柱状锗等离子体状态的时空分辨诊断

在四靶串接X光激光实验中,用时间分辨晶体谱仪记录了类Ne锗共振线及其类Na伴线的时间扫描特性。测出了这些谱线的辐射持续时间(FWHM)约为0.95ns。考察了锗等离子体电子温度T_e随时间的演化,观测到T_e≥400eV的维持时间大于1.2ns。用空间分辨晶体谱仪诊断得到锗等离子体电子温度T_e和电子密度n_e的轴向分布,其平均值T_e=4.9×10~2eV,n_e=1.2×10~(20)/cm~3。     

利用Hβ线的Stark加宽计算激光诱导Cu等离子体的电子密度

潮湿空气中,利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光烧蚀Cu靶获得等离子体发射光谱,依据谱线波长和相对强度等信息计算了等离子体的电子温度;在此基础上,分别用三种方法由Hβ线的Stark加宽计算得到电子密度,并对结果进行了比较分析,证实：对于电子密度在1015~1016cm-3范围内的等离子体,用Hβ谱线测量电子密度是可靠的. 讨论了等离子体电子温度和电子密度在垂直于靶面方向的空间分布,并从产生机制的角度解释了等离子体的传播过程.     

小尺寸瞬态等离子体电子密度光谱法试验研究

本文对SCB等离子体发射光谱进行了试验研究,在局部热力学平衡条件下,用AlⅠ394.40nm谱线Stark的展宽法测量了SCB等离子体的电子密度;在发射光谱和Saha方程理论的基础上,设计并建立一套测试仪器,时间分辨率为0.1μs,将其测量的电子密度与同种试验条件下的Stark展宽法得到的结果相比较,电子密度的数量级都为1015cm-3－1016cm-3,且随时间的变化的规律相同。     

HT-7装置逆磁测量

通过在HT 7装置的内真空室安装一对同心圆逆磁线圈 ,并运用软件补偿的方法 ,对HT 7装置的逆磁通量进行了测量。在杂散场测量与软件补偿实验中 ,发现同心圆逆磁线圈感应的杂散信号主要来自垂直场、涡流电流、等离子体电流和纵场电流的变化。逆磁测量结果表明 ,在等离子体线平均密度 ne 很低时 ( ne <2 .2 ×10 1 3cm- 3) ,HT 7等离子体的总体能量约束时间τE 随 ne 线性变化 ;在 ne 很高时 ( ne >2 .2 × 10 1 3cm- 3) ,τE 则趋于饱和 ,其饱和值约为 2 1ms。并运用计算机统计分析的方法给出了欧姆加热的τE 定标律为τE =1.5 7 ne0 .72±0 .0 4 ×Ip0 .35± 0 .0 2 B0 .31 ± 0 .0 3T 。     

Z箍缩Al等离子体X特征辐射谱线数值模拟及考虑叠加效应后的修正

采用基于细致能级的非局域热动平衡模型,对"强光一号"装置10174发次Z箍缩铝等离子体特征辐射谱进行细致的分析和计算,提取电子密度约为3.5×1021cm-3.数值计算结果显示,采用单一等离子体状态参数不能很好地描述等离子体辐射特征谱线.在进一步的分析计算中,本文初步考虑高温区域和低温区域等离子体特征辐射谱线的叠加效应,将等离子体划分为高温高密度和低温低密度两部分,分析了两部分等离子体辐射对总辐射谱的贡献,并给出了修正后的等离子体辐射谱线.考虑叠加效应后,Heα伴线显著增强,计算结果改善明显.     

激光诱导Ni等离子体特性的研究

以Nd·YAG激光器的二倍频输出作为激发源,获得了激光诱导Ni等离子体的发射光谱,基于发射光谱,对等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度进行了测量,其典型值分别为3 714 K,4.67×1016 cm-3。测量了等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度的空间分布,发现沿垂直于激光传播方向的径向,随到中心点距离的增加,等离子体辐射的强度减小,但线型和线宽不变,表明等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度沿径向均匀分布。沿激光传播方向,随到样品表面距离的增加,等离子体辐射强度、电子激发温度和电子密度先增加后降低,在距样品表面1.5 mm处,达到最大值。采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术进行相关探测时,收集距离样品表面1.5 mm处的发射谱,有利于提高探测灵敏度。     

Al激光等离子体Stark加宽光谱观测

用YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06μm激光,在高真空下轰击Al靶,观测到9条AlⅠ,AlⅡ和AlⅢ的等离子体谱线。利用高分辨率双光栅单色仪和光学多道分析仪(OMA),对谱线的Stark加宽和线型进行了测量。得到Al等离子体的电子密度沿靶面法向的分布,测得电子密度在1.0×l017～1.l×l018cm-3范围。利用谱线峰值法估算了等离子体的温度约为1.5×l05K。测量结果与半经典理论的计算基本符合     

大气压下石英毛细管内氩等离子体放电的发射光谱诊断

在长度为20 cm的石英毛细管内利用两个边缘锋利的中空的针型电极之间的氩气放电产生了高电子密度的大气压等离子体。利用发射光谱对所获得的等离子体的几个重要参数进行了诊断。利用计算机谱线拟合法合成了300 nm附近OH(A-X)的(0-0)转动谱带并通过与测量谱线的比较确定了等离子体的气体温度,根据H_β谱线Stark展宽法计算了等离子体的电子密度,采用玻尔兹曼曲线斜率法依据测得的有关氩的发射光谱估算了等离子体的电子温度。研究结果表明,这种石英毛细管内弧光放电等离子体的气体温度约为(1 100±50)K;电子密度数量级在1014 cm-3;电子温度约为(14 515±500)K。     

预制小孔对激光诱导不锈钢等离子体辐射的增强作用

为了研究预制小孔对激光诱导不锈钢等离子体辐射特性的影响,在常压下空气中,利用高能量钕玻璃脉冲激光烧蚀不锈钢样品,由组合式多功能光栅光谱仪和CCD光谱采集处理系统记录等离子体光谱,并通过测量光谱线的强度和半高全宽度分别计算了等离子体电子温度和电子密度。研究结果表明,当一束高能量激光(～5J)作用于表面放置直径为1.5 mm、深度为0.8 mm的预制小孔的不锈钢样品时,激光等离子体发射的谱线强度提高了71.5%～125.8%,光谱信背比提高了7.6%～18.5%;而等离子体温度和电子密度分别提高了1 200 K和1.21×1016cm-3。证明了预制小孔对激光诱导不锈钢等离子体辐射有明显的增强作用。     

激光诱导等离子体LTE态判定方法研究

针对目前等离子体温度测量中常用的Boltzmann平面法和双线法的测量精度较差的问题,提出结合Boltzmann-Maxwell分布和Saha-Eggert公式来提高等离子温度的测量精度;根据高斯公式的面积与峰值关系建立了发射谱线线宽的简便算法,并通过谱线的Stark展宽计算等离子体的电子密度;建立了以McWhirter准则的等离子局部热平衡(LTE)态判据。以铝为被测样品的实验结果表明,随着激光能量的增加,等离子体温度和电子密度随之呈线性上升趋势;激光能量在127～510 mJ范围内的等离子体电子密度变化范围为1.305 32×1017～1.873 22×1017 cm-3,等离子体温度的变化范围为12 586～12 957 K,根据McWhirter准则本实验中所有等离子体均满足LTE态阈值条件;针对在光谱仪波段内可观测到的处于同一电离态谱线相对较少的铝元素,在不适合用Boltzmann平面法计算温度时,利用Saha-Boltzmann方法对100组铝等离子体光谱进行温度测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%,相比于双线法的1.3%,大幅提高了测量精度。该计算方法可用于快速计算等离子体温度、电子密度及判断等离子体LTE态,在自由定标、光谱有效性分析、谱线的温度校正、确定最佳采光位置以及等离子体LTE分布状态等研究中都有较高的应用价值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.