精度恒温控制系统，此系统搭载了风冷以及水冷模块进行辅助控温，控制精度达到±0.1 ℃，选取了1 796和1 653 nm波长的DFB半导体激光器，通过控制两只激光器在20～44 ℃温度条件下来回变动，温度间隔为2 ℃，对获得的二次谐波背景信号进行了实验研究。研究表明：随着半导体激光器管壳温度上升，背景信号发生红移，反之发生蓝移；实验中温度每变化2 ℃, 1 796和1 653 nm的DFB激光器的背景信号分别产生了约3.2和2.67 pm波长漂移；通过对半导体激光器进行控温封装，实现对半导体激光器管壳的恒温控制，可以有效地消除室温变化引起的背景信号漂移，维持测量系统的稳定性，提高痕量气体检测的精度和准确度。     

对晶体光损伤阈值测量的一种新方法的研究

提出一种测量晶体光损伤阈值的新方法,即确定激光横向功率密度的空间分布,利用晶体的激光损伤斑点半径,直接计算出晶体光损伤阈值,并给出入射激光为高斯光束时晶体损伤阈值与其损斑半径的关系。以提拉法生长的掺镁铌酸锂(MgO：LiNbO3)晶体为研究对象,用该方法测量其损伤阈值,得到了定量结果且所得数据与文献已报道的规律相符。分析得出同样激光条件下．损斑半径越大的晶体其光损伤阈值越小的结论,指出该方法同样适用于其他晶体或非高斯光束条件下光损伤阈值的测量并对具体作法进行了讨论。该测量方法弥补了常用测量方法只能定性或半定量的不足,可用于晶体抗光损伤阈值的精确测量。     

单片机控制激光平面探测电路设计

介绍了一种由光电检测放大、模数转换、计算显示三部分组成的单片机控制的扫描激光平面探测电路,并介绍了在扫描激光平面探测电路设计中需注意的问题。