Combined stress waves with phase transition in thin-walled tubes简

The incremental constitutive relation and governing equations with combined stresses for phase transition wave propagation in a thin-walled tube are established based on the phase transition criterion considering both the hydrostatic pressure and the deviatoric stress. It is found that the centers of the initial and subsequent phase transition ellipses are shifted along the σ-axis in the στ-plane due to the tension-compression asymmetry induced by the hydrostatic pressure. The wave solution offers the "fast" and "slow" phase transition waves under combined longitudinal and torsional stresses in the phase transition region. The results show some new stress paths and wave structures in a thin-walled tube with phase transition, differing from those of conventional elastic-plastic materials.     

Oscillatory flow of linear viscoelastic fluids in thin-walled elastico-viscous tubes

Rheologica Acta - The oscillatory flow of a linear visco-elastic fluid in a thin-walled elastico-viscous tube is investigated for the case of long waves. It is found that the elasticity of the...     

Waves in thin-walled elastic tubes containing an incompressible inviscid fluid

The effect of the non-linearity of the governing equations on the propagation of waves in fluid filled elastic tubes is investigated. Results are obtained by the method of characteristics for a particular form of pressure pulse applied at the end of a semi-infinite initially uniform tube. An expression is obtained for the distance along the tube at which shock formation is predicted. Two different hyperelastic materials whose elastic properties model those of biological tissue are considered for the tube walls. Numerical results are presented in graphical form.     

Experimental studies on thin-walled grooved tubes under axial compression

We study experimentally the axial crushing behavior and crashworthiness characteristics of thin-walled steel tubes containing annular grooves. The grooves determine the positions of the folds and control the buckling mode of deformation. In the present work we aim to improve the uniformity of the load-displacement behavior and to predict the energy absorption capacity of the tubes. Grooves are cut circumferentially and alternately inside and outside the tubes at predetermined intervals. Quasi-static axial crushing tests are performed with different groove distances. Photographs are taken during axial buckling and the specimens after crushing are sectioned axially to carry out the measurements. The deformation modes and load-displacement curves are described and energy absorption and mean post-buckling load are determined. The convolutions are achieved by folding in an axisymmetric concertina mode about the circumferential grooves. The results show that the load-displacement curve and energy absorbed by the axial crushing of tubes can be controlled by the introduction of grooves with different distances.     

仿生多胞薄壁管耐撞性分析及优化

为提高薄壁管结构耐撞性,以雀尾螳螂虾螯为仿生原型,结合仿生学设计方法,设计一种含正弦胞元的多胞薄壁管结构。以初始峰值载荷、比吸能和碰撞力效率为耐撞性指标,通过有限元数值模拟分析了不同碰撞角度（0º、10º、20º和30º）条件下,仿生胞元数对薄壁管耐撞性的影响,通过多目标的复杂比例评估法获取仿生薄壁管的最优胞元数。基于不同碰撞角度权重因子组合,设置了4种单一角度工况和3种多角度工况,采用多目标粒子群优化方法获取了不同工况下薄壁管结构最优胞元高宽比和壁厚。复杂比例评估结果表明,胞元数为4的薄壁管为最优晶胞数仿生薄壁管。优化结果表明,单一角度工况下,最优结构参数高宽比的范围为0.88～1.50,壁厚的范围为0.36～0.60 mm,碰撞角度为0º和10º的最优高宽比明显小于碰撞角度为20º和30º的;多角度工况下,最优高宽比范围为1.01～1.10,壁厚范围为0.49～0.57 mm。

     

含诱导缺陷薄壁圆管耐撞性优化设计

运用移动最小二乘曲面拟合技术和遗传算法优化技术,建立一套完整的结构耐撞性优化设计技 术。设计了一个具有高效吸能能力的薄壁圆管结构含诱导缺陷薄壁圆管结构,给出了含缺陷薄壁圆管结 构耐撞性优化设计结果。结果显示,设计的薄壁圆管结构具有好的吸能效果,该结构设计简单,便于在结构设 计中使用。     

Possibility of drag reduction usingd-type roughness

An experiment was carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel to study the turbulence structure of the boundary layer over a two-dimensional square cavity on a flat plate. The main purpose of this investigation is to examine the way a square cavity modifies the near-wall structure of the turbulent boundary layer leading to a possible drag reduction overd-type roughness. The experimental results on pressure coefficient and friction coefficient indicated a small reduction in total drag in this configuration. This seems to be due to the stable vortex flow observed within the cavity which absorbs and reorganizes the incoming turbulence in the cavity, thereby modifying the near-wall turbulence structure of the boundary layer. The resultant turbulence structure was very similar to that over drag-reducing riblets surface.     

粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性研究

以本构关系一般理论为基础,导出了计及材料功硬化效应和应变率硬化效应的粘塑性薄壁管的本构关系及管中复合应力波的控制方程,应用有限差分方法研究了在压扭复合冲击载荷作用下粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性与演化规律,分析了复合应力波的耦合效应以及薄壁管中粘塑性参数和功硬化效应对复合应力波传播与演化规律的影响,并对有关现象进行了分析和解释。     

Lateral compression of thin-walled tubes: Strain measurement by image analysis

An experimental technique based on image analysis is proposed for the measurement of the strain field in tubes subjected to lateral collapse. Data are numerically treated to reduce the experimental error, and a correction to account for the curvature of the profile is introduced. The results, also compared with others obtained with electrical strain gages, confirm the validity of an existing model for strain and crushing force prediction.     

Preparation and analysis of different roughness structures for evaporator tubes

The processes of the phase change in boiling occur at the solid–liquid interface by heat transfer from a solid heating surface to the boiling liquid. The characteristic features of the heating surfaces are therefore of great interest to optimize the design of evaporators. The microstructure with all its peaks and cavities influences directly the wetting and rewetting conditions of the heated surface by the boiling liquid and hence bubble formation and heat transfer. The roughness structures of different evaporator copper tubes with 8 or 25 mm diameter are characterized quantitatively with regard to the cavities offered to nucleation. The surfaces of the heating elements are sandblasted by different means resulting in a stochastic microstructure. The surfaces are investigated by a three-dimensional contactless roughness measurement technique combining the stylus technique with the near field acoustic microscopy. The method opens the possibility to obtain results according to standard for practical applications and additionally delivers detailed information about the three-dimensional shape of each cavity within the surface investigated. The analysis of the microstructure implies the total number of cavities, their local and size distribution calculated by the method of the envelope area. The results of the surface analysis are linked to those of heat transfer and bubble formation discussed in a contribution by Kotthoff and Gorenflo.     

相变复合波在伪弹性TiNi合金薄壁管中的传播

相变可以改变材料的性质,从而严重影响波在介质中传播的结构。采用考虑静水压力和偏应力联合作用的增量型相变本构模型,研究了在拉(压)-扭联合作用下半无限长TiNi合金薄壁管内相变复合波的传播规律。基于广义特征理论分析了相变复合波的特征波速及简单波解的基本性质。利用数值方法研究了两种典型情况下管内相变耦合波传播的规律,管内传播的应力路径和波的结构与初始状态及加载幅值有关,展现出和普通弹塑性材料截然不同的性质。     

An investigation on the external inversion of thin-walled tubes using a die

The production of sound thin-walled tubular parts by external inversion using a die is normally limited to components having geometrical features within a compact range. Recent published works in the field by Sun and Yang [Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 42 (2002) 15] and Sekhon et al. [J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 133 (2003) 24] present new results relevant to process and die design. However, gaps of knowledge can still be found in understanding the influence of interface friction on the material flow and the effect of strain path and material damage on the occurrence of fracture. The aim of this paper is to contribute to an extension of the actual knowledge of the process by means of a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation. Theoretical investigation is accomplished by using virtual prototyping modeling techniques based on the finite element method. Experimental work is performed on Aluminum Al6060 industrial tubes and it is mainly utilized for supporting and validating the theoretical investigation.     

Some considerations on instability of combined loaded thin-walled tubes with a crack

Instability of a thin-walled stainless steel tube with a crack-shaped defect under combined loading is studied in this paper. Furthermore, the effects of the tube length, crack orientation, and crack length on the buckling behavior of tubes are investigated. The behavior of tubes subjected to combined is analyzed by using the finite element method (by Abaqus software). For cracked tubes with a fixed thickness, the buckling load decreases as the tube length and the ratio of the tube length to its diameter increase. Moreover, the buckling load of cracked tubes under combined loading also decreases with increasing crack length.     

Buckling and post-buckling of long pressurized elastic thin-walled tubes under in-plane bending

The present paper focuses on the structural stability of long uniformly pressurized thin elastic tubular shells subjected to in-plane bending. Using a special-purpose non-linear finite element technique, bifurcation on the pre-buckling ovalization equilibrium path is detected, and the post-buckling path is traced. Furthermore, the influence of pressure (internal and/or external) as well as the effects of radius-to-thickness ratio, initial curvature and initial ovality on the bifurcation moment, curvature and the corresponding wavelength, are examined. The local character of buckling in the circumferential direction is also demonstrated, especially for thin-walled tubes. This observation motivates the development of a simplified analytical formulation for tube bifurcation, which considers the presence of pressure, initial curvature and ovality, and results in closed-form expressions of very good accuracy, for tubes with relatively small initial curvature. Finally, aspects of tube bifurcation are illustrated using a simple mechanical model, which considers the ovalized pre-buckling state and the effects of pressure.     

负高斯曲率曲面薄壁管吸能特性研究

为设计出具备优良吸能特性的薄壁结构,提出一种新型负高斯曲率曲面圆形横截面薄壁管(negative Gaussian curvature surface circular tube, NGC-C)。利用经验证的有限元分析方法对其进行轴向动态冲击模拟,提取各项性能指标,借助复杂比例评估法(complex proportion assessment, COPRAS)将其与传统薄壁吸能结构进行了综合性能对比。采用拉丁超立方抽样法从设计空间中提取样本点并获取各样本点对应性能响应值,建立代理模型。基于该代理模型,借助改进非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-Ⅱ)对其进行了多目标优化设计。结果表明：NGC-C综合性能优于传统薄壁吸能结构,经优化后比吸能提高了16.47%,有效压溃长度降低了12.40%,质量减少了20.18%。将负高斯曲率曲面形态引入薄壁管构型,能够提高薄壁管的耐撞性和轴向抗变形能力。