Induced emission from a sodium Rydberg atom in a microwave cavity

Results are presented from an experiment on the observation of an induced microwave transition 37P-37S in sodium Rydberg atoms under the action of 30 thermal photons in a microwave cavity. The measured value of the transition rate (4±1.5)×10⁴ s⁻¹ agrees with the calculated value. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 69, No. 6, 413–416 (25 March 1999)     

Entanglement of a mesoscopic field with an atom induced by photon graininess in a cavity

We observe that a mesoscopic field made of several tens of microwave photons exhibits quantum features when interacting with a single Rydberg atom in a high-Q cavity. The field is split into two components whose phases differ by an angle inversely proportional to the square root of the average photon number. The field and the atomic dipole are phase entangled. These manifestations of photon graininess vanish at the classical limit. This experiment opens the way to studies of large quantum state superpositions at the quantum-classical boundary.     

Dynamics of a moving five-level atom interacting with cavity fields

We study the entanglement between a single five-level atom interacting with a one-mode cavity field in the case where the atomic motion is taken into account. The field entropy of this system is investigated under the nonresonant conditions. The effects of the detuning parameter and the atomic motion on the degree of entanglement are investigated. We show that both the detuning and atomic motion play important roles in the evolution of the von Neumann entropy and atomic populations.     

Spectral filtering of dual lasers with a high-finesse length-tunable cavity for rubidium atom Rydberg excitation

We propose and demonstrate an alternative method for spectral filtering and frequency stabilization of both 780-nm and 960-nm lasers using a high-finesse length-tunable cavity(HFLTC). Firstly, the length of HFLTC is stabilized to a commercial frequency reference. Then, the two lasers are locked to this HFLTC using the Pound–Drever–Hall(PDH) method which can narrow the linewidths and stabilize the frequencies of both lasers simultaneously. Finally, the transmitted lasers of HFLTC with each power up to about 100 μW, which act as seed lasers, are amplified using the injection locking method for single-atom Rydberg excitation. The linewidths of obtained lasers are narrowed to be less than 1 k Hz, meanwhile the obtained lasers' phase noise around 750 k Hz are suppressed about 30 d B. With the spectrally filtered lasers, we demonstrate a Rabi oscillation between the ground state and Rydberg state of single-atoms in an optical trap tweezer with a decay time of(67 ± 37) μs, which is almost not affected by laser phase noise. We found that the maximum short-term laser frequency fluctuation of a single excitation lasers is at ～ 3.3 k Hz and the maximum long-term laser frequency drift of a single laser is ～ 46 k Hz during one month. Our work develops a stable and repeatable method to provide multiple laser sources of ultra-low phase noise, narrow linewidth, and excellent frequency stability, which is essential for high precision atomic experiments, such as neutral atom quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and so on.     

平行电磁场中里德堡氢原子的自相似结构研究

利用半经典方法研究了平行电磁场中里德堡氢原子的分形自相似现象. 通过研究平行电磁场中里德堡氢原子的逃逸时间和初始出射角间的关系, 发现了逃逸时间图的自相似结构, 并通过研究与图中冰柱对应的逃逸轨道, 得到了自相似结构和逃逸轨道之间的关系, 发现了该类自相似逃逸轨道满足的规律. 进一步研究了标度能量和标度磁场对体系动力学的影响, 表明标度能量和标度磁场均控制体系的分形自相似结构. 当标度能量或标度磁场比较小时, 没有自相似现象, 随着标度能量或标度磁场的增大, 自相似出现, 体系变复杂.     

双模腔场中-型三能级原子的辐射谱

采用时间演化算符方法,研究-型三能级原子与双模腔场共振相互作用的辐射谱,尤其在真空场中拉比（Rabi）分裂.给出了辐射谱一般公式。并讨论在粒子数纯态光场激励下的辐射频谱结构。结果表明：一般辐射谱呈对称的12蜂结构.     

Rydberg hydrogen atom in the presence of uniform magnetic and quadrupolar electric fields

Laser cooling and trapping offers the possibility of confining a sample of radioactive atoms in free space. Here, we address the question of how best to take advantage of cold atom properties to perform the observation of as highly forbidden a line as the 6S-7S Cs transition for achieving, in the longer term, atomic parity violation (APV) measurements in radioactive alkali isotopes. Another point at issue is whether one might do better with stable, cold atoms than with thermal atoms. To compensate for the large drawback of the small number of atoms available in a trap, one must take advantage of their low velocity. To lengthen the time of interaction with the excitation laser, we suggest choosing a geometry where the laser beam exciting the transition is colinear to a slow, cold atomic beam, either extracted from a trap or prepared by Zeeman slowing. We also suggest a new observable physical quantity manifesting APV, which presents several advantages: specificity, efficiency of detection, possibility of direct calibration by a parity conserving quantity of a similar nature. It is well adapted to a configuration where the cold atomic beam passes through two regions of transverse, crossed electric fields, leading both to differential measurements and to strong reduction of the contributions from the M₁-Stark interference signals, potential sources of systematics in APV measurements. Our evaluation of signal-to-noise ratios shows that with available techniques, measurements of transition amplitudes, important as required tests of atomic theory, should be possible in ¹³³Cs with a statistical precision of 10^-3 and probably also in Fr isotopes for production rates of Fr atoms s^-1. For APV measurements to become realistic, some practical realization of the collimation of the atomic beam as well as multiple passages of the excitation beam matching the atomic beam looks essential.Received: 5 March 2003, Published online: 17 July 2003PACS: 32.80.Ys Weak-interaction effects in atoms - 32.70.Cs Oscillator strengths, lifetimes, transition moments - 32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms; trapping - 39.90.+d Other instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physicsS. Sanguinetti: Also at E. Fermi Physics Dept., Pisa Univ., Pisa, Italy.     

原子在双腔场间的光子辐射

考虑单个二能级原子穿过两个空间分离的单模腔场,研究原子质心运动的动能、腔长和腔间距对原子的光子辐射率的影响.结果表明,在原子的动能较小时,光子辐射率在双腔系统中出现多共振峰结构并且这种共振峰的数目随腔间距的增大而增加,此时原子在第一个腔中的光子辐射率普遍大于在第二个腔中的;在原子的动能较大时,原子在第一个腔中的光子辐射率与第二个腔中的光子辐射率呈交替变化.该结果说明,可以通过控制原子的速度而对原子的光子辐射率进行调控. 关键词： 光子辐射率 单模腔场 二能级原子     

Polyatomic molecules formed with a Rydberg atom in an ultracold environment

We investigate properties of ultralong-range polyatomic molecules formed with a Rb Rydberg atom and several ground-state atoms whose distance from the Rydberg atom is of the order of n²a₀, where n is the principle quantum number of the Rydberg electron. In particular, we put emphasis on the splitting of the energy levels, and elucidate the nature of the splitting via the construction of symmetry-adapted orbitals.     

A neutral atom and a wire: towards mesoscopic atom optics

A large variety of trapping and guiding potentials can be designed by bringing cold atoms close to charged or current-carrying material objects. Using a current-carrying wire we demonstrate how to build guides and traps for neutral atoms and using a charged wire we study a 1/r ² singularity. The simplicity and versatility of the principles demonstrated in our experiments will allow for miniaturization and integration of atom optical elements into matter-wave quantum circuits. Received: 13 December 1998 / Revised version: 8 July 1999 / Published online: 8 September 1999     

原子在双腔场间的共振隧穿

考虑单个二能级原子穿过2个空间分离的单模腔场,研究原子质心运动的动能、腔长与腔间距对原子透射率的影响。结果表明：当原子的动能比较大时,原子有足够的能量穿透腔场对其的阻挡,此时只有腔长的变化对原子的透射有微小的影响而腔间距的作用则可以忽略;当原子的动能较小时,原子本身的能量小于腔场势垒的能量,此时腔长与腔间距对原子透射率的影响极为明显。     

Entanglement swapping between atom and cavity and generation of entangled state of cavity fields

This paper proposes a scheme where entanglement swapping between atom and cavity can be realized. \Lambda -type three-level atoms interacting resonantly with cavity field are considered. By detecting atom and cavity field, it realizes entanglement swapping between atom and cavity. It uses the technique of entanglement swapping to generate an entangled state of two cavity fields by measuring on atoms. It discusses the experimental feasibility of the proposed scheme and application of entangled state of cavity fields.     

边界振动的微腔中的二能级原子

采用全量子理论，对注入腔内的二能级原子、单模腔场和振动边界(视为频率为ω_m的量子谐振子)构成的系统，在相互作用绘景中，求解了该系统的态函数随时间的演化关系，在此基础上得到了原子布居数随时间的演化关系，结果显示布居数在初始值附近振荡，这说明边界的振动是周期性的，它对原子布居数的影响也是周期性的. 关键词： 边界振动的微腔 二能级原子 布居数     

High-precision three-dimensional Rydberg atom localization in a four-level atomic system

Rydberg atoms have been widely investigated due to their large size, long radiative lifetime, huge polarizability and strong dipole-dipole interactions. The position information of Rydberg atoms provides more possibilities for quantum optics research, which can be obtained under the localization method. We study the behavior of three-dimensional(3 D)Rydberg atom localization in a four-level configuration with the measurement of the spatial optical absorption. The atomic localization precision depends strongly on the detuning and Rabi frequency of the involved laser fields. A 100% probability of finding the Rydberg atom at a specific 3 D position is achieved with precision of ～0.031λ. This work demonstrates the possibility for achieving the 3 D atom localization of the Rydberg atom in the experiment.     

Dynamical theory of an atom with two or three levels interacting with quantized cavity fields

We review the dynamical interaction of an atom with radiation in the framework of models of the Jaynes-Cummings type. The atom is restricted to a few energy levels and the radiation consists of quantized near-resonant loss-free modes. A general formalism is presented that allows a compact discussion of atom and field dynamics without approximations. Quantum wave packet collapse and revival phenomena, coherent trapping states, and some experimental prospects for two-level and three-level atoms are treated in detail, and some related effects are discussed more briefly.     

Semiclassical theory of the radiative-collisional cascade in a Rydberg atom

We have developed a two-dimensional semiclassical model of the radiative-collisional cascade for hydrogen-like systems. We describe the collisions with electrons and ions by classical diffusion in the space of principal and orbital quantum numbers and use an iterative procedure that consistently takes into account the quantum nature of the radiative cascade for radiative transitions. The model establishes the correspondence between the quantum and classical approaches and indicates that the latter cannot be directly used to calculate the population kinetics of highly excited atomic states. Our calculations of the two-dimensional populations of highly excited atomic hydrogen states for selective, three-body, and photorecombination sources of population allow the data of one-dimensional kinetic models to be refined. The calculated intensities of recombination lines demonstrate the degree of nonequilibrium of the Rydberg state populations under typical astrophysical plasma conditions.     

Collision of Rydberg atom A** with ground-state atom B: Optical potential

The method of optical potential was used to calculate the slow collision of Rydberg atom A** with ground-state atom B. As an example, calculations were carried out for the Na**(nl)+He system.