Design and synthesis of the honeycomb PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

A novel PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was designed and synthesized for the propane dehydrogenation reaction, which was a significant transformation in industry. Experimental results showed that although the propane conversion and the propylene selectivity gradually fell down along with the reaction time, the descent speed of the PtSnNa/ZSM-5 monolithic catalyst was slower than that of the granule catalyst and the propane conversion and propylene selectivity of the reaction with monolithic catalyst still remained at a high level after 12 hr. The monolithic catalyst had regular pore structure that facilitated the separation of the product from the catalyst and reduced the limitation on internal and external diffusion and mass transfer, and led to the high catalytic activity and stability. The catalyst could be easily fabricated and was of highly industrial application potential.     

PtSnNa/SUZ-4:丙烷脱氢反应的高效催化剂

丙烷脱氢制丙烯是优化利用炼厂气和油田伴生气资源的一条重要途径.随着丙烯需求量的逐步增加,丙烷脱氢制丙烯日益受到重视.负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有优良的丙烷脱氢活性和选择性,但在高温、低氢压的反应条件下,催化剂易积炭而失活.近年来,选用了微孔分子筛如ZSM-5和介孔分子筛如SBA-15和MCM-41作为PtSn催化剂的载体,结果表明,具有规整孔道结构的负载型PtSn/分子筛催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性明显优于PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂.SUZ-4分子筛与ZSM-5分子筛结构相似且孔径相当,所不同的是ZSM-5由十元环交叉孔道组成,而SUZ-4由十元环和八元环孔道垂直相交组成.我们用微型催化反应装置结合XRD、BET比表面积和孔体积测试、NH3吸附-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、氢化学吸附、热重分析(TG)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和程序升温氧化(TPO)等多种物理化学手段研究了负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4和PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂的结构和丙烷脱氢反应性能,以及这两种催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中催化性能差异的原因.实验结果显示,在丙烷脱氢反应中,负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂上丙烯选择性和反应稳定性明显优于PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂,说明载体一定程度上会影响催化剂上丙烷脱氢反应性能.XRD,BET比表面积和孔体积测试等表征手段结果表明,SUZ-4和ZSM-5的孔体积和比表面积比较接近,载体的结构又类似,且两者的积碳量也相近,故载体的基本性质和积碳量的差异不是引起催化剂性能差异的原因.NH3-TPD结果表明,H-SUZ-4的酸强度明显强于H-ZSM-5.由于浸渍法制备负载型PtSn催化剂所用前体为具有强酸性的混合溶液(H2PtCl6+SnCl4),存在于SUZ-4分子筛孔道内表面的强酸中心不利于上述前体与SUZ-4分子筛孔道内表面结合.ZSM-5分子筛孔道内表面比较弱的强酸中心,促进了催化剂前体在ZSM-5分子筛孔道内表面的分散与结合.和ZSM-5为载体的催化剂相比,PtSnNa/SUZ-4上Pt粒子大部分分散在载体的外表面,从而金属上的积碳不易引起催化剂的失活.故多孔材料上Pt的分布是影响催化活性差异的主要原因.为进一步证明多孔材料上Pt的分布是影响催化活性差异的主要原因,我们通过二苯并噻吩预处理催化剂的手段证明Pt粒子在分子筛孔内外的分布情况.由于二苯并噻吩的尺寸比较大(0.8 nm)不能进入到分子筛的孔道内(SUZ-4:0.56 nm,ZSM-5:0.56 nm),所以载体孔道外的部分Pt会被二苯并噻吩预处理而失去活性,而孔道内的Pt不会因为预处理仍具有催化活性.实验结果表明,PtSnNa/SUZ-4经过二苯并噻吩预处理后,催化活性大大降低;而PtSnNa/ZSM-5经过二苯并噻吩预处理后,催化活性几乎没有变化.说明PtSnNa/SUZ-4上Pt粒子大部分分散在载体的外表面,从而金属上的积碳不易引起催化剂的失活.     

丙烷脱氢负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂中Na+助剂组分的作用

用微型催化反应装置结合X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂化学吸附、NH₃吸附-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和H₂-程序升温还原等多种物理化学手段研究了丙烷脱氢负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂中Na⁺助剂组分的作用。结果表明,Na⁺组分可中和SUZ-4载体表面的强酸中心、提高催化剂的Pt金属分散度、抑制脱氢产物的裂解和积炭的生成,从而提高催化剂的丙烷脱氢选择性和反应稳定性。但是过量Na⁺组分的存在会削弱Sn物种与载体之间的相互作用,使其易被还原,导致催化剂丙烷脱氢活性显著下降。     

Kinetic study of propane dehydrogenation and catalyst deactivation over Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst

The kinetics of propane dehydrogenation and catalyst deactivation over Pt-Sn/Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied. Performance test runs were carried out in a fixed-bed integral reactor. Using a power-law rate expression for the surface reaction kinetics and independent law for deactivation kinetics, the experimental data were analyzed both by integral and a novel differential method of analysis and the results were compared. To avoid fluctuation of time-derivatives of conversion required for differential analysis, the conversion-time data were first fitted with appropriate functions. While the time-zero and rate constant of reaction were largely insensitive to the function employed, the rate constant of deactivation was much more sensitive to the function form. The advantage of the proposed differential method, however, is that the integration of the rate expression is not necessary which otherwise could be complicated or impossible. It was also found that the reaction is not limited by external and internal mass transfer limitations, implying that the employed kinetics could be considered as intrinsic ones.     

添加锡组分对Pt/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响

丙烷脱氢制丙烯是优化利用炼厂气和油田伴生气资源的一条重要途径,这方面的研究已日益引起研究者的关注[1～5].对γ-Al2O3为载体的负载型铂催化剂丙烷脱氢催化性能已进行了深入的研究.通过引入特定的助剂,可以提高负载型铂催化剂低碳烷烃脱氢选择性和稳定性[6,7].与Ce、Zn、V、La、Cr、Fe、Zr、Mn等助剂比较,Sn助剂更有利于提高催化剂丙烷脱氢的反应稳定性[8].     

氟对PtSnNaLa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响

在PtSnNaLa/ZSM-5催化剂中引入氟元素,制得用于丙烷脱氢反应的氟改性催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、NH₃吸脱附(NH₃-TPD)、红外(FT-IR) 、固体核磁(²⁷Al MAS NMR)和程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等技术手段研究不同氟含量对催化剂的结构、表面酸性和丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响。 结果表明,氟能降低催化剂表面的弱酸强度,增强Pt与载体间的相互作用力,降低反应副产物的选择性,从而提高了产物丙烯的选择性,当氟的添加量为0.2%时,丙烯选择性可达到99.2%。 同时氟的加入易于载体骨架的脱铝,使得Sn组分的还原变得相对容易,但对催化剂结构没有明显的影响。     

Studies on the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene over Co-V-O catalysts

A series of Co-V-O catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performances for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene were investigated. It was found that the p-type catalysts showed higher catalytic behavior than the n-type catalyst.     

铯添加对VOx/SBA-15催化剂丙烷氧化脱氢性能影响

我们考察了碱金属铯的添加对具有单一活性中心（分立的VOx四面体）的VOx／SBA-15催化剂上丙烷氧化脱氢反应性能的影响,发现铯的加入可以显著改善丙烯的选择性．在相同的丙烷转化率时,丙烯选择性提高了约10％．对催化剂的X射线衍射,拉曼光谱,程序升温还原,吡啶吸附IR光谱和程序升温脱附表征结果表明,少量碱金属的加入,并未改变活性中心的结构及其可还原性能,但明显降低了催化剂表面酸量,尤其是B酸量,从而有利于产物丙烯的脱附,抑制了深度氧化产物COx的产生,提高了丙烯的选择性．     

Effect of aluminum modification on catalytic properties of PtSn-based catalysts supported on SBA-15 for propane dehydrogenation

The catalytic properties of PtSn-based catalysts supported on siliceous SBA-15 and Al-modified SBA-15, such as Al-incorporated SBA-15 (AlSBA-15) and alumina-modified SBA-15 (Al2O3/SBA-15), for propane dehydrogenation were investigated. Al2O3/SBA-15 was prepared either by an impregnation method using aluminum nitrate aqueous solution, or by the treatment of SBA-15 with a Al(OC3H7)3 solution in anhydrous toluene. N2-physisorption, FT-IR spectroscopy, solid-state 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, hydrogen chemisorption, XRF, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and TPO were used to characterize these samples. Among these catalysts, the PtSn-based catalyst supported on Al2O3/SBA-15, which was grafted with Al(OC3H7)3, exhibited the best catalytic performance in terms of activity and stability The possible reason was due to the high Pt metal dispersion and/or the strong interactions among Pt, Sn, and the support.     

B修饰的ZrO2及其制备p H值对PtSn/B-ZrO2丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响（英文）

丙烯作为一种重要的石油化工基础原料,传统上是从石脑油蒸汽裂解或催化裂化过程中作为副产物生产的.随着原油的枯竭和页岩气开发技术的成熟,通过乙烷蒸汽裂解制备乙烯更具吸引力并已得到广泛的工业应用,但该路线乙烯选择性高,而副产物丙烯数量有限.为满足不断增加的丙烯需求量,利用油田气和页岩气中低附加值的丙烷为原料,将其直接脱氢制丙烯(PDH)具有重要的现实意义.目前已开发成功的PDH技术采用的催化剂主要为负载PtSn型催化剂和Cr基催化剂.其中,Pt基催化剂较Cr基催化剂更加环境友好,因此得到了更广泛的应用.由于Pt元素的昂贵和稀有,制备低Pt含量和良好性能的催化剂极具吸引力.UOP Oleflex工艺开发的最新一代催化剂DEH-16仅含有0.3 wt%Pt,相对于前一代催化剂Pt含量降低30%.然而,许多文献报道,随着Pt含量的降低,催化剂的稳定性很容易恶化,降低Pt含量并保持催化剂性能仍具有一定的挑战.研究表明,含有更多Lewis酸性位点和更少Bronsted酸位点的催化剂显示出较好的丙烷脱氢活性和丙烯选择性.此外,源自缺陷位或配位不饱和位的Lewis酸性位也可为负载的金属颗粒提供锚定位点.BASF对ZrO2作为载体的丙烷脱氢催化剂进行了广泛研究,但其催化剂尚未完全商业化.有文献报道,ZrO2负载的PtSn催化剂在脱氢反应中的稳定性较差.将元素硼(B)加入到ZrO2中可以极大地抑制Bronsted酸性而提高Lewis酸量和酸强度,因此我们推测含有适量配位不饱和Zr位点的ZrO2作为PtSn丙烷脱氢催化剂载体可能具有优异的性能.载体的合成pH值对催化剂PDH性能也会有影响.然而,目前还没有硼改性的ZrO2(B-ZrO2)合成pH值对PDH催化性能影响的研究.本文研究了B-ZrO2的合成pH值(9,10和11)对PtSn/B-ZrO2在丙烷脱氢反应中催化性能的影响.Py-IR结果表明各pH值下合成的B-ZrO2均只有Lewis酸,NH3-TPD结果则表明B-ZrO2的Lewis酸量和强度随合成pH值的增加而增加.XPS结果显示,载体对Pt和Sn电子性质的影响不容忽视.由于OSC与CO氧化活性之间没有线性关系,因此Pt和Sn之间的相互作用程度在CO氧化反应中可能起主要作用,并有如下递增趋势:PtSn/B-ZrO2-9相似文献   

Synthesis of a new ordered mesoporous NiMoO4 complex oxide and its efficient catalytic performance for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

Highly ordered mesoporous NiMoO4material was successfully synthesized using mesoporous silica KIT-6 as hard template via vacuum nanocasting method. The structure was characterized by means of XRD, TEM, N2adsorption-desorption, Raman and FT-IR. The mesoporous NiMoO4with the coexistence of α-NiMoO4and β-NiMoO4showed well-ordered mesoporous structure, a bimodal pore size distribution and crystalline framework. The catalytic performance of NiMoO4was investigated for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. It is demonstrated that the mesoporous NiMoO4catalyst with more surface active oxygen species showed better catalytic performance in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in comparison with bulk NiMoO4.     

Intrinsic kinetics of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in the presence of CO2 over Cr/MSU-1 catalyst

The intrinsic kinetics of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 has been investigated over Cr/MSU-1 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. Without limitations of both internal and external diffusion, intrinsic kinetic data were obtained under the following conditions: 490-530 °C, space velocity of 3600?6000 mL·h-1·g-1 and 3/1 molar ratio for CO2/C3H8 under normal pressure. Based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, the kinetic models were established, and they were validated by statistical analysis. The parameters were estimated using Simplex Method combined with Universal Global Optimization Algorithm. The model, taking the surface reaction process as the rate-determining step, is the best one in agreement with the experimental data.     

Li含量对Li/MgO丙烷氧化脱氢制烯烃反应催化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同Li含量的Li/MgO催化剂,并通过TG-DTA、N_2吸附及XRD等手段对其进行了表征;对丙烷在Li/MgO催化剂表面的两种吸附状态所占据的空间体积大小进行了计算,研究了Li含量对其丙烷氧化脱氢制烯烃反应催化性能的影响。结果表明,随着Li/MgO催化剂中Li含量的增加,丙烷转化率与乙烯、甲烷、乙烷和COx的选择性均先增加,在Li物质的量分数为3%时达到最高,然后随Li含量增加而降低,而丙烯选择性则出现相反的变化趋势。丙烷在Li/MgO催化剂上的吸附和反应同时受动力学和热力学两个因素的制约;Li负载量不同,反应活性位Li+O-分散状态也不同,导致产物分布发生变化。活性位分散度高时受热力学因素影响,有利于生成丙烯;活性位分散度低时受吸附动力学影响,更趋向于生成乙烯等其他产物。     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over Mo/g-Al2O3. effect of precursor

Alumina supported molybdenum oxide was prepared using ammonium heptamolybdate and molybdenum acetate as different precursors. The catalysts were characterized by BET, AAS, SEM-EDAX, XRD, TPR and surface acidity measurements. The characterization results and the catalytic behavior in oxydehydrogenation of propane were similar irrespective of precursor. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

载体组成对负载型PtSn/ZSM-5催化剂上丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响

用微型催化反应装置结合吡啶吸附的红外光谱、NH3-程序升温脱附、热重、H2化学吸附和程序升温还原等物理化学手段研究了载体组成对负载型PtSn/ZSM-5催化剂上丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,负载型PtSn/ZSM-5催化剂对丙烷脱氢的催化性能与载体组成密切相关.随着ZSM-5载体中SiO2/Al2O3比的增加,催化剂表面的酸中心总量和强酸中心量逐渐减少.当SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比从45增至108时,催化剂对丙烷脱氢反应的催化活性提高,并且催化剂的积炭量下降.当SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比增至304时,Sn组分与载体ZSM-5之间的相互作用减弱,经H2还原后催化剂中Sn0物种所占的比例增加,导致催化剂H2化学吸附量和丙烷脱氢反应活性下降.     

P改性V-MCM-41催化剂的合成及其在丙烷直接脱氢中的应用（英文）

钒基催化剂的脱氢性能与表面氧钒物种的形态密切相关。为了进一步增强传统原位合成的V-MCM-41催化剂上钒物种的分散性,本研究通过在制备过程中添加有机磷前驱物的方法对其进行改性。采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、TPR、TPD、XPS、拉曼光谱及O₂脉冲等方法对催化剂的结构、钒物种形态及分散度进行了系统的表征。表征结果表明,P改性后V-MCM-41催化剂的比表面积随着P含量的增加而缓慢下降,但整体仍能保持有序的六方介孔结构;P改性后表面钒物种的还原性和分散性均得到改善,聚合形态的钒物种比例明显下降。丙烷脱氢反应结果表明P改性后催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能和稳定性均有提高。在Si/P投料物质的量比为30时制备的催化剂能够获得最大表面钒氧位点和最佳丙烷脱氢性能。     

有序介孔Sn-SBA-15负载铂催化剂上丙烷脱氢性能的提高

丙烷脱氢制丙烯能够将低级烷烃转变成烯烃,是有效扩大丙烯来源的生产工艺.铂锡催化剂用于丙烷催化脱氢的主要缺点是稳定性差、选择性低,通过稳定锡的氧化态可以大大改善催化剂的脱氢性能及稳定性.本文采用一锅水热合成法制备了一系列高比表面积具有高度有序介孔结构的Sn掺杂的Sn-SBA-15材料,并作为载体负载铂催化剂用于丙烷脱氢反应.同时利用传统浸渍法(IM)合成了Sn/SBA-15-IM材料作为对比.结合X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积和孔体积测试、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱、H2程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜和透射电镜等多种物理化学表征手段研究了Sn-SBA-15材料和催化剂的结构性质及其丙烷脱氢反应性能.XRD和BET比表面积和孔体积测试结果表明,水热合成法原位引入助剂Sn不影响载体SBA-15的有序孔道结构,同时能够保持较大的比表面积.传统浸渍法引入Sn会堵塞载体孔道,载体比表面积及孔道有序度下降.Sn掺杂进入SBA-15骨架能够增强Sn物种与载体的相互作用,有利于Sn物种在反应过程中保持氧化态,提高催化剂丙烷脱氢反应的活性及选择性.当Sn掺杂量增至2.0 wt％时,Pt,Sn组分与载体之间的相互作用减弱,催化剂中Sn0物种所占比例增多,导致催化剂丙烷脱氢性能下降.在丙烷脱氢反应过程中,一锅法引入Sn的催化剂上反应活性和稳定性明显优于浸渍法引入Sn的催化剂.其中,Pt/0.5 Sn-SBA-15催化剂表现出最优的丙烷脱氢性能,丙烷转化率为43.8％,丙烯选择性为98.5％.     

Synergistic effect between Sn and K promoters on supported platinum catalyst for isobutane dehydrogenation

Catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane has recently received considerable attention because of the increasing demand for isobutene.In this study,the synergistic effect between Sn and K on PtSnK/γ-Al2O3 catalysts has been investigated by changing the content of Sn.It was found that with the presence of potassium,suitable addition of Sn could not only increase the metal dispersion,but also reduce the catalyst acidity.In these cases,the synergistic effect could also strengthen the interactions between the metal and support,which resulted in an increase in both catalytic activity and stability.In our experiments,Pt-0.6SnK/Al catalyst exhibited the lowest deactivation rate (12.4%) and showed a selectivity to isobutene higher than 94% at the isobutane conversion of about 45.3% after running the reaction for 6 h.However,with the excessive loading of Sn,surface property of active sites and the interactions between metal and support were changed.As a result,the initial optimal ratio between the metallic function and acid function would be destroyed,which was disadvantageous to the reaction.     

P-modified cobalt oxide：A novel and effective catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

A series of nanosized cobalt oxide catalysts modified with phosphorus have been synthesized by the sol–gel method and investigated in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene.With the addition of phosphorus,the crystallite size of the catalyst was largely decreased,while the P species in the catalyst were highly dispersed.Compared to pure cobalt oxide,the P-modified samples showed higher propane conversion and enhanced propene selectivity.Over the PCoO catalyst with a P/Co atomic ratio of 0.05,the maximal propene yields of 15.7%with a propane conversion of 28.3%were obtained at 520℃.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on TiO2-supported chromium and zinc oxides

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane has been studied on chromium, zinc and zinc-chromium mixed oxides supported on anatase titania. The order of activity and selectivity to propene was CrTi>ZnCrTi>ZnTi. The activity and selectivity to propene did not change markedly with increase in the reaction temperature.