Chemical states of57Fe-atoms after ec-decay of57Co-labelled Co(BrO3)2·6H2O studied by coincidence Mössbauer spectroscopy

Two kinds of time differential Mössbauer spectra of⁵⁷Co-labelled Co(BrO₃)₂·6H₂O were measured at room temperature by delayed coincidence technique, i.e., one was the delayed coincidence between 122 keV γ ray and 14.4 keV γ ray (γ, γ-ray coincidence), and another was the coincidence between 6.3 keV KX ray and 14.4 keV γ ray (X, γ-ray coincidence). The time dependence of chemical states of⁵⁷Fe-species were observed on γ, γ-ray and X, γ-ray coincidence Mössbauer spectra. The relative area intensities of⁵⁷Fe(II) observed on the X, γ-ray coincidence spectra were larger than those on the γ, γ-ray coincidence spectra on every time windows.     

Sixth-order coincidence fractional Fourier transform implemented with partially coherent light

The sixth-order coincidence fractional Fourier transform (FRT) with incoherent and partially coherent light is introduced as an extension of the recently introduced fourth-order coincidence FRT. An optical system for implementing sixth-order coincidence FRT is designed. It is found that the visibility of the sixth-order coincidence FRT pattern of an object is always much higher than that of the fourth-order coincidence FRT pattern. The visibility is closely related to the transverse width and the transverse coherence length of the light source and also depends on the fractional order of the optical system.     

符合计数在钚的属性测量中的应用研究

中子符合计数在核材料认证和管理中有着广泛的应用．系统阐述了中子符合计数的基本原理,对“点模型”公式作了推导．利用MCNP4B程序实现了中子符合计数的数值模拟.Neutron coincidence counting is widely used in the authentication and management of nuclear material. The basic principles of coincidence counting and the derivation of "point model" formulae of "point model" are introduced in this paper. The numerical simulation of the coincidence counting is implemented by use of the MCNP4B package.     

A quantitative criteria for the coincidence problem

The cosmic coincidence problem is a serious challenge to dark energy model. We suggest a quantitative criteria for judging the severity of the coincidence problem. Applying this criteria to three different interacting models, including the interacting quintessence, interacting phantom, and interacting Chaplygin gas models, we find that the interacting Chaplygin gas model has a better chance to solve the coincidence problem. Quantitatively, we find that the coincidence index C for the interacting Chaplygin gas model is smaller than that for the interacting quintessence and phantom models by six orders of magnitude.     

相干高斯光束的符合成像和干涉

理论上研究分析了相干高斯光束的符合成像和干涉.导出了相干高斯光束的符合成像公式和符合干涉条纹公式,从这些公式可以看出符合成像和干涉是由于两条光路相应的汇聚投射引起的.符合成像和干涉条纹的质量及能见度可以同时很好.我们的结果表明纠缠光子对和相干高斯光束的符合成像及干涉的物理本质是不同的,相干高斯光束的符合成像和干涉的物理本质是光强的点对点投射,而纠缠光子对的符合成像和干涉的物理本质是双光子的振幅关联.     

行波管内不连续性的简易模型分析

 根据行波管内微波信号在输能装置和切断衰减器处两个不连续性之间来回反射的物理现象，建立行波管输出段的简易网络串模型，并对行波管输出段传输特性参数的幅频特性、相频特性进行计算分析。结果表明：输能装置和切断衰减器的不连续性是造成幅相一致性行波管相位不可补偿的重要因素之一。     

核军控核查符合测量系统中去除γ射线新方法

为消除γ射线的影响,在阐述核军控核查技术中的符合测量方法原理的基础上,分析了γ射线对于符合测量系统性能的影响机理,提出了一种新的去除γ射线峰的方法——拒绝窗口法.通过实验验证,利用该方法可以显著降低γ射线峰对符合测量系统性能的影响,且对子射线的去除率达到了99％,大大改善了核武器识别系统的测量效果.     

Emission-depth-selective auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy

The collision statistics of the energy dissipation of Auger and photoelectrons emitted from an amorphized Si(100) surface is studied by measuring the Si 2p photoelectron line as well as the first plasmon loss peak in coincidence with the Si-LVV Auger transition and the associated first plasmon loss. The Si 2p plasmon intensity decreases when measured in coincidence with the Si-LVV peak. If measured in coincidence with the Si-LVV plasmon the decrease is significantly smaller. The results agree quantitatively with calculations accounting for surface, volume, and intrinsic losses as well as elastic scattering in a random medium. In this way one can determine the average emission depth of individual electrons by means of Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy, which therefore constitutes a unique tool to investigate interfaces at the nanoscale level.     

Experimental observation of lensless coincidence fractional Fourier transform with a Gaussian Schell-model beam

A modified lensless optical system for implementing coincidence fractional Fourier transform (FRT) is proposed, and the conditions for the optical system to implement the coincidence FRT with incoherent or partially coherent light are discussed. Furthermore, we report the experimental observation of lensless coincidence FRT of an object (double slits) with a typical partially coherent beam - Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beam. The experimental results are analyzed and agree reasonably well with the theoretical results.     

Coincidence fractional Fourier transform with a stochastic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam

Based on classical theory of optical coherence and polarization, coincidence fractional Fourier transform (FRT) with a stochastic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam is investigated. Dependences of the quality and visibility of the coincidence FRT pattern of an object on the degree of polarization and correlation coefficients of the EGSM beam are studied numerically. It is shown that the quality and visibility of the coincidence FRT pattern of an object are determined by the polarization and coherence of the EGSM beam together.     

Testing the cosmic coincidence problem and the nature of dark energy

Dark energy models which alter the relative scaling behavior of dark energy and matter could provide a natural solution to the cosmic coincidence problem-why the densities of dark energy and dark matter are comparable today. A generalized class of dark energy models is introduced which allows noncanonical scaling of the ratio of dark matter and dark energy with the Robertson-Walker scale factor a(t). We show that determining whether there is a coincidence problem, and the extent of cosmic coincidence, can be addressed by several forthcoming experiments.     

Coincidence Imaging and interference with coherent Gaussian beams

we present a theoretical study of coincidence imaging and interference with coherent Gaussian beams. The equations for the coincidence image formation and interference fringes are derived, from which it is clear that the imaging is due to the corresponding focusing in the two paths. The quality and visibility of the images and fringes can be high simultaneously. The nature of the coincidence imaging and interference between quantum entangled photon pairs and coherent Gaussian beams are different. The coincidence image with coherent Gaussian beams is due to intensity-intensity correspondence, a classical nature, while that with entangled photon pairs is due to the amplitude correlation a quantum nature. Selected from Acta Sinica Quantum Optica, 2005, 11(4)(in Chinese)     

Many-body effect in the coincidence L3 and M3 photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of Cu metal

The coincidence L₃ and M₃ photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) main lines of Cu metal are calculated by a many-body theory. There is no peak-energy shift between the singles PES main line and the coincidence one. The asymmetric narrowing of the coincidence PES main line on the low kinetic energy (KE) side is very small. This is in accord with recent experimental findings. In Cu metal, the shakeup satellite intensity is small and the main-line satellite separation energy is much larger than the core–hole lifetime width. The interference via the final-state interaction is negligible. In the PES main line, the imaginary part of the self-energy by shakeup excitations, which is very small compared to the core–hole lifetime width, decreases very slowly in linear with photoelectron KE. The branching ratio of Auger decay of a single hole state then increases very slowly in linear with photoelectron KE so that the deviation of the coincidence PES main line from the singles one is very small. The 939 eV structure seen only in the coincidence L₃ PES spectrum of Cu metal is attributed to the enhancement of the inelastic peak of a smaller energy loss due to electrons of a smaller average emission depth measured in coincidence with the elastic Auger peak. The structure will not be enhanced in the singles PES spectrum. The background subtraction in the coincidence spectrum cannot be the same as that in the singles one. Such consideration is necessary before we can conclude about the asymmetric narrowing on the low KE side. A unique capability of APECS by which one can determine the photoelectron KE dependent part of the imaginary part of the self-energy is pointed out.     

The shape of the multiplicity distribution and the low-fold coincidence probabilities

It is shown how the information on the shape parameters of the multiplicity distribution is contained in the different fold coincidence probabilities. A new non-linear method is proposed to obtain the shape parameters from the experimentalk-fold coincidence probabilities. This method converges much faster than the methods proposed up till now in the literature. The method can also be used with non-normalized coincidence yields. Applications toα and¹²C induced reactions are presented.     

New experimental tests of the photon’s indivisibility

We consider the old foundational problem of quantum/classical optics ?C indivisibility of photon. Quantum theory predicts that in experiments on coincidence detection double clicks are impossible (up to noise); on the other hand, the known semiclassical and classical models predict a relatively high rate of coincidence. We present a model of the classical (random) wave type which predicts that in the same way as in quantum optics coincidence of clicks is a rare event. However, this model has a new prediction compared to quantum optics, namely, that the rate of double clicks depends substantially on the discrimination threshold of a detector. We propose to perform new detailed tests to check the discrimination threshold dependence predicted by our model. In experiments on coincidence detection performed to date, for example, the Grangier experiment does not contain statistical data on the threshold dependence.     

The origin of narrowing of the Si 2p coincidence photoelectron spectroscopy main line of Si(1 0 0) surface

The Si 2p photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) main line of Si(1 0 0) surface measured in coincidence with the singles (noncoincidence) Si L_2,3-VV Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) elastic peak is calculated. The agreement with the experiment is good. The present work is the first many-body calculation of the experimental coincidence PES spectrum of solid surface. The narrowing of the coincidence Si 2p PES main line compared to the singles one is due to the mechanism inherent in the coincidence PES. The inherent mechanism is explained by a many-body theory by which photoemission and Auger-electron emission are treated on the same footing.     

The break-up reactionp+d→p+p+n

The three-particle reactionp+d→p+p+n has been investigated at a deuteron bombarding energy of 52.0 MeV. Single counter experiments as well as coincidence measurements have been carried out. The laboratory angular distribution of the break-up reaction and the total break-up cross-section have been determined by means of the single counter experiments. The angular distribution for final-state interacting neutron-proton pairs was obtained by means of coincidence measurements. The coincidence experiments provide a strong evidence for very different shapes of the angular distributions for neutron-proton singlet and triplet final-state interaction.     

The periodic solution to Nino-Southern the model for the El oscillation

A class of oscillator of the EI Nifio-Southern oscillation model is considered. Using Mawhin＇s continuation theorem, a result on the existence of periodic solutions for ENSO model is obtained.     

Many-body effect in the N23-VV Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) spectra of Ag metal

The coincidence N23-VV Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) spectra and N23 photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectra of Ag metal are analyzed. Here NX is the notation for atomic shell Nx (X = 2, 3). The band-like feature in the coincidence N23-VV AES spectra is much more intense than that in the coincidence M45-VV ones because the potential in the delocalized two-hole state is less attractive than that in the localized one. The partial N23-VV super Coster–Kronig (sCK) transition rate depends critically on both the final-state potential and the sCK-electron kinetic energy (KE) because the KE is low, whereas the partial M45-VV Auger-transition rate is fairly independent of them because the KE is very high. As a result, the partial sCK-transition rate to the band-like state is enhanced compared to that to the atomic-like localized state. The low KE tail in the coincidence N23-VV AES spectra which is likely due to the sCK transition involving more than two electrons, is more enhanced than that in the coincidence M45-VV ones. This is due to the enhancement of the partial sCK-transition rate by the presence of extra holes in the final state. The sharp peaks of small intensity on the lower KE side of the main line in the coincidence N2 PES spectrum are tentatively attributed to the shakeup satellites.     

Incoherent coincidence imaging and its applicability in X-ray diffraction

Entangled-photon coincidence imaging is a method to nonlocally image an object by transmitting a pair of entangled photons through the object and a reference optical system, respectively. The image of the object can be extracted from the coincidence rate of these two photons. From a classical perspective, the image is proportional to the fourth-order correlation function of the wave field. Using classical statistical optics, we study a particular aspect of coincidence imaging with incoherent sources. As an application, we give a proposal to realize lensless Fourier-transform imaging, and discuss its applicability in x-ray diffraction.