Beyond mean field approach to the beta decay of medium mass nuclei relevant for nuclear astrophysics

The Gamow-Teller strength distributions for the β decay of the ground state as well as the lowest excited states of the rp-process waiting point nuclei ⁶⁸Se and ⁷²Kr are obtained within the complex Excited Vampir variational approach using realistic effective interactions and a rather large model space. The shape mixing is consistently described for both the states in the even-even parent and the states in the odd-odd daugther nucleus. The influence of the shape mixing accounted by the different effective interactions used and comparison with the available data are presented. The possible influence of the decay of the lowest excited states of the parent nuclei in the astrophysical environment of X-ray bursts is discussed.Gamow-Teller strength distributions, β-decay half-lives, and β-delayed neutron emission probabilities for neutron-rich Zr nuclei are investigated for the first time within the complex Excited Vampir approach using a large model space. Comparison with available data and predictions relevant for the astrophysical r process are presented.     

Beta-transition properties for neutron-rich Sn and Te isotopes by Pyatov method

Based on Pyatov’s method, the low-lying Gamow-Teller (GT) 1⁺ state energies and log(ft) values for ^128,130,132Sb and ^132,134,136I isotopes have been calculated. In this method, the strength parameter of the effective spin-isospin interaction is found by providing the commutativity of the GT operator with the central part of the nuclear Hamiltonian. The problem has been solved within the framework of RPA. The calculation results have been compared with the corresponding experimental data.      

A short history of nuclear magnetic moments and GT transitions

We summarize the history and our present understanding of nuclear magnetic moments and Gamow-Teller transitions.The roles of configuration mixing,meson exchange currents and relativistic effects are examined.Experimental evidence for the importance of tensor correlations is also discussed.     

Beta decay rates for nuclei with 115<A<140 for r-process nucleosynthesis

For r-process nucleosynthesis the β-decay rates for a number of neutron-rich intermediate heavy nuclei are calculated. The model for the β-strength function is able to reproduce the observed half-lives quite well.     

Spectral distribution theory—Some recent applications

The application of spectral distribution theory for binding energy, spectra and occupancies using universal-sd interaction in (sd) shell and for Gamow-Teller and M1 strength sums in both (fp) and (sd)-shell is described.     

EC/β+ decay of six medium-heavy nuclei

Previous experimental results of (EC+β+) decay for the medium-heavy nuclei reported by our group since 1996, including 153Er, 157Yb, 209Fr, 128Ce, 130Ce, and 128Pr have been briefly summarized. The observed low-lying states in their daughter nuclei have been reviewed in a systematic way and compared with different model calculations. Finally, some questions have been put forward for further study and discussion.     

Relativistic chiral mean field model for finite nuclei

We present a method for proper treatment of pion-exchange interaction in the nuclear many-body problem in a relativistic chiral mean field (RCMF) model. The pionic correlation is expressed in 2-particle 2-hole (2p–2h) states in addition to the standard mean field state, to describe the full strength of pionic correlations. The effect of the short-range repulsion is included by way of the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM) for the central part of the pion-exchange interaction. We apply the RCMF model to ¹²C and ¹⁶O. The convergence of pionic energy contributions is realized with pionic quantum number Jπ$J^{\pi }$ up to 10⁻ for ¹²C and 11⁺ for ¹⁶O. The pion-exchange interaction gives the dominant contribution to the binding energy. The pion plays an important role in the formation of the jj  -magic shell effect by way of the Pauli-blocking mechanism of the pion-exchange interaction. The lower pionic quantum numbers Jπ?³⁺$J^{\pi }?3^{+}$ are the dominant components of the nuclear surface structure.     

Therapeutic opportunities in biological responses of ultrasound

The therapeutic benefits of several existing ultrasound-based therapies such as facilitated drug delivery, tumor ablation and thrombolysis derive largely from physical or mechanical effects. In contrast, ultrasound can also trigger various time-dependent biochemical responses in the exposed biological milieu. Several biological responses to ultrasound exposure have been previously described in the literature but only a handful of these provide therapeutic opportunities. These include the use of ultrasound for healing of soft tissues and bones, the use of ultrasound for inducing non-necrotic tumor atrophy as well as for potentiation of chemotherapeutic drugs, activation of the immune system, angiogenesis and suppression of phagocytosis. A review of these therapeutic opportunities is presented with particular emphasis on their mechanisms. Overall, this review presents the increasing importance of ultrasound’s role as a biological sensitizer enabling novel therapeutic strategies.     

Parallelization of the polarizable embedding scheme for higher-order response functions

We present a parallel implementation of the Polarizable Embedding (PE) method, an advanced quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, for Hartree–Fock (PE-HF) and density functional theory (PE-DFT). The parallelization includes calculations of energies and linear, quadratic, and cubic response functions. The couplings to the QM system due to the polarizable embedding potential have been implemented using a master/slave approach. The implementation shows good scaling behaviour, demonstrated through calculations on a small (a water molecule in a bulk of water molecules) and a larger system (Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)).     

Analysis of transient responses in a laminated piezoelectric cylindrical shell

A hybrid numerical method is proposed for analysis of transient responses in a multilayered piezoelectric cylindrical shell.In the present method,the associated equations of the displacement field and the electro-potential field are developed using an analytical-numerical method.The piezoelectric cylindrical shell is discretized into layered annular elements along the wall thickness direction.The governing equations are determined by Hamilton's Principle considering the coupling between the elastic and elec...     

Enhanced suppression of residual water in a "270" WET sequence

In certain water suppression experiments, the residual water, which comes from a region away from the center of the RF coil and experiences a much smaller flip angle than the designed one, may appear. The residual water in the WET sequence can be reduced significantly by using a composite 90(x)( degrees )90(y)( degrees )90(-x)( degrees )90(-y)( degrees ) pulse, which de-excites molecules experiencing a small flip angle. The composite pulse, however, has two null excitation points near on resonance, causing a severe loss of spectrum intensity and baseline distortion toward the null points. Since the residual water experiences a very small flip angle, it can be treated as a linear spin system; i.e., the intensity of the residual water is proportional to the pulse strength and width. Based on this principle, the residual water can be reduced dramatically by replacing the 90 degrees pulse in the "270" WET sequence with a 270 degrees pulse for one out of every four scans, without noticeable loss of intensity and baseline distortion.     

Measuring short impulse responses with inverse filtered maximum-length sequences

Most loudspeakers have a non-flat frequency response which produces a long oscillating impulse response. An inverse filtering approach may be used to calculate the driving waveform necessary to equalize the response of the loudspeaker in order to radiate shorter acoustic pulses. When combined with the MLS technique, inverse filtering may be used to pre-emphasize the driving signal so that a shorter impulse response, with a prescribed waveform, is measured. This technique is described and illustrated by applying it to a distributed mode loudspeaker. Originally, this loudspeaker has a rather irregular response in a wide band. When the MLS signal is pre-emphasized with the proper inverse filter, a shorter impulse response is measured with a zero-phase cosine-magnitude spectrum.     

声激励下低旋流火焰动态响应特性研究

针对声激励下甲烷/空气预混低旋流火焰动态响应特性开展实验研究.声激励频率为55～295 Hz,相对幅值为0.1～0.3.采用光电倍增管记录火焰自发OH*荧光信号,采用双麦克风法测量入口气流速度脉动,采用高速相机捕获火焰结构动态响应过程.实验结果表明,小幅值激励下火焰时均结构变化不明显,大幅值低频激励下火焰长度明显增加,...     

选择模激励下塑料光纤频率响应特性的研究

由于塑料光纤有诸多优点,可以替代同轴电缆作为短距离通信网的传输介质。给出梯度塑料光纤的带宽计算模型,利用该模型计算了一系列选择模激励条件下塑料光纤频率响应特性,从而研究其带宽特性,并研究了不同光源线宽对光纤系统带宽的影响,得出的结论对塑料光纤的实际应用有一定指导意义。     

Hadrons in nuclei

Changes of hadronic properties in dense nuclear matter as predicted by theory have usually been investigated by means of relativistic heavy-ion reactions. In this talk I show that observable consequences of such changes can also be seen in more elementary reactions on nuclei. Particular emphasis is put on a discussion of photonuclear reactions; examples are the dilepton production at ≈1 GeV and the hadron production in nuclei at 10–20 GeV photon energies. The observable effects are expected to be as large as in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and can be more directly related to the underlying hadronic changes.     

Charm in nuclei

The cooled antiproton beam at the HESR of the upcoming FAIR facility in combination with the PANDA detector will open a new comprehensive program in hadron physics. In this contribution we focus on the perspectives to study the properties of charmed hadrons in nuclear matter in antiproton-nucleus collisions. The theoretical predictions for medium modifications of mesons with both open and hidden charm are reviewed. Various proposed approaches to access their in-medium masses and widths experimentally are critically discussed. In particular, the concept to determine the J/ψ-nucleon dissociation cross section in a measurement of antiproton induced J/ψ production from different target nuclei is described. Finally, the results of first detailed simulation studies on the identification of this reaction channel in di-leptonic J/ψ decays at PANDA are presented.