Bending-torsion vibration of a partially submerged cylinder with an arbitrary cross-section

An analytical method is presented to investigate the bending-torsion vibration characteristics of a cylinder with an arbitrary cross-section and partially submerged in water. The compressibility and the free surface waves of the water are considered simultaneously in the analysis. The exact solution of structure–water interaction is obtained mathematically. Firstly, the analytical expression of the velocity potential of the water is derived by using the method of separation of variables. The unknown coefficients in the velocity potential are determined by the longitudinal and circumferential Fourier expansions along the outer surface of the cylinder and are expressed in the form of integral equations including the unknown dynamic bending deflection and torsional angle of the cylinder. Secondly, the force and torque acting on the cylinder per unit length, provided by the water, are obtained by integrating the water dynamic pressure along the circumference of the cylinder. The general solution of bending-torsion vibration of the cylinder under the water dynamic pressure is derived analytically. The integral equations included in the velocity potential of the water can be solved exactly. Finally, the eigenfrequency equation of cylinder–water interaction is obtained by means of the boundary conditions of the cylinder. Some numerical examples for elliptical columns partially submerged in water are provided to show the application of the present method.     

Scattering of an incident acoustic wave by an elastic sphere in a shallow water

The scattering of acoustic waves by an elastic sphere in a shallow ocean wave guide is investigated taking into account the shear waves which can exist in addition to compressional waves in scatterers of solid material. Expressions for the scattered waves are given. Numerical values for a quantity called the farfield form function for various depth are presented in graphical forms.      

Shallow water waves over an uneven bottom and an inhomogeneous KP equation

Three-dimensional shallow water waves over an uneven bottom are considered. The depth is assumed to be slow in variation. As a model, an inhomogeneous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is presented. Some reductions of this equation are used to describe deformation of a line soliton due to the depth change. The model equation is valid for a wide class of two-dimensional nonlinear waves in inhomogeneous systems.     

Diffraction of water waves by a slotted dual cylindrical caisson breakwater

The linearized theory of water waves is used to examine the diffraction of incident regular waves by a slotted dual cylindrical caisson breakwater. The breakwater consists of a vertically slotted outer cylinder circumscribing an impermeable inner cylinder. Under the assumption that the wavelength is much greater than its thickness, each panel is replaced by a thin structure and the permeability is modeled by suitable boundary conditions applied on its surface. The mixed boundary-value problem for the outer cylinder is transformed to dual series relations and the least-square method is applied to get the forces on the structure and associated diffraction field. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A Problem Connected with the Oblique Incidence of Surface Waves on an Immersed Cylinder

If we wish to calculate the forces due to surface waves impingingon an obstacle held immersed in the fluid, the Haskind relationsshow that these forces can be expressed in terms of potentialswhich represent forced motions of the obstacle in initiallycalm water. We consider in this paper one such potential forwaves obliquely incident on an infinitely long circular cylinder,this potential being a generalization of the heaving potentialfor the circular cylinder considered by Ursell. We considerthe high frequency case when the angle of incidence is not smalland obtain an integral equation for the velocity potential onthe cylinder. An approximate solution of the integral equationis obtained and this is used to obtain asymptotic approximationsto the wave amplitude at infinity and the virtual mass coefficient.     

A Theory of Non-linear Waves in Multi-dimensions: with Special Reference to Surface Water Waves

The surface water waves are "modal" waves in which the "physicalspace" (t, x, y, z) is the product of a propagation space (t,x, y) and a cross space, the z-axis in the vertical direction.We have derived a new set of equations for the long waves inshallow water in the propagation space. When the ratio of theamplitude of the disturbance to the depth of the water is small,these equations reduce to the equations derived by Whitham (1967)by the variational principle. Then we have derived a singleequation in (t, x, y)-space which is a generalization of thefourth order Boussinesq equation for one-dimensional waves.In the neighbourhood of a wave froat, this equation reducesto the multidimensional generalization of the KdV equation derivedby Shen & Keller (1973). We have also included a systematicdiscussion of the orders of the various non-dimensional parameters.This is followed by a presentation of a general theory of approximatinga system of quasi-linear equations following one of the modes.When we apply this general method to the surface water waveequations in the propagation space, we get the Shen-Keller equation.     

Scattering of cylindrical waves by an elastic inclusion in an electrically conducting compressible medium

We study the problems of diffraction of cylindrical waves at an elastic homogeneous weakly conducting cylinder in a liquid weakly conducting medium and at a magnetohydrodynamic liquid cylinder in a magnetoelastic medium.Translated fromMatematicheskie Metody i Fiziko-Mekhanicheskie Polya, Issue 35, 1992, pp. 127–131.     

Proof of Modulational Instability of Stokes Waves in Deep Water

It is proven that small-amplitude steady periodic water waves with infinite depth are unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations. This modulational instability was first observed more than half a century ago by Benjamin and Feir. It has been proven rigorously only in the case of finite depth. We provide a completely different and self-contained approach to prove the spectral modulational instability for water waves in both the finite and infinite depth cases. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.     

Stability properties of steady water waves with vorticity

We present two stability analyses for exact periodic traveling water waves with vorticity. The first approach leads in particular to linear stability properties of water waves for which the vorticity decreases with depth. The second approach leads to a formal stability property for long water waves that have small vorticity and amplitude although we do not use a small‐amplitude or long‐wave approximation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Boundary-value problems for Helmholtz equations in an angular domain. I

The boundary-value problems are investigated that arise when studying the diffraction of acoustic waves on an infinite cylinder with cross-section of an arbitrary shape situated inside a wedge so that the axis of the cylinder is parallel to the edge of the wedge. The potential theory is worked out which enables one to reduce these boundary-value problems to integral equations on a one-dimensional contour — the boundary of the cross-section of this cylinder. The theorems on existence and uniqueness of solutions to the boundary-value problems and the corresponding integral equations are proved. For this case, a principle of limit absorption is established. Effective algorithms for calculating the kernels of the integral operators are constructed.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 403–418, March, 1993.     

Boundary-value problems for the helmholtz equation in an angular domain. II

We investigate boundary-value problems that appear in the study of the diffraction of acoustic waves on an infinite cylinder (with a cross section of an arbitrary shape) placed inside a wedge so that the axis of the cylinder is parallel to the edge of the wedge. The potential theory which enables one to reduce these boundary-value problems to integral equations is elaborated.Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhumal, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 500–519, April, 1993.     

Finite element modelling of surface waves in a channel

A variational formulation of the vertically-integrated differential equations for free surface wave motion is presented. A finite element model is derived for solving this nonlinear system of hydrodynamic equations. The time integration scheme employed is discussed and the results obtained demonstrate its good stability and accuracy.Several applications of the model are considered: the first problem is an open channel of uniform depth and the second an open channel of linearly varying depth. The ‘inflow’ boundary condition is prescribed in terms of the velocity which represents a wavemaker and/or a flow source, while the ‘outflow’ boundary condition is specified in terms of the water elevation. The outflow condition is adjusted for two cases, a reflecting boundary (finite channel) and a non-reflecting boundary (open-ended channel). The latter boundary condition is examined in some detail and the results obtained show that the numerical model can produce the non-reflecting boundary that is similar to the analytical radiation condition for waves. Computational results for a third problem, involving wave reflection from a submerged cylinder, are also presented and compared with both experimental data and analytical predictions.The simplicity and the performance of the computational model suggest that free surface waves can be simulated without excessively complicated numerical schemes. The ability of the model to simulate outflow boundary conditions properly is of special importance since these conditions present serious problems for many numerical algorithms.     

Water waves trapped by thin submerged cylinders in a two‐layer fluid: Discrete eigenvalue

Exact solutions of the linear water‐wave problem describing oblique water waves trapped by a submerged horizontal cylinder of small (but otherwise fairly arbitrary) cross‐section in a two‐layer fluid are constructed in the form of convergent series in powers of the small parameter characterising the “thinness” of the cylinder. The terms of this series are expressed through the solutions of the exterior Neumann problem for the Laplace equation describing the flow of unbounded fluid past the cylinder.     

Computation of added mass and damping coefficients due to a heaving cylinder

We present the boundary value problem (BVP) for the heave motion due to a vertical circular cylinder in water of finite depth. The BVP is presented in terms of velocity potential function. The velocity potential is obtained by considering two regions, namely, interior region and exterior region. The solutions for these two regions are obtained by the method of separation of variables. The analytical expressions for the hydrodynamic coefficients are derived. Computational results are presented for various depth to radius and draft to radius ratios.     

Propagation of axisymmetric waves in an initially twisted circular compound bimaterial cylinder with a soft inner and a stiff outer constituents

Within the scope of a piecewise homogeneous body model, with the use of the three-dimensional linearized theory of propagation of elastic waves in an initially stressed body, the problem on the propagation of axisymmetric waves in an initially twisted circular compound bimaterial cylinder is studied. A mathematical formulation of the problem is presented, and the corresponding solution method is proposed and employed. Numerical results are presented and discussed for the case where the material of the outer cylinder is stiffer than the inner solid one. In particular, it is established that, as a result of initial twisting of the compound cylinder, new axisymmetric wave modes appear in it.     

Model Equations for Gravity-Capillary Waves in Deep Water

The Euler equations for water waves in any depth have been shown to have solitary wave solutions when the effect of surface tension is included. This paper proposes three quadratic model equations for these types of waves in infinite depth with a two-dimensional fluid domain. One model is derived directly from the Euler equations. Two further simpler models are proposed, both having the full gravity-capillary dispersion relation, but preserving exactly either a quadratic energy or a momentum. Solitary wavepacket waves are calculated for each model. Each model supports the elevation and depression waves known to exist in the Euler equations. The stability of these waves is discussed, as is the dynamics resulting from instabilities and solitary wave collisions.     

Rossby Waves

An asymptotic solution of the linear shallow water equations for small Rossby number is constructed to describe Ross by waves. It leads to a dispersion or eiconal equation for the phase of the waves and a transport equation for their amplitude. It is shown how these equations can be solved by means of rays for both planetary and topographic Rossby waves. The method is illustrated by constructing the wave field produced by a time harmonic point source in fluid of uniform depth. This solution is a Green's function for the equations.     

Romberg integration: the importance of being analytical

The problem of reflection of water waves by a nearly vertical wall is studied. A simplified perturbational analysis followed by Havelock's expansion of water wave potential is employed to tackle the problem. Assuming some particular shapes of the nearly vertical wall, first‐order correction to the reflection coefficient is calculated for deep water as well as for uniform finite depth of water.     

Generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra

A generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, describing water waves in oceans of varying depth, density and vorticity is discussed. A priori, it involves 9 arbitrary functions of one, or two variables. The conditions are determined under which the equation allows an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra. This algebra can involve up to three arbitrary functions of time. It depends on precisely three such functions if and only if it is completely integrable.     

Qualitative theory of nonlinear steady water waves

In this paper, the nonlinear boundary problem describing two-dimensional steady waves on the surface of water with finite depth is discussed. The problem is formulated in the conventional statement (the gravity is taken into account, but the surface tension is neglected). The latter one allows discussing the whole class of bounded waves that includes periodic waves, solitary waves, and other types of waves (for instance, almost-periodic waves, although their existence has not been established yet). This fact suggests that the results obtained fall within the domain of the qualitative theory of differential equations (investigation of the properties of solutions without finding them). In this paper, two approaches to the qualitative theory are discussed. The first approach consists in averaging the solution along the vertical sections of the region, and the second approach is based on the authors’ modification of Byatt-Smith’s integro-differential equation. Thus, the paper contains an overview of the results obtained for the problem of nonlinear stationary waves on water with finite depth. Two approaches to this problem form a basis of the qualitative theory of such waves, because there are no constraints imposed on the waves except for the boundedness of their profiles and steepness restrictions.