Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化氧化C3H6和CO性能

采用共沉淀法合成了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的不同质量比的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并以此为载体通过等体积浸渍法制备了1.5% Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（w/w）催化剂。以C₃H₆和CO为反应物的催化性能评价显示,在系列催化剂中以Pt/Zr（0.4）-Al催化剂催化氧化活性最为优异,其C₃H₆和CO的起燃温度（T₅₀）小于125℃,完全转化温度（T₉₀）小于150℃。采用XRD、低温N₂吸附、H₂-TPR、CO脉冲吸附等分析表征技术探索了催化剂物相结构、比表面积、颗粒尺寸等对催化活性的影响规律。结果发现,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有Al₂O₃材料的介孔织构和大比表面积特性,且产生了Al_xZr_1-xO_y固溶体新物相。适当的ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比,是改善Pt与ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的相互作用强度,促进贵金属Pt的分散,提升Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂的低温氧化活性的关键。     

Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化氧化C3H6和CO性能

采用共沉淀法合成了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的不同质量比的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并以此为载体通过等体积浸渍法制备了1.5% Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（w/w）催化剂。以C₃H₆和CO为反应物的催化性能评价显示,在系列催化剂中以Pt/Zr（0.4）-Al₂O₃催化剂催化氧化活性最为优异,其C₃H₆和CO的起燃温度（T₅₀）小于125℃,完全转化温度（T₉₀）小于150℃。采用XRD、低温N₂吸附、H2-TPR、CO脉冲吸附等分析表征技术探索了催化剂物相结构、比表面积、颗粒尺寸等对催化活性的影响规律。结果发现,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有Al₂O₃材料的介孔织构和大比表面积特性,且产生了Al_xZr_1-xO_y固溶体新物相。适当的ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比,是改善Pt与ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的相互作用强度,促进贵金属Pt的分散,提升Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂的低温氧化活性的关键。     

高分散CuO/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂中铜物种的精细结构表征

采用化学吸附-水解法制备了系列CuO/CeO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂，运用XANES、EXAFS、XRD和H2-TPR等方法对催化剂的结构进行了表征，探讨了不同焙烧温度对催化剂中高分散Cu物种的微观局域结构、分散状态和存在形式的影响，并与样品的CO氧化性能关联。结果表明，500 ℃焙烧样品中Cu物种主要以高分散的CuO微晶形式存在，与载体及CeO₂的作用相对较弱；当焙烧温度提高至650 ℃，存在3种铜物种，即与Al相似文献   

甲醇重整反应中Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂纳米Pt粒径与催化性能关系研究

利用硝基甲烷还原法在室温条件下得到了纳米Pt粒径可控的担载Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并利用甲醇重整反应为反应探针考察了Pt粒径与催化反应性能之间的关系, 发现催化反应的性能与担载贵金属颗粒粒径之间存在明显的相关性. 通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行表征, 发现钠米Pt的粒径大小不但影响甲醇重整反应的活性, 同时也影响反应的选择性, 即催化剂的催化性能与担载贵金属粒径之间存在明显的尺度效应.     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n(Ce)/n(Zr)比为0.67/0.33,用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体.采用这些固溶体作载体,以Fe2O3为活性组分,用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂.BET结果显示,将适量Ce0.67Zr0.33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积.TPR结果显示,载体中引入适量的Ce0.67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能.XRD结果表明,Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况,老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化.特别是当载体中m(Ce0.67Zr0.33O2)∶m(Al2O3)的值为1∶2时,Fe2O3/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能.     

整体式Co3O4/YSZ- -Al2O3＋CYZ催化剂上的甲烷催化燃烧

用质量比为3∶2的YSZ-γ-Al₂O₃和CeO₂-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂的混合物(以YSZA＋CYZ表示)作载体, 制备了不同Co₃O₄含量的整体式甲烷燃烧催化剂, 同时制备了分别以YSZA和CYZ为载体的催化剂作为对比, 研究了它们老化前后的反应性能, 并用BET, XPS, XRD, TPR等研究了催化剂的比表面、表面状态、晶相结构和还原性能. 结果表明, YSZ- -Al₂O₃和CeO₂-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂混合载体能有效地抑制CoAl₂O₄的生成, 并能充分发挥各自的优点, 因此负载一定量的钴后表现出很高的甲烷催化燃烧活性和抗老化性, 尤其是含8 wt% Co₃O₄的样品性能最佳, 有望成为实用的甲烷燃烧催化剂之一.     

ZrO4/SiO2-Al2O3催化肉桂醛MPV转移加氢性能

以九水合硝酸铝（Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O）与正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱盐,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同Al₂O₃含量的SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并通过浸渍硝酸氧锆引入ZrO₂,制备ZrO₂/SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物催化剂,考察催化剂在肉桂醛（CAL）MPV转移加氢中的催化性能,并结合N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、NH₃-程度升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、Py-原位红外（Py-IR）等技术,研究催化剂结构、织构以及表面性质与其催化性能间的构效关系.研究表明,所制备的催化剂均以L酸为主,并含有少量B酸中心,这使得加氢产物以肉桂醇（COL）为主,并含有少量1-苯丙烯-2-丙基醚（CPE）.Al₂O₃含量不仅影响催化剂表面的酸中心数量,而且对催化剂的织构参数有较大影响.随Al₂O₃含量的增加,催化剂表面L酸与B酸中心均有所增加,而孔径则持续变小,这使得催化反应呈现CAL转化率先增加后减少、目标产物COL选择性先稍有减小后有所增加的趋势.在Si/Al比为2时,催化剂具有最优的催化性能,优化反应条件下,CAL转化率达96%,目标产物COL选择性达90%.     

Ni-Cu-Mn-K/γ-Al2O3高温变换催化剂的结构和性能表征

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用二步等体积浸渍法，制备了Ni-Cu-Mn-K/γ-Al₂O₃高温水煤气变换催化剂。采用低温氮吸附-脱附，DTA，XRD，H₂-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征，比较了载体、单组分、双组分、以及多组分浸渍的样品结构及各物种的存在形式，探讨了催化剂的活性相组成。结果表明，所制备的催化剂具有较大的比表面积，孔径呈介孔分布结构;低温时，催化剂活性相主要为高度分散的Cu、Ni、Ni-Cu-O、xCuO·yMnO₂和xNiO·yMnO₂复合氧化物;高温时，活性相可能为 xCuO·yMnO₂和xNiO·yMnO₂等复合氧化物。经530 ℃耐热15 h后催化活性测试结果分析认为，活性相xCuO·yMnO₂和xNiO·yMnO₂等复合氧化物提高了该催化剂的热稳定性。     

Cu/SO42-/La2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其对C3H6选择还原NO的催化性能

以Al₂O₃为基质，添加ZrO₂和La₂O₃，制成La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体，然后采用SO₄^2-进行改性，再负载上Cu²⁺，制备了铜基SO₄^2-改性的复合载体催化剂(Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃)。考察了它在富氧条件下对丙烯选择还原NO的催化性能，并借助XRD、SEM、TG、Py-IR、NH₃-TPD、FTIR和TPR等方法研究了Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的结构和性能的关系。结果表明，ZrO₂的加入主要有利于提高催化剂的低温活性；La₂O₃的加入则主要有利于提高催化剂的热稳定性和还原性能；SO₄^2-能够与Zr形成螯合双配位结构，大幅度促使催化剂表面酸量增加并且酸性增强；因此，有效地提高了Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃在富氧条件下对丙烯选择还原NO的催化活性和水热稳定性。在无水条件下，Cu/SO₄^2-/La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃能使NO的最大转化率高达84.3%，即使在275 ℃ 10%水蒸气存在的情况下，仍能使NO的转化率高达81.2%。     

On the microstructure and symmetry of apparently hexagonal BaAl2O4

The P6₃ (a=2a_p, b=2b_p, c=c_p) crystal structure reported for BaAl₂O₄ at room temperature has been carefully re-investigated by a combined transmission electron microscopy and neutron powder diffraction study. It is shown that the poor fit of this P6₃ (a=2a_p, b=2b_p, c=c_p) structure model for BaAl₂O₄ to neutron powder diffraction data is primarily due to the failure to take into account coherent scattering between different domains related by enantiomorphic twinning of the P6₃22 parent sub-structure. Fast Fourier transformation of [0 0 1] lattice images from small localized real space regions (∼10 nm in diameter) are used to show that the P6₃ (a=2a_p, b=2b_p, c=c_p) crystal structure reported for BaAl₂O₄ is not correct on the local scale. The correct local symmetry of the very small nano-domains is most likely orthorhombic or monoclinic.     

Thermal Stability of Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared by Sol-Gel

A series of Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method. The influence of several parameters used in the synthesis including: metal content, identity of the metal precursor, and the water/alkoxide ratio on the structural properties of the fresh (dried) and calcined samples were studied. It was found that the BET surface area decreased with an increase in the platinum content. A surface area of 500 m²/g was obtained following calcination at 773 K. The structure of fresh samples as determined by FTIR corresponded to that of a pseudoboehmite structure. Samples prepared using a water/alkoxide ratio (H₂O/ATB) of 9 showed a well-defined, uniform pore size distribution following calcination at 773 K. Metal dispersions comparable to those obtained using impregnation methods were obtained. Aging studies (calcination at 873 K for 24 h) performed on these catalysts, exhibited sintering behavior which were similar to Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared by other methods. The sample prepared using a H₂O/ATB ratio of 9 had the highest surface area and was more thermally resistant towards metal sintering. A bimodal metal particle size distribution was observed: some particles exhibited sintering while others of similar size showed a greater thermal stability to sintering. The sample having the largest surface area and the highest thermal stability following thermal treatment was a consequence of a more condensed structure and a higher pore roughness obtained after drying the gel. This enabled the formation of an alumina structure which was more amorphous and limited aggregation of platinum particles due to surface diffusion within the pore structure.     

Vapor phase hydrofluorination of acetylene to vinyl fluoride over La2O3-Al2O3 catalysts

A series of La-doped Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared and tested for the vapor phase hydrofluorination of C₂H₂ to vinyl fluoride (CH₂CHF, VF). It was found that the La-doped catalyst gave a stable catalytic performance and a higher selectivity to the desired VF and a lower selectivity to coke deposition compared with the pure Al₂O₃ catalyst. The enhancement in VF selectivity on the La-doped catalyst was due to the elimination of acidic sites on the Al₂O₃ surface by the addition of La₂O₃, evidenced by NH₃-TPD results, which could also explain the declined selectivity to coke deposition on the catalyst. Raman result indicated there were two different vibration forms of CH distortion and CC expansion for the coke deposition.     

Alkylation of phenol with dimethyl carbonate over AlPO4, Al2O3 and AlPO4-Al2O3 catalysts

The vapor-phase catalytic alkylation of phenol with dimethyl carbonate over different AlPO₄ (Al/P=1), Al₂O₃ and AlPO₄-Al₂O₃ (5–25 wt.% Al₂O₃) catalysts produces anisole (O-alkylation) as the major reaction product althougho-cresol (C-alkylation) and methylanisoles were also found. The reaction is first order in phenol while O-and C-alkylation follow parallel processes. As compared with methanol, DMC is far more effective as a methylating agent, and the methylation proceeds at a lower temperature and with higher O-alkylation selectivity.     

Pt LIII-edge XANES and EXAFS studies on γ-Al2O3 supported Pt catalysts

Pt L_III-edge XANES and EXAFS were employed to investigate the nature of Pt/γ-Al₂O₃, Pt−Sn/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pt−Fe/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts. The results indicated that Pt species on these catalysts were all in the oxidized states before reduction, and in the metallic states after reduction. The dispersity of the Pt species on the catalysts was very high after reduction. The electronic properties of the highly dispersed Pt species were different from that of the bulk Pt in large crystallites. An interaction between Pt and the metal-oxide modified γ-Al₂O₃ support is proposed. The interaction improved the dispersity of the Pt species on the catalysts and is thought to be the reason for the enhanced activity and selectivity for dehydrogenation reactions over these catalysts.     

NOx储存催化剂Pt/BaAl2O4-Al2O3的XAFS研究

采用共沉淀-浸渍法在不同载体焙烧温度下,制备了不同Al/Ba原子比的Pt/BaAl2O4-Al2O3系列样品.用XRD, XANES, EXAFS,以及NSC (NOx storage capacity）测定等手段对样品的微观结构和NOx储存性能进行了详细的表征.样品中Ba物种是以BaAl2O4和BaCO3两种混合物相的形式存在,且伴随着载体焙烧温度和Ba含量的降低, BaAl2O4物相的分散度变高, NOx储存活性也随之提高,这表明BaAl2O4相的分散度与样品的NOx储存性能密切相关,小颗粒的BaAl2O4相是NOx的主要储存活性中心.在样品中, Pt物种以金属原子簇形式存在,分散度很高,其Pt－Pt壳层配位数较标样Pt粉有显著下降, Pt－Pt键长变短,出现了纳米收缩现象.高分散的小颗粒金属Pt原子簇为捕获和氧化NOx的主要活性中心.