Mechanochemically Triggered Topology Changes in Expanded Porphyrins

A hitherto unexplored class of molecules for molecular force probe applications are expanded porphyrins. This work proves that mechanical force is an effective stimulus to trigger the interconversion between Hückel and Möbius topologies in [28]hexaphyrin, making these expanded porphyrins suitable to act as conformational mechanophores operating at mild (sub-1 nN ) force conditions. A straightforward approach based on distance matrices is proposed for the selection of pulling scenarios that promote either the planar Hückel topology or the three lowest lying Möbius topologies. This approach is supported by quantum mechanochemical calculations. Force distribution analyses reveal that [28]hexaphyrin selectively allocates the external mechanical energy to molecular regions that trigger Hückel–Möbius interconversions, explaining why certain pulling scenarios favor the Hückel two-sided topology and others favor Möbius single-sided topologies. The meso-substitution pattern on [28]hexaphyrin determines whether the energy difference between the different topologies can be overcome by mechanical activation.     

Heptaphyrins: Expanded porphyrins with seven heterocyclic rings

Expanded porphyrins containing seven pyrrole/heterocyclic rings linked in a cyclic fashion are termed heptaphyrins. The number ofπ-electrons in heptaphyrins depends on the number ofmeso carbon bridges used to link the heterocyclic rings, accordingly heptaphyrins with 28π-electrons and 30π-electrons are reported to date. Both condensation reactions of the appropriate precursors and acid-catalysed oxidative coupling reactions have been utilized to synthesise the heptaphyrins. The 30π heptaphyrins exhibit rich structural diversity where some of the heterocyclic rings in the macrocycle undergo a 180° ring flipping. An overview of the synthetic methods employed for the synthesis of heptaphyrins, their spectroscopic properties, structural behaviour and aromatic properties are highlighted in this paper. Dedicated to Professor C N R Rao on his 70th birthday     

基于氢键的阴离子识别主体分子的研究进展

阴离子在生物学、医学、催化以及环境等方面逐渐得到广泛认识与重视,阴离子受体研究在跨膜离子输运、化学传感、模拟酶催化有机化学反应等方面亦有光明的应用前景。本文根据酰胺、脲与硫脲、吲哚吡咯、三氮唑、铵盐、胍盐、咪唑、羟基等不同的氢键单元,总结基于氢键的阴离子识别主体分子的研究进展。     

基于氢键的阴离子识别主体分子的研究进展

阴离子在生物学、医学、催化以及环境等方面逐渐得到广泛认识与重视,阴离子受体研究在跨膜离子输运、化学传感、模拟酶催化有机化学反应等方面亦有光明的应用前景。本文根据酰胺、脲与硫脲、吲哚吡咯、三氮唑、铵盐、胍盐、咪唑、羟基等不同的氢键单元,总结基于氢键的阴离子识别主体分子的研究进展。     

A Flexible Solution to Anion Transport: Powerful Anionophores Based on a Cyclohexane Scaffold

Transmembrane anion carriers (anionophores) have potential for biological activity, including the treatment of channelopathies such as cystic fibrosis. A new family of anionophores has been synthesized, in which three thiourea groups are mounted on a cyclohexane‐based scaffold. Though conceptually related to earlier polycyclic systems, these molecules are simpler and far more accessible. Preorganization is somewhat reduced compared to earlier systems, and anion affinities are correspondingly lower. However, transport activities set new records. This surprising performance suggests a role for controlled flexibility in the design of transmembrane anion carriers.     

利用流变仪测定聚苯乙烯的分子量和分子量分布的研究

用先进流变扩展系统ARES（Advanced Rheology Expanded System）对聚苯乙烯的分子量和分子量分布进行了测定,并且将所得的结果与GPC的结果进行了比较,发现误差非常小．因此认为用ARES进行特定聚合物的分子量及分子量分布测定,是一种快速、准确的测定方法,对生产的质量控制有一定的帮助．     

含CH基的阴离子受体

阴离子在生命、临床及环境科学中有着重要作用,设计用于识别阴离子的人工合成受体是超分子化学的一个研究热点。识别阴离子的方法主要有氢键作用、质子转移机制、路易斯酸碱作用、以及基于不可逆的特定化学反应等。相对于传统的含NH或OH识别位点的阴离子受体,近年来含CH基阴离子受体的研究取得了长足的进展。本文详细评述了含烷基CH,苯基CH,三唑CH,咪唑鎓CH,三唑鎓CH以及CHCN基阴离子受体的设计、结构及其阴离子识别作用的研究进展。     

酰氨基硫脲类新型分子钳受体的合成及其对氟离子的识别性能研究

本文设计并高产率合成了三种新型阴离子识别受体化合物,它们对F-的识别选择性较卤素其他阴离子的高。其对F-的识别性能通过紫外—可见光谱和核磁共振氢谱进行了检测,光谱数据表明,在DMSO溶液中受体与F-通过氢键相互作用形成1:1配合物。与以前我们报道的受体化合物相比,由于此类分子钳受体化合物具有更多的阴离子识别位点,因此具有更好地阴离子识别性能。     

含氮杂环类阴离子受体*

含氮杂环类阴离子受体是目前超分子阴离子识别领域研究的热点之一。此类受体具有主体结构丰富、可调节性强、识别范围广、选择性强、灵敏度高等优点。本文综述了以吡咯、吲哚、咪唑、吡唑等含氮杂环为识别基团的阴离子受体的设计原理、识别性能和机理,展望了该领域的发展方向。     

Molecular Simulations and Drug Discovery of Adenosine Receptors

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of human membrane proteins. Four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), the A₁AR, A_2AAR, A_2BAR and A₃AR, each with a unique pharmacological profile and distribution within the tissues in the human body, mediate many physiological functions and serve as critical drug targets for treating numerous human diseases including cancer, neuropathic pain, cardiac ischemia, stroke and diabetes. The A₁AR and A₃AR preferentially couple to the G_i/o proteins, while the A_2AAR and A_2BAR prefer coupling to the G_s proteins. Adenosine receptors were the first subclass of GPCRs that had experimental structures determined in complex with distinct G proteins. Here, we will review recent studies in molecular simulations and computer-aided drug discovery of the adenosine receptors and also highlight their future research opportunities.     

Pyrrolic Tripodal Receptors for the Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrates: Ditopic Receptors for Dimannosides

Synthetic ditopic receptors, designed for the molecular recognition of dimannosides, have been prepared by bridging two monotopic units effectively recognizing mannosides with linkers of the appropriate size and flexibility, endowed with hydrogen‐bonding groups. Affinities toward the α and β glycosides of the biologically relevant Manα(1–2)Man disaccharide were measured by NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in polar organic media (30–40 % DMF in chloroform). Significant selectivities and affinities in the micromolar range were observed in most cases, with two newly designed receptors being the most effective receptors of the set, together with a distinct preference of the dimannosides for the (S) enantiomer of the receptor in all cases. A 3D view of the recognition mode was elucidated by a combined NMR spectroscopic/molecular modeling approach, showing the dimannoside included in the cleft of the receptor. Compared to the monotopic precursors, the ditopic receptors showed markedly improved recognition properties, proving the efficacy of the modular receptor design for the recognition of disaccharides.     

Synthetic Adrenaline Receptors Based on Bisphosphonates

Synthetic models of the natural adrenergic receptors are presented, and their binding properties to several biologically important amines and amino alcohols in dimethylsulfoxide and methanol are discussed. NMR titrations have been carried out to determine their binding constants.     

Peptide‐Based Carbohydrate Receptors

A broad spectrum of physiological processes is mediated by highly specific noncovalent interactions of carbohydrates and proteins. In a recent communication we identified several cyclic hexapeptides in a dynamic combinatorial library that interact selectively with carbohydrates with high binding constants in water. Herein, we report a detailed investigation of the noncovalent interaction of two cyclic hexapeptides (Cys‐His‐Cys (which we call HisHis) and Cys‐Tyr‐Cys (which we call TyrTyr)) with a selection of monosaccharides and disaccharides in aqueous solution. The parallel and antiparallel isomers of HisHis or TyrTyr were synthesized separately, and their interaction with monosaccharides and disaccharides in aqueous solution was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR spectroscopic titrations, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. From these measurements, we identified particularly stable complexes (K_a>1000 M ^?1) of the parallel isomer of HisHis with N‐acetylneuraminic acid and with methyl‐α‐D ‐galactopyranoside as well as of both isomers of TyrTyr with trehalose. To gain further insight into the structure of the peptide–carbohydrate complexes, structure prediction was performed using quantum chemical methods. The calculations confirm the selectivity observed in the experiments and indicate the formation of multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the most stable complexes.     

以膨胀石墨为基底的聚吡咯电化学免疫传感器

用恒电位法在膨胀石墨基底表面合成聚吡咯,聚吡咯上的亚氨基与戊二醛发生交联,制备成稳定的膨胀石墨/聚吡咯/戊二醛传感器界面.以此界面固定人IgG抗体,戊二醛作为交联剂,发展了一种新型的电化学免疫传感器.该传感器在IgG溶液中温育后,其表面结合的IgG和随后加入的辣根过氧化氢酶(HRP)标IgG二抗以及传感器表面的IgG抗...     

卟啉自组装超薄膜的制备及其在光电转换方面的研究*

卟啉及其衍生物的π电子共轭平面结构,使其具有独特的光电性能和良好的热稳定性,在仿生、催化、医学及材料科学等领域得到了广泛的应用。随着自组装技术的不断发展,其在制备功能化超薄膜方面表现出显著的优越性。本文重点介绍了卟啉及其衍生物自组装超薄膜的制备方法,并总结了近年来卟啉自组装膜在光电转换方面的研究进展。     

巯基卟啉自组装膜的制备及应用研究进展

详细介绍了巯基卟啉自组装膜的几种制备方法,评述了不同制备方法的优缺点;对卟啉自组装膜在电荷转移、分子氧电催化、分子光电器件等领域的研究进展进行了评述,引用文献54篇。     

Meso-四(对烷氧苯基)卟啉金属银配合物的激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱表征

通过激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对meso-四(对烷氧苯基)卟啉金属银配合物进行了表征.样品溶解在氯仿中,以正离子方式记录谱图,结果发现除了产生目标化合物分子离子峰外,没有任何碎片峰.激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱是表征这种meso-四(对烷氧苯基)卟啉金属银配合物有效的方法.     

氨基硫脲分子钳的合成及对阴离子的识别作用

合成了2个新型氨基硫脲分子钳主体3a(1,3-二（o-甲苯氧乙酰氨基硫脲甲酰基）苯)和3b(1,3-二（p-甲苯氧乙酰氨基硫脲甲酰基）苯),利用UV-Vis和1H NMR测试其对F-、AcO-、Cl-、Br-和I-的阴离子识别性质。 结果表明,主体分子在DMSO溶液中对F-和AcO-表现出明显的选择性识别。 1H NMR光谱证明,主体分子与阴离子之间以氢键相结合,结合Job曲线得出主体分子与阴离子之间形成1∶1型氢键缔合物。 讨论了NH识别位点数及空间结构对识别性质的影响。 与硫脲对比,主体3a具有多个NH结合位点,可形成多个氢键,结合常数（Ks）更大。 与化合物3b相比,主体3a较大的空间位阻阻碍了其与阴离子的结合,因此两种主体分子与F-和AcO-结合常数均体现为Ks(F-)＞Ks(AcO-)。