磁滞回线测量仪的设计

为了测量多种形态磁性材料的磁滞回线,设计了磁滞回线测量仪.该仪器的磁感应强度探测器采用双线圈反相连接的方式,磁性材料可以放于任一探测线圈中,方便更换.测试表明,该套实验仪器具有良好的性能,输出图形清晰、分辨率高.     

Photo-induced bias of the hysteresis loop in ferrites at room temperature with long-time memory

New photo-magnetic effects with an indefinitely long-time memory are found at room temperature in the epitaxial Mg_0.75Mn_0.21Co_0.04Fe₂O₄ ferrite film. Illumination of the ferrimagnetic material with low-intensity (0.4 W cm⁻²) circularly polarized light with or without a static magnetic field in the Faraday effect geometry results in a number of nonlinear effects in both space and time. In a uniform crystal with cubic symmetry, the long-lived photo-induced magnetization (PIM) with a unidirectional anisotropy appears along the direction of the incoming light. The effects depend on a combination of magnetic field H and the helicity of circularly polarized light σ. Two combinations H⁺,σ⁺ and H⁻,σ⁻ lead to a photo-induced unidirectional anisotropy with a shift of the hysteresis loop along an applied field and a change in loop parameters. The loop contracts by a factor of two, the shift of the mid-point H_sh increases by factor of five surpassing the coercivity H_c, the coercivity H_c1 and remanence M_r1 (for decreasing applied field) reverse the sign, increasing by 9 Oe and reducing by a factor of 4.5, respectively. The effects cannot be erased by a conventional demagnetization (using an AC current that is reduced to zero amplitude), but can be removed using an illumination with two other combinations (H⁺,σ⁻ and H⁻,σ⁺) as well as by heating at temperatures higher than the Curie temperature. This long-lived room-temperature memory effect may arise from the formation of complex photo-induced defects including photo-induced magnetic polarons. The possible mechanisms responsible for the appearance of a room-temperature photo-induced unidirectional anisotropy with a long-lived memory are discussed. These new photo-magnetic effects may find an application in magneto-optical memory devices.     

Analytic expression for the magnetization curve and hysteresis loop

In a real ferromagnet there are a large number of domains differing greatly in energy, so that a domain energy distribution can be introduced. The nonvanishing initial permeability and saturation on the magnetization curve allow an analytic expression to be found for this function and thus for the magnetization curve. Taking the domain interaction into account by introducing a starting field allows the B(H) dependence found to be generalized to weak fields. Analysis of ideal magnetization curves shows that the superposition on a constant field of varying fields having nonvanishing amplitudes reduces the starting field to zero, i.e., removes the magnetic interaction. The B, H plane can be thought of as a complex plane, each point of which is associated with some state of the ferromagnet. A transformation is made from the magnetization curve to the remagnetization curve by a linear transformation of this complex point. In this manner, a transformation can be made from the B(H) dependence found for weak fields to an analytic expression for the hysteresis loop in the same field range.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 11, pp. 59–62, November, 1970.     

磁滞回线和交流电路实验

改进磁滞回线实验,使之能观察包括工频交流电路中的一些基本现象。通过介绍微分回线的概念,使学生了解更我铁实验数据处理方法及其意义。     

铌锰锆钛酸铅铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应

研究了Pb［(Zr052Ti048)095(Mn1/3Nb2/3)005］O3 (PMnN_PZT) 铁电陶瓷电滞回线的温度和频率响应,结果显示在高频和室温条件下测试铁电特性时,电滞回线呈现“束腰”形状,而不是通常所看到的方形回线 . 在低频和高温条件下测试时才能观察到正常的方形回线,同时,诸如矫顽场、极化强度、 内偏场这些重要的铁电参数也会随频率和温度发生显著的变化. 剩余极化强度随频率和温度 的大幅增长表明“束腰” 电滞回线有可能是由于缺陷偶极子引起的. 电滞回线形状与温度 和频率存在较强的相关性说明缺陷偶极子存在一特征弛豫时间,缺陷偶极子反转响应速度由 此弛豫时间决定. 关键词： 电滞回线 氧空位 频率响应 温度响应     

Origin of the constricted hysteresis loop in cobalt ferrites revisited

A series of Co ferrites (Co_xFe_3−xO₄ (x=0−1)) were prepared using solid-state method in this work. The aging effect of their structures and constrictions of hysteresis loops under low magnetic field were investigated. It was found that during the aging process, the migration of trivalent (bivalent) ions between tetrahedral (A-site) and octahedral (B-site) coordination induced a shrinking of the lattice, which would expand again due to the precipitation of Fe³⁺ after a much longer aging time. The first process caused a pronounced constriction of the loops, due to the uniaxial anisotropy led by this migration. The depression of constriction could attribute to both the expansion of lattice and the change of ionic ratios as a result of the second-phase-precipitation. The impacts of Co content, aging time and temperature upon the constriction were also discussed.     

Influence of the intrinsic dynamics of the magnetisation on the hysteresis loop

We present numeric simulations of switching processes in small ferromagnetic particles. The dynamics of these processes and the influence of the dynamics of the applied and internal fields on the magnetization reversal are studied. In particular, the derivative in time of the effective fields influences the hysteresis of these particles. It is shown that fast switching, as is required in high-speed data storage, reduces the coercive field. A dynamically corrected Stoner–Wohlfarth dependence of the nucleation field is introduced for the limit of high-field rates and low damping. Implications of these findings are discussed for both, numerical simulation of hysteretic properties and the interpretation of experimental data.     

Exchange bias of hysteresis loop in the Ising two-dimensional ferromagnet-antiferromagnet structure

A simple analytical model is developed to explain the phenomenon of exchange bias of the hysteresis loop in a two-dimensional ferromagnet-antiferromagnet bilayer. A solution of the magnetic relaxation equation is obtained within the framework of the generalized mean field theory, which describes the shape of the hysteresis loop and shows its dependence on the properties of a model interface in the system under consideration.     

基于静态电滞回线的铁电电容模型

根据铁电体的特征电滞回线和微观结构特点，将构成铁电体的晶胞等效为偶极子. 通过分析偶极子在电场作用下的极化反转机理，运用统计物理学基本原理建立了新的铁电电容模型. 该模型不仅适用于饱和极化的情况，对非饱和、电滞回线不对称以及输入电压中途转向等各种情况也都适用. 模型数学表达简洁，易于结合到实际的电路仿真软件中去，仿真结果与试验结果符合非常好. 关键词： 铁电电容 建模 电滞回线 偶极子     

Ferroelectrics with composition gradient: On the nature of hysteresis loop shift

Possible reasons of the difference in polarization characteristics of thin-film and bulk ferroelectrics with a composition gradient have been considered.     

基于Matlab的磁滞回线实验串口程序设计

实验室中铁磁质磁滞回线的测定实验其串口通信程序是在DOS环境下运行的，交互性差，界面不友好。本文依据Matlab6．0以上版本对串口的支持，设计了基于Matlab的铁磁材料磁滞回线测定的串口通信程序，并给出了具体的实现方法及编制的程序界面。     

Butterfly hysteresis loop at nonzero bias field in antiferromagnetic molecular rings: cooling by adiabatic magnetization

At low temperatures, the magnetization of the molecular ferric wheel NaFe6 exhibits a step at a critical field B(c) due to a field-induced level crossing. By means of high-field torque magnetometry we observed a hysteretic behavior at the level crossing with a characteristic butterfly shape which is analyzed in terms of a dissipative two-level model. Several unusual features were found. The nonzero bias field of the level crossing suggests the possibility of cooling by adiabatic magnetization.     

物理开放题的解题策略

近几年的高考题中，出现了不少立意深刻的开放性问题，相对于传统试题，开放性试题具有条件模糊、情景新颖、信息丰富、模型隐蔽、方法灵活、结论不唯一，甚至涉及跨学科综合等特点．因此，同学们感到有一定难度，本文就该类问题解法作如下剖析，供同学们参考。     

交换弹簧磁性多层膜的磁矩取向及磁滞回线的解析研究

本文以界面交换耦合常数Jⁱ和软磁相厚度L^s为主要参变量,研究了易轴与膜面平行情况下的Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe磁性多层膜的磁矩随外场变化的取向及磁滞回线,并得到了成核场的解析公式.分析发现,Jⁱ对磁矩取向、钉扎场和矫顽力机理有着较大的影响.当L^s较小时,钉扎场等于成核场,随着Jⁱ的减小 关键词： 成核场 钉扎场 矫顽力 磁滞回线     

从磁滞回线了解铁磁性材料的性能

从磁滞回线简要讨论了铁磁性材料的性能及特点,并指出一些大学物理教材在这方面讨论的不妥之处.