Excitation of a d-Density wave in an optical lattice with driven tunneling

Quantum phases with unusual symmetries may play a key role in the understanding of solid state systems at low temperatures. We propose a realistic scenario, well in reach of present experimental techniques, which should permit us to produce a stationary quantum state with d x2-y2 symmetry in a two-dimensional bosonic optical square lattice. This state, characterized by alternating rotational flux in each plaquette, arises from driven tunneling implemented by a stimulated Raman scattering process. We discuss bosons in a square lattice; however, more complex systems involving other lattice geometries appear possible.     

Regular and chaotic dynamics of a neutral atom in a magnetic trap

In the framework of the nonlinear mechanics, we study the dynamics of a neutral atom confined in a magnetic quadrupolar trap. Owing to the axial symmetry of the system, the z-component of the angular momentum p _φ is an integral of motion and, in cylindrical coordinates, the dynamics of the atom is modeled by a two-degree of freedom Hamiltonian. The structure and evolution of the phase space as a function of the energy is explored extensively by means of numerical techniques of continuation of families of periodic orbits and Poincaré surfaces of section.     

行波管放大器的非线性混沌特性

以一组非线性方程为基础,从混沌动力学角度,通过计算电子的相空间轨道和辐射场的时空分布图谱,简要分析了行波管放大器的时空混沌特性,计算了行波管输出功率的演化。计算结果表明:行波管放大器辐射场与电子束是一个非线性相互作用的耗散系统,其参数影响整个系统的行为演化,当电流和失谐量等参数变化并超过一定阈值时,系统出现时空混沌特性,输出具有连续的宽频谱性。     

行波管放大器的非线性混沌特性

以一组非线性方程为基础,从混沌动力学角度,通过计算电子的相空间轨道和辐射场的时空分布图谱,简要分析了行波管放大器的时空混沌特性,计算了行波管输出功率的演化。计算结果表明：行波管放大器辐射场与电子束是一个非线性相互作用的耗散系统,其参数影响整个系统的行为演化,当电流和失谐量等参数变化并超过一定阈值时,系统出现时空混沌特性,输出具有连续的宽频谱性。     

Exactly soluble magnetoelastic lattice with a magnetic phase transition

We examine the soluble magnetoelastic Ising model developed by Baker and Essam and give a detailed discussion of its thermodynamic properties. Particular attention is devoted to the properties of the magnetic phase transition at zero field, which is found to be either first order or second order, depending on whether the experiment is performed at negative or positive pressure.Part of this work was done while L. G. was visiting Tel Aviv University. Research supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. GP. 16025 to L. G.     

d-band effects in the lattice dynamics of transition metal carbides

We present the first ab initio. calculation of the d-bandstructure contribution to the acoustic phonon frequencies of NbC. The results, obtained. by freezing in the lattice vibrations within the rigid muffin tin approximation, give anomalies in the longitudinal modes in agreement with experiment. The position of the 〈001〉 and 〈111〉 soft modes are sensitive to the band filling. The transverse anomalies are not explained by pure d-interactions, highlighting the importance of p-d hybridization in the carbides.     

Effects of confinement on the electron and lattice dynamics in metal nanoparticles

Effects of confinement on the electron-electron (e-e) and electron-phonon (e-ph) thermalization dynamics in noble metal clusters are calculated using simple approaches. The model predictions are compared with femtosecond pump-probe measurements which display an acceleration of the e-e and e-ph relaxation dynamics. The size-effects on the e-e relaxation dynamics are consistent with a model involving the surface-induced reduction of the screening efficiency of the Coulomb e-e interaction. With regard to the e-ph relaxation dynamics, this model yields too large time constants, pointing out deficiencies of the standard modelling of the e-ph energy exchanges in bulk metals. Analysis of these deficiencies shows that the bare e-ion interaction has to be involved in the transition matrix element describing the non-adiabatic e-ph energy exchanges.     

Superconductor-insulator transition of Josephson-junction arrays on a honeycomb lattice in a magnetic field

We study the superconductor to insulator transition at zero temperature in aJosephson-junction array model on a honeycomb lattice with f flux quantum perplaquette. The path integral representation of the model corresponds to a (2 + 1)-dimensional classical model, which isused to investigate the critical behavior by extensive Monte Carlo simulations on largesystem sizes. In contrast to the model on a square lattice, the transition is found to befirst order for f = 1 /3 and continuous for f = 1 / 2 but in a different universality class.The correlation-length critical exponent is estimated from finite-size scaling of vortexcorrelations. The estimated universal conductivity at the transition is approximately fourtimes its value for f =0. The results are compared with experimental observations on ultrathinsuperconducting films with a triangular lattice of nanoholes in a transverse magneticfield.     

Shell model lattice dynamics of transition metal oxides

The lattice dynamics of transition metal oxides has been investigated in detail with threebody force shell model which is a successful extension of the shell model and includes the effect of electron shell displacements as well as deformations. The phonon dispersion relations along three principal symmetry directions obtained from this model have been compared with neutron data and found to give better agreement as compared to other models. The complete phonon spectra have also been computed and used to derive the temperature dependence of Debye temperature, and the second-order Raman and infrared spectra. The derived data agree fairly well with the observed ones wherever available.     

Zero-temperature magnetic transition in an easy-axis Kondo lattice model

We address the quantum transition of a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Kondo lattice model with an easy-axis anisotropy using the extended dynamical mean field theory. We derive results in real frequency by using the bosonic numerical renormalization group (BNRG) method and compare them with quantum Monte Carlo results in Matsubara frequency. The BNRG results show a logarithmic divergence in the critical local spin susceptibility, signaling a destruction of Kondo screening. The T=0 transition is consistent with being second order. The BNRG results also display some subtle features; we identify their origin and suggest means for further microscopic studies.     

Models for the dynamics of interacting magnetic nanoparticles

A critical review of models for the dynamics of interacting magnetic nanoparticles is given. It is shown that the basic assumptions in the Dormann–Bessais–Fiorani model are unrealistic. The experimental observations on systems of interacting magnetic nanoparticles can, at least qualitatively, be explained by the model derived by Mørup and Tronc for weakly interacting particles, in combination with a transition to an ordered state in the case of strong interactions.     

Coherent control of charge and lattice dynamics in a photoinduced neutral-to-ionic transition of a charge-transfer compound

Coherent control of a charge-lattice coupled oscillation associated with the neutral (N)-ionic (I) transition was successfully demonstrated for a charge-transfer (CT) compound, tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil, with use of double femtosecond laser pulses. By changing the interval of the two laser pulses, amplitude of the oscillation in the reflectivity for the intramolecular transition band sensitive to the degree of CT was periodically changed. With increase of the pump intensity, the oscillation amplitude was dramatically enhanced. Such an enhancement is discussed in terms of the cooperative nature of the N-I transition.     

Structural and magnetic dynamics of a laser induced phase transition in FeRh

We use time-resolved x-ray diffraction and magneto-optical Kerr effect to study the laser-induced antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in FeRh. The structural response is given by the nucleation of independent ferromagnetic domains (τ(1)~30 ps). This is significantly faster than the magnetic response (τ(2)~60 ps) given by the subsequent domain realignment. X-ray diffraction shows that the two phases coexist on short time scales and that the phase transition is limited by the speed of sound. A nucleation model describing both the structural and magnetic dynamics is presented.     

The influence of a phase transition on the shock wave dynamics in nuclear matter

The propagation of shock waves in nuclear matter undergoing a phase transition is considered in the framework of hydrodynamical approach. It is shown that as a result of phase transition the splitting of the shock wave in two waves occurs in a certain region of energy of the colliding nuclei. Such a splitting may be manifested in energy and angular distributions of the reaction products.     

Investigation of specific features of the lattice dynamics and the ferroelectric transition in perovskite crystals

The specific features of diffuse X-ray scattering in BaTiO₃, KNbO₃, and PbTiP₃ perovskite crystals have been investigated. The former two perovskite compounds in cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic phases exhibit anomalous sheets due to diffuse X-ray scattering, whereas no similar sheets are observed in the case of diffuse X-ray scattering in PbTiO₃. For these compounds, the phonon spectra are calculated in the quasi-harmonic approximation within the polarizable-shell model, and the mechanism of stabilization of the soft mode above the temperature of the phase transition to the ferroelectric state is considered. It is demonstrated that, in the cubic phase of BaTiO₃ and KNbO₃ crystals, there exist quasi-one-dimensional “soft” modes of vibrations of ions in M-O-M-O- chains, where M = Ti or Nb. In PbTiO₃, this feature of the soft mode has not been revealed. The pair correlation functions of simultaneous atomic displacements in BaTiO₃, KNbO₃, and PbTiO₃ are determined and used to calculate the intensity of diffuse X-ray scattering. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data. This is a strong argument in support of the hypothesis that the specific features of diffuse scattering are associated with the existence of quasi-one-dimensional correlations of atomic displacements in the soft optical mode and that the ferroelectric transition in perovskites is a displacive ferroelectric phase transition. The possible influence of the specific features revealed in the phonon spectra of the perovskite crystals on the processes of nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption (extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra) is briefly discussed.