Self-assembly of a new series of quadruply hydrogen bonded heterotrimers driven by the donor-acceptor interaction

This paper describes the self-assembly of a new series of heterotrimers in chloroform-d by utilizing the cooperative interaction of hydrogen bonding and donor-acceptor interaction. Compounds 1 and 11, in which an 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone unit is connected to 34-crown-10 or 36-crown-10, were used as donor monomer, and 2 and 19, in which an 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone unit is connected to NDI, were used as acceptor monomer, while linear compound 4, which contains two diamido-1,8-naphthyridines, was used as template. A large tri-p-(t-butyl)phenylmethoxyl group was introduced to 19 in order to compare its assembling behavior with that of 2. Mixing 4 with dimer 1·2 caused 1·2 to fully decompose and to afford 55% of ‘in-in’-oriented heterotrimer 1·4·2. Adding 4 to the solution of 2·11 or 11·19 in chloroform-d also led to full dissociation of the dimers. However, in these systems the ‘in-in’-arranged heterotrimer 2·4·11 or 11·4·19 could be produced exclusively.     

A Structural Study of Tautomerism and Hydrogen-Bonding in Supramolecular Assemblies

The synthesis and X-ray structures of four new crystalline materials incorporating ’dimers’ assembled from two different units possessing complementary hydrogen bonding motifs are reported; namely, phthalimide and 3-iminoisoindolinone or 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (or selected methylated derivatives) and 2-guanidinobenzoxazole. The bonding within each dimer involves a triplet of hydrogen bonds. The extended supramolecular structures are compared with each other as well as with two related structures described previously. The effect of using complementary DAD/ADA motifs that are not symmetrical on the respective supramolecular structures is also examined as is the prospect of incorporating different tautomeric components into the supramolecular structures. The presence of a very short, proton-transferred hydrogen bond within the respective triplets is also discussed.     

Chromatographic investigation of the hydrophobic properties of isomeric naphthalene derivatives

Summary Selected isomeric α and β derivatives of naphthalene were semi-quantitatively compared in respect of their hydrophobic properties. Investigations were carried out by both adsorption and partition TLC chromatography; the solubilities of the individual substances in water were also determined. The results were explained of electronic and steric effects. Permanent dipole moments in terms (literature data) are also utilized to explain the comparatively weak hydrophobic properties of the β isomers as compared to the α isomers.     

Self-assembly of para-OH functionalized ECE-metalated pincer complexes

Various para-OH functionalized ECE-pincer metal complexes [MX(ECE-OH)L_n] (ECE-OH = [C₆H₂(CH₂E)₂-2,6-OH-4]⁻, E = NMe₂, PPh₂ and SPh) were synthesized. The X-ray crystal structures of neutral [PdCl(SCS-OH)], [PdCl(NCN-OH)], and cationic [Pd(PCP-OH)(MeCN)](BF₄) are reported. The neutral halide complexes exhibit self-assembly to form polymeric chains via H-bonding involving the para-OH group as donors and the halide ligand on the metal as acceptors. Moreover, the halide ligand can be replaced by a monomeric aryloxy-O ligand leading to the formation of a covalently bonded dimer. The crystal structure of such a dimer derived from [PdI(NCN-OH)] is reported. Furthermore, these pincer-metal complexes were tethered through a carbamate linker to a siloxane functionality with the aim to be immobilized on a silica support. The crystal structure of a siloxane-functionalized [PtI(NCN-Z)] complex exemplifies how other H-bonding interactions not involving the metal-halide groupings can lead to polymeric networks as well.     

The supramolecular chemistry of 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazoles

1,2,5-Chalcogenadiazoles, in particular the tellurium derivatives, are promising building blocks for the assembly supramolecular structures through the formation of the [E-N]₂ (E = S, Se, Te) supramolecular synthon. This short account summarizes initial experimental and computational investigations in this area.     

Self-assembly of supramolecular oligo-phenylene-ethynylene wires consisting of double Hamilton receptor modified OPE rods and a tetraphenylporphyrin cyanurate

The syntheses and characterizations of new oligo-phenylene-ethynylene (OPE) bridged bis-Hamilton receptors 8-9 and their linear H-bonding behaviour with a new cyanuric acid modified tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) 13 are reported. The resulting rigid complexes consisting of an oligo-phenylene-acetylene wire and two terminating TPPs were characterized by ¹H NMR, UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The 1:2 compositions of the supramolecular complexes, the association constants K_n and the cooperativity of binding expressed by Scatchard plots and Hill coefficients η_H were determined by ¹H NMR titration experiments. The strength of the association constants K_n in CDCl₃ at rt was found to be in a range of 10⁵ and 10⁶ mol⁻¹ dm³ for the first complexation and 10¹⁰-10¹² mol⁻¹ dm³ for the second complexation, which is rather strong.     

Strapped porphyrin rosettes based on the melamine-cyanuric acid motif. Self-assembly and supramolecular recognition

This paper describes studies on the synthesis, self-assembly behavior, and complexing properties of several strapped porphyrin-incorporated melamine-cyanuric or melamine-barbiturate-based rosette supramolecules in chloroform-d. Strapped porpyrin cyanuric acid H₂1 and its Zn (II) complex Zn1 were designed and synthesized. Both H₂1 and Zn1 could combine melamine derivatives 11 or 12 to afford porphyrin rosettes, which are more stable than the model rosette initially reported by Whitesides due to the larger size of the porphyrin unit. The new porphyrin rosettes could efficiently complex tripyridyl derivative 13 through intermolecular, cooperative coordination between Zn (II) and pyridine. Two new pyridine-bearing barbiturates 18a and 18b were also synthesized. Mixing the identical amount of 18a or 18b with 11 or 12 in chloroform-d led to the formation of new isomeric rosettes as a result of different orientation of the pyridine unit of 18a or 18b in the rosettes. ¹H NMR study also revealed that porpyrin-bearing rosette Zn1₃·11₃ could complex pyridine-bearing rosette 11₃·18a₃, leading to the formation of new two-layer-typed supramolecular architectures.     

[60]富勒烯的超分子自组装研究进展

超分子自组装是发展超分子电子学的重要途径。随着纳米科学和技术的迅速发展,自组装技术已成功地应用于纳米尺度物质的维数、形貌和功能等的调控。作为构筑分子水平上一维、二维、三维有序功能结构和高有序分子聚集态结构的关键技术,超分子自组装技术有力地推动了具有优良光、电、磁性能的分子材料和纳米功能材料更深层次的研究。本文综述了超分子自组装在富勒烯科学领域的基础研究和应用,特别是对有利于自组织和自组装功能的富勒烯基衍生物的设计与合成、超分子作用力引导的具有特定结构的分子体系的可控自组装、以及富勒烯分子聚集态结构材料的光物理过程、超分子中电子转移和能量转移现象进行了描述;并对卟啉、四硫富瓦烯、碗烯和杯芳烃等一系列富π电子化合物和大环主体分子等包含[60]富勒烯的主体化合物的超分子作用和超分自组装体以及通过氢键、π-π作用、静电力和范德华力和金属配位作用形成的[60]富勒烯超分子自组装体进行了总结,对未来发展进行了展望。     

Self-assembly of vesicles from the stacking of a dipodal F?H-N hydrogen bonded arylamide foldamer

In this paper, we report the synthesis and self-assembling behavior of an F?H-N hydrogen bonding-induced arylamide-based dipodal foldamer. SEM, AFM, TEM, and XRD studies reveal that this preorganized oligomer stacks to form vesicles in methanol-chloroform (10-70%) binary solvents due to the strong stacking interaction of the folded segments and the supramolecular polymeric feature of the dipodal molecule in the stacked state. In contrast, a simple folded molecule can give rise to vesicles only when the chloroform content is 45-55%.     

High-yield synthesis of a novel water-soluble macrocycle for selective recognition of naphthalene

A novel good water-soluble macrocycle containing two pyridinium moieties was synthesized in high yield.It could form 1:1 complexes with neutral guests containing naphthalene or phenyl units in water.The water-soluble macrocycle can selectively encapsulate naphthalene to form a 1:1 complex over a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Tailoring the Self-assembly of Melamine on Au (111) via Doping with Cu Atoms

The doping effect of Cu on the self-assembly film of melamine on an Au(111) surface has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The evaporated Cu adatoms occupy the positions underneath the amino groups and change the hydrogen bonding pattern between the melamine molecules. Accordingly, the self-assembly structure has changed stepwise from a well-defined honeycomb into a track-like and then a triangular structure depending on the amount of Cu adatoms. The interaction between Cu adatom and melamine is moderate thus the Cu adatoms can be released upon mild heating to around 100℃. These findings are different from previous observations of either the coordination assembly or the physically trapped metal adatoms.     

A systematic study of ligand intermolecular interactions in crystals of copper(II) complexes of bidentate guanidino derivatives

The synthesis and X-ray structures of four neutral copper(II) complexes and one cationic complex incorporating bidentate alkyl N-(4-oxo-5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)imidocarbamate ligands are reported. The neutral complexes, which possess potential doublet (DA) hydrogen bonding motifs, form supramolecular structures based on synthons involving hydrogen bonding or phenyl embraces. The formation of sheets within the crystal through combination of these synthons, and the occurrence of guest molecules trapped in cavities between the sheets, are described. The cationic complex forms an extended hydrogen-bonded structure that incorporates nitrate ions. The structures of the five complexes are compared with others reported previously for complexes of related ligands.     

Self-assembly of supramolecular Ni(II) and Cu(II) metalmacrocyclic compounds with tetraazamacrocyclic ligand into a gelatin-immobilized matrix

Self-assembly in M(II)-ethanedithioamide [H₂N–C(=S)–C(=S)–NH₂]-propanone triple systems (M=Ni, Cu) into corresponding metal(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix systems under contact with aqueous-alkaline (pH?～?12) solutions containing ethanedithioamide and propanone have been studied. Formation of supramolecular macrotetracyclic compounds of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with 2,7,7,9,14,14-hexamethyl-3,6,10,13-tetraazacyclotetradecadien-2,9-tetrathione-4,5,11,12 containing original “kernel” (metal complex) and “shell” surrounding this “kernel”, of polypeptide chains of the gelatin molecules, occurs under such specific conditions.     

Mechanism of N-octadecyl-N'-maleoyl-L-phenylalanine self-assembled into supramolecular structures

N-Octadecyl-N'-maleoyl-L-phenylalanine (ODMA-L-Phe) was synthesized through the condensation, deprotection and aeid-ylation reaction of BOC-L-phenylalanine, octadecylamine and maleic anhydride. ODMA-L-Phe can self-assemble in some organic solvents and turned them into thermally reversible physical supramolecular organogels. The morphology of ODMA-L-Phe aggregates was characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The aggregates of ODMA-L-Phe were needle-like fibrils with diameters of approximately 100-200 nm. The mechanism of ODMA-L-Phe self-assembly in organic solvents was investigated using 1H NMR and circular dichroism (CD). The results indicated that hydrogen bonding was one of the main driving forces for the self-assembly of ODMA-L-Phe.     

Self-assembly of linear triblock copolymers under cylindrical nanopore confinements

The self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under cylindrical confinements is investigated in two-dimensional space using the real-space self-consistent field theory. The effects of confinement degrees and preferential strengths on the triblock copolymer phase behaviors with special polymer parameters are first considered. On one hand, different confinement degrees cause different phase behaviors in nanopores with the neutral surfaces. Moreover, the strongly preferential surface fields can surpass the confinement degrees and volume fractions in determing the confined phase behaviors. On the other hand, in contrast, confined morphologies are more sensitive to the variations in the A-preferential surface field strength. Subsequently, the incompatibility degrees between different blocks are systematically varied under cylindrical nanopore confinements. Under cylindrical nanopore confinements, the morphologies are very sensitive to the variations in the incompatibility degrees. Meanwhile, nanopore confinements can affect order-disorder and order-order transition points in the bulk. The corresponding free, internal, and entropic energies as well as the order parameters are also quantificationally examined to deeply investigate the confined phase mechanisms, and a number of morphological transitions are confirmed to be of first-order. These findings may guide the design of novel nanostructures based on triblock copolymers by introducing confinements.     

基于氢键的自组装超分子体系

氢键自组装超分子是超分子体系中相对较新颖和引人注意的领域,它在化学和生物体系中占据非常重要的位置。本文主要介绍目前文献报道的一系列由不同氢键缔合方式形成的自组装超分子。     

Benzyl and tert-butyl carbamate derivatives of 1,ω-amino acids as simple yet efficient gelators

We report the synthesis and a study of the gelation properties of a series of N-protected long-chain amino acids. Especially, benzyl and tert-butyl carbamate derivatives of 11-aminoundecanoic acid in their deprotonated form can gelate polar organic solvents and water at very low concentration (less than 5 mM). This is explained by the contribution of multiple forces—H-bond, van der Waals and ionic interactions—in the gel aggregate formation and stabilization, which is confirmed by the experimental data. Among the series of compounds investigated, only a dimer of 11-aminoundecanoic acid is capable of gelating toluene, which stems from the increased number of hydrogen bonding sites in the main aliphatic chain.     

基于氢键的自组装超分子体系

氢键自组装超分子是超分子体系中相对较新颖和引入注意的领域，它在化学和生物体系中占据非常重要的位置。本文主要介绍目前文献报道的一系列由不同氢键缔合方式形成的自组装超分子。     

Mechanism of N-octadecyl-N1-maleoyl-L-phenylalanine self-assembled into supramolecular structures

N-Octadecyl-N1-maleoyl-L-phenylalanine （ODMA-L-Phe） was synthesized through the condensation, deprotection and acid- ylation reaction of BOC-L-phenylalanine, octadecylamine and maleic anhydride. ODMA-L-Phe can self-assemble in some organic solvents and turned them into thermally reversible physical supramolecular organogels. The morphology of ODMA-L-Phe aggregates was characterized by polarized optical microscopy （POM） and field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM）. The aggregates of ODMA-L-Phe were needle-like fibrils with diameters of approximately 100-200 nm. The mechanism of ODMA- L-Phe self-assembly in organic solvents was investigated using XH NMR and circular dichroism （CD）. The results indicated that hydrogen bonding was one of the main driving forces for the self-assembly of ODMA-L-Phe.     

Halide anion-templated assembly of di- and triiodoperfluorobenzenes into 2D and 3D supramolecular networks

The single crystal structures of five co-crystals formed by the reaction of different iodide and bromide salts with di- and triiodoperfluorobenzenes (I-ArF) are reported. All of these perfluorocarbon-hydrocarbon systems are heteromeric three-component systems, wherein the weakly coordinating cations favour the formation of naked halides, which function as electron-donors towards the I-ArF modules. The analysis of the crystal structures shows that I⁻?I-ArF, and Br⁻?I-ArF halogen bonds (XBs) control the self-assembly of the obtained supramolecular architectures. 2D and 3D supramolecular networks have been obtained, wherein naked iodide and bromide anions act as tri-, tetra-, or pentadentate nodes. The selected examples demonstrate that I-ArF modules can be particularly robust and reliable tectons for XB-based coordination of halide ions and afford supramolecular architectures in a rational and predictable way.