级联长周期光纤光栅对的干涉谱分析及其在多信道滤波器中的应用

分析了由光纤级联的两个相同的长周期光纤光栅形成的干涉谱。根据设计中的关键技术,利用粒子群优化算法设计了长周期光纤光栅传输损耗为50％的平坦传输损耗谱.将相同的两个优化设计的长周期光纤光栅级联,可以实现一种实用的可调谐多信道隔离滤波器.讨论了级联长周期光纤光栅对之间光纤的偏振特性对干涉谱的影响.     

长周期光纤光栅的分析和优化设计

利用传输矩阵法对相移和变迹长周期光纤光栅的传输特性进行了计算和分析,提出长周期光纤光栅传输谱的相移优化设计方法.采用非均匀相移的设计思想,优化长周期光纤光栅的传输谱.和传统的均匀相移和变迹长周期光纤光栅相比,可以有效消除长周期光纤光栅谐振波长附近的旁瓣,并保证其传输性能.计算和分析结果表明:这种方法比传统的变迹优化设计方法更有效.     

基于微弯效应的长周期光纤光栅的研究

用两个周期为600μm,齿宽为200μm的周期性刻槽板彼此错开从上下两面对单模光纤施压,在光纤中形成了微弯式长周期光纤光栅。由于齿宽小于二分之一周期,可产生更深的光纤微弯调制,获得更大的交流交叉耦合系数。通过测量两个光栅长度分别为6 cm和12 cm的微弯式长周期光纤光栅在不同压力下的透射谱,研究了峰值损耗、附加损耗、损耗谱半峰全宽与压力和光栅长度的关系。对于长12 cm的微弯式长周期光纤光栅,在第一饱和压力点峰值损耗达到19.2 dB,损耗谱半峰全宽(FWHM)为20 nm,附加损耗只有0.26 dB;经过三次过耦合得到34 dB的峰值损耗。然后用理论结合实验数据分析发现当光纤所受压力小于饱和压力时,光纤光栅交流交叉耦合系数与压力成正比。     

单端面透射模式长周期光栅的设计和测试

本文设计了一种单端面长周期光栅透射模式折射率传感器。首先,将2×2单模光纤耦合器输入端的一个光纤接头与光源相连接、输出端的两个光纤接头分别与光谱分析仪和长周期光栅的一个光纤接头相连接。然后,在包含长周期光栅的光纤另一个端面溅射反射银膜。最后,以一系列不同折射率的甘油水溶液为待测液体介质研究了直接透射模式与单端面镀银膜模式下长周期光栅的响应光谱的异同。实验结果表明:单端面镀银膜的长周期光栅的响应光谱仍然以透射谱的形式出现。对于同一种液体,单端面镀银膜的长周期光栅与直接透射模式的长周期光栅的响应光谱有着近乎相同的谐振波长值,但它们的光损耗存在一定的差异。在0~80%的甘油溶液中,直接透射模式下的光损耗从-12.92 dB变为-16.28 dB,再逐渐变到-13.22 dB;单端面镀银膜模式下的光损耗从-13.13 dB变为-13.74 dB,再逐渐变到-11.45dB。与直接透射模式相比,单端面镀银膜的长周期光栅的相对光损耗与甘油浓度的线性关系更加良好。本研究设计的长周期光栅测量系统采用单端面探头的方式检测环境介质,因而在测量中操作更加灵活方便,非常适合于远距离、恶劣环境或深层液体环境中的折射率测量。     

800nm高能量飞秒激光脉冲刻写长周期光纤光栅机理

基于800nm飞秒激光脉冲对标准单模光纤采用非载氢技术刻写长周期光纤光栅的机理进行了研究.搭建了水平、垂直双CCD视频监控的飞秒激光脉冲逐点刻蚀长周期光纤光栅系统,研究了光栅长度、激光脉冲能量和光栅占空比等参数对光栅光谱特性的影响.研究结果表明,当光栅周期长度不变,光栅周期数和激光脉冲能量的变化使光栅谐振峰强度发生变化,光栅透射谱是单峰的;光栅占空比的改变导致光栅谐振峰由单峰转变为多峰.在谐振波长1 540nm处,得带谐振峰强度达到15dB、带外损耗不足2dB,在3dB衰减处带宽为15nm的谐振透射谱.     

双面曝光长周期光纤光栅偏振相关损耗

研究了采用高频CO2激光脉冲通过单面和双面曝光制作出的长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的偏振相关损耗特性。单面曝光制作的长周期光纤光栅由于光纤横截面折射率改变不均匀,对入射光偏振态有较强的依赖性,主要表现为偏振相关损耗较大;为了降低偏振相关损耗,在制作长周期光纤光栅的过程中采用双面曝光的方法,以使其横截面折射率调制受高频CO2激光曝光改变均匀。实验数据显示,高频CO2激光脉冲制作的普通单面曝光长周期光纤光栅最大偏振相关损耗高达1.24 dB,而采用双面曝光的相同谐振峰值长周期光纤光栅的偏振相关损耗则可降至0.42 dB。因此,双面曝光制作的长周期光纤光栅能较好地克服入射光偏振态的不良影响,从而满足对偏振敏感的光纤通信和传感系统的应用要求。     

级联长周期光栅光谱特性

利用传输矩阵法分析了级联长周期光栅的光谱特性,讨论了级联处光纤的长度、位置以及包层模损耗系数对级联长周期光栅光谱的影响,并对级联长周期光栅和相移长周期光栅的光谱进行了比较。结果表明两者光谱存级联光纤长度较小或级联位置靠近光栅两端时具有较强的一致性,而在级联处光纤较长并且级联位置在中间时,两者表现出截然不同的光谱特性;在不考虑其他损耗的情况下,如果只改变级联处光纤长度,级联长周期光栅总量守恒;此外,当级联长周期光栅在级联处光纤包层模损耗系数较大时,级联长周期光栅的光谱等效于两个长周期光栅光谱的非相干叠加,从而为长周期光栅增益均衡器的优化设计和制作提供了一个简便有效的方法。     

长周期光纤光栅耦合模理论分析

长周期光纤光栅作为透射型光无源器件,以其在通信和传感领域具有广阔应用前景而引起人们的关注。要得到满足性能要求的光纤光栅,对其透射谱的分析是基础。通过耦合模方程确定了基模和一阶各次包层模之间的耦合常数。在设定的光纤光栅参数条件下,通过Matlab进行模拟得到了最终需要的长周期光纤光栅透射谱,并由此得出：长周期光纤光栅谐振波长出现的位置主要由光栅的周期决定,损耗大小可以通过调节光栅长度和折射率来实现。     

薄膜消光系数对镀膜长周期光纤光栅传输谱的影响

在长周期光纤光栅外镀折射率随环境变化而改变的敏感薄膜,其谐振波长随薄膜折射率的变化而改变。对无吸收薄膜,光栅耦合强度为π/2时,其传输谱中谐振波长对应的损耗峰峰值为零。镀复折射率薄膜的长周期光纤光栅,耦合强度为π/2时,损耗峰不为零,在谐振波长对薄膜折射率变化响应灵敏的区域,包层模传输常数的虚部较大,损耗峰幅值减小,甚至消失,不利于谐振波长的测量。通过求解镀复折射率薄膜长周期光纤光栅的耦合模方程,得到了损耗峰峰值的解析解。找到了损耗峰为零的条件。在此条件下设计光栅,可以有效地避免损耗峰减小带来的不利因素。     

一种基于新型长周期光纤光栅的动态增益均衡器

报道了一种用高频CO²激光脉冲写出的长周期光纤光栅的温度特性和弯曲特性.实验表明,这种长周期光纤光栅的波长漂移随温度的变化呈线性关系,它的透射峰幅值变化随弯曲量的变化也呈线性关系.基于这两种线性关系,通过控制新型长周期光纤光栅的谐振峰位置和幅度,动态平坦了一组掺铒光纤放大器增益谱线.实验结果表明在C波段32nm范围内掺铒光纤放大器增益谱线平坦度可动态调整为±0.7dB.     

Single- to three-wavelength switchable ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on intracavity induced loss by a long-period holey fiber grating

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a versatile and simple single-, dual- and three-wavelength switchable ytterbium-doped fiber laser using the intracavity induced-loss generated by a mechanically induced long-period grating (MLPFG) in a holey fiber. The laser net gain in the cavity is reshaped through the MLPFG by adjusting the twist rate and the pressure of the holey fiber in the long-period grating. In this way, the twist response of the MLPFG enables the laser to switch between the single-, dual-, and three-wavelength operations and the tuning of the simultaneous two- and three-wavelengths. These results are of great interest in the design of flexible multiwavelength sources with a tunable capability on their wavelengths.     

High-sensitivity pressure sensors based on mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings and fiber loop ring-down

A transverse pressure sensor with high-sensitivity based on a mechanically induced long-period fiber grating (MLPFG) and fiber loop ring-down technique is presented. When a MLPFG is spliced into a fiber loop, an extra loss is introduced, which leads to a decrease of the ring-down time. The results demonstrate that the difference between the reciprocals of the ring-down time with and without pressure increases exponentially with increasing the pressure in the range of 0-23.4 MPa. This sensor shows good repeatability, and the least detectable pressure is only 0.0068 MPa which is about 18 times less than detecting the output light intensity directly.     

三角形谱啁啾光纤光栅的制备及其在光纤无线单边带调制系统中的应用

本文涉及一种三角形谱啁啾光纤光栅的制备以及其在光纤无线(radio over fiber,RoF)单边带调制系统中的应用.基于相位掩模法和变速度折射率调制,实验制备了底部变化范围1.9 nm、透射深度0—15 dB的三角形谱啁啾光纤Bragg光栅,利用其透射谱具有较大负向斜边,研究了其在RoF系统中的应用.方案仅使用一个三角形谱光纤光栅,实现了以下两种功能: 1)双边带调制信号到单边带调制信号转换; 2)降低信号的载波边带比(carrier-to-sideband ratio,CSR),提高接收灵敏度.并 关键词： 光纤通信 微波光子 光纤布拉格光栅 单边带调制     

The optimization design of tilt-Spectral fiber Bragg grating and its application in SSB modulation based Radio over Fiber system

Based on theoretical analysis and simulation software, the paper researched the performance of transmission after using tilt-Spectral fiber Bragg grating for SSB modulation in Radio over Fiber system. The study concluded that DSB signal can be converted to SSB signal by using tilt-Spectral fiber Bragg grating, and inhibit the carrier power. There are two ideal conditions for a best grating. First, one side of DSB signal will be completely filtered, while the other side remains the same power. Secondly, carrier power equals to sideband power in SSB signal, which means that carrier-to-sideband ratio is 0 dB. As the result, the best tilt-Spectral fiber Bragg grating is designed. Transmitting the SSB signal which is filtered by the best grating in optical fiber not only eliminates the phenomenon that output amplitude change with the transmission distance cyclically, it also enhances the transmission efficiency and receiver sensitivity.     

Optimization of Mechanically Induced Long-Period Fibre Grating Transmission Spectrum

A new double-layer grating template is designed to reduce the out-of-band loss as much as 1.8dB when the loss of LPo3 reaches 10.2 dB. Meanwhile, we propose a method to remove the sidelobes in the transmission spectra by the adjustment of the thickness of pressure plates. The plate-thickness-induced shift of resonant wavelength and the attenuation of loss peak intensity when removing sidelobes can be modified by the fibre distance and contact point on the pressure plates.     

Temperature impact on mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings

The spectral response of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (MLPFG) to the ambient temperature variation was experimentally study. In the MLPFG setting, a pressure rig with aluminum grooved plates on standard telecommunication fiber was used. We found that a relatively low change in temperature can produce a severe impact on the characteristic parameters of the attenuation bands, such as a critical decrease in the contrast and fast shift saturation. When the temperature increases from −10 to 70 °C, all the bands are shifted toward longer wavelengths with a mean sensitivity of approximately 180 pm/°C from 0 to 40 °C in the near-linear region, then they present a flattened zone beyond this temperature. Meanwhile, the contrast of the attenuation bands rapidly decreases from the maximum value to 0 dB with a quasi-cosinoidal behavior. These results are important and have to be considered when MLPFG are applied in a medium with ambient temperature variation. Furthermore, we show that MLPFG can be used as low cost ambient temperature sensors through intensity based measurements.     

基于侧边抛磨光纤的表面布拉格光栅温度传感器

为了实现在侧边抛磨光纤（SPF）上制作布拉格光栅结构并提高器件设计灵活性,利用重铬酸盐明胶（DCG）作为光刻材料,提出一种新型的光纤表面布拉格光栅制作方法并对该器件温度传感特性进行研究。使用轮式抛磨系统制作SPF,并在SPF侧抛面上旋涂DCG,通过干涉光束曝光显影制作表面布拉格光栅。光谱测量表明:带有布拉格光栅的侧边抛磨光纤在1 480.2 nm处有透射谷,在相应位置反射谱有明显反射峰,其调制幅度达到15.9 dB,这是由于表面光栅的布拉格反射所致。温度传感实验表明,该布拉格反射峰的温度灵敏度为17.84 pm/℃。这种器件已在光纤传感和光纤滤波器等方面获得应用。     

用于光纤布拉格光栅法布里-珀罗腔的改进的Rouard算法

比较了光纤布拉格光栅法布里一珀罗腔的极限法、平衡法及传输矩阵法3种算法,证明了它们是一致的,指出了光纤布拉格光栅复振幅传输矩阵的相移特性对法布里一珀罗腔透射率的影响.对计算任意折射率调制的光纤布拉格光栅的Rouard算法进行了改进,在分层方法中考虑了折射率分布初始相位的影响,获得了更为准确的反射复振幅相位特性,将该结果应用于计算光纤布拉格光栅法布里一珀罗腔,得到了光纤布拉格光栅法布里一珀罗腔具有多峰结构的透射谱,并经过实验验证了该理论的正确性.     

Single-sideband modulated radio-over-fiber system based on long period fiber grating

We present a prototype for optical single-sideband (SSB) modulated radio-over-fiber (RoF) system by employing a long period fiber grating (LPFG). A LPFG with 13.78 nm base width of transmission spectrum and 0?23.2 dB of transmission depth was designed by using commercial software. Then it is used in RoF SSB modulation scheme. In the scheme, a Mach?Zehnder modulator modulates the light wave with millimeter-wave driving signals to realize optical double-sideband (ODSB) modulation, the generated ODSB modulation signals pass through a LPFG. Due to the negative slope in transmission spectrum, the lower sideband experiences higher attenuation than the upper sideband. Thus the conversion from ODSB to optical single sideband with carrier (OSSB + C) can be easily achieved by using only one LPFG. Also, the carrier to sideband ratio (CSR) can be reduced by using a LPFG, results show the CSR can be decreased from 12.49 dB to 1.1 dB.     

Single-step writing of Bragg grating waveguides in fused silica with an externally modulated femtosecond fiber laser

For the first time to our knowledge, high-strength (>30 dB) first-order Bragg grating waveguides were fabricated in bulk fused silica glass in a single-scanning step by modulating a high-repetition-rate femtosecond fiber laser with an external acousto-optic modulator. The modulation induced a waveguide segmentation by delivering controlled bursts of laser pulses to define an array of partially overlapped refractive index voxels. With appropriate choice of modulation frequency and sample scanning speed, low loss waveguides could be formed at high writing speeds to yield sharp Bragg spectral resonances tunable over the 1300 to 1550 nm telecom band. Effects of acousto-optic modulation duty cycle on propagation loss and grating strength are characterized. This modulation method offers facile control and integration of multiwavelength Bragg grating devices to enhance overall functionality of optical circuits in three-dimensional geometries.