Thermal stability of new complexes bearing both acrylate and aliphatic amine as ligands

This paper reports the investigation of the thermal stability of a series of new complexes with mixed ligands of the type [M(en)(C₃H₃O₂)₂]·nH₂O ((1) M=Ni, n=2; (2) M=Cu, n=0; (3) M=Zn, n=2; en=ethylenediamine and (C₃H₃O₂)=acrylate anion). The thermal behaviour steps were investigated in a nitrogen flow. The thermal transformations are complex processes according to TG and DTA curves including dehydration, ethylenediamine elimination as well as acrylate thermolysis. The final products of decomposition are the most stable metal oxides except for complex (2) that generates metallic copper.     

Synthesis,structure and catalytic properties of new half-titanocene complexes bearing substituted cyclopentadienyl and aryloxide ligands

New cyclopentadienyltitanium aryloxide complexes, 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-Me4CpTi(O-2,6-ⁱPr₂-4-ⁿBu-C₆H₂)Cl₂ (1) and [4,4′-biphenyl-(2,3,4,5-Me₄Cp)₂][Ti(O-2,6-ⁱPr₂-4-ⁿBu-C₆H₂)Cl₂]₂ (2), have been prepared by treatment of cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride complexes [PhMe₄CpTiCl₃ and 4,4′-biphenyl-(Me₄CpTiCl₃)₂] with 1 or 2 equiv of lithium salt of 2,6-di-isopropyl-4-butylphenol. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 1 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Upon activation with ⁱBu₃Al and Ph₃CB(C₆F₅)₄, 1 and 2 both exhibit good catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization, producing polyethylene with moderate molecular weight and melting point.     

仲胺配合物的合成、晶体结构及与DNA作用的研究

合成了一种新颖三齿配体(L),N-(4-甲基苯)-N’-(2-(4-甲基苯氨基)乙基)乙烷-1,2-二胺,并制备了它的四种过渡金属配合物,结合元素分析、红外、1 HNMR和摩尔电导,确定配合物的组成为[ML(NO3)2](M=CuⅡ,CoⅡ,NiⅡ,ZnⅡ).用X-ray单晶衍射解析了Zn-L和Ni-L的单晶结构.通过紫外、荧光光谱研究了这四种金属配合物与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用,根据结果推断出配合物与DNA的作用方式可能均为静电结合.Cu-L,Co-L,Ni-L,Zn-L与DNA的结合常数分别为:3.34×104,7.65×103,2.15×104,2.40× 104.     

Synthesis and properties of metal-ligand complexes with endohedral amine functionality

A series of tetracationic M(2)L(4) palladium-pyridyl complexes with endohedral amine functionality have been synthesized. The complexes were analyzed by NMR techniques (including Diffusion NMR and 2D NOESY), electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The solid state analysis shows a large change in crystal morphology upon introduction of the endohedral amine groups, caused by deleterious interactions between the amines and the triflate counterions from the coordination process. Combination of different ligands allows analysis of ligand exchange rates via NMR analysis, with half-lives on the order of 3 h, independent of the donor properties of the ligand. Self-sorting behavior is observed, with more electron-rich ligands being favored. The amine-containing and extended complexes are strongly fluorescent, giving quantum yields of up to 83%.     

Synthesis and structural characterisation of rhodium hydride complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands

Addition of excesses of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) IEt₂Me₂, IⁱPr₂Me₂ or ICy (IEt₂Me₂ = 1,3-diethyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene; IⁱPr₂Me₂ = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene; ICy = 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene) to [HRh(PPh₃)₄] (1) affords an isomeric mixture of [HRh(NHC)(PPh₃)₂] (NHC = IEt₂Me₂ (cis-/trans-2), IⁱPr₂Me₂ (cis-/trans-3), ICy (cis-/trans-4) and [HRh(NHC)₂(PPh₃)] (IEt₂Me₂(cis-/trans-5), IⁱPr₂Me₂ (cis-/trans-6), ICy (cis-/trans-7)). Thermolysis of 1 with the aryl substituted NHC, 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene (IMesH₂), affords the bridging hydrido phosphido dimer, [{(PPh₃)₂Rh}₂(μ-H)(μ-PPh₂)] (8), which is also the reaction product formed in the absence of carbene. When the rhodium precursor was changed from 1 to [HRh(CO)(PPh₃)₃] (9) and treated with either IMes (=1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) or ICy, the bis-NHC complexes trans-[HRh(CO)(IMes)₂] (10) and trans-[HRh(CO)(ICy)₂] (11) were formed. In contrast, the reaction of 9 with IⁱPr₂Me₂ gave [HRh(CO)(IⁱPr₂Me₂)₂] (cis-/trans-12) and the unusual unsymmetrical dimer, [(PPh₃)₂Rh(μ-CO)₂Rh(IⁱPr₂Me₂)₂] (13). The complexes trans-3, 8, 10 and 13 have been structurally characterised.     

Synthesis and catalytic properties of cationic palladium(II) and rhodium(I) complexes bearing diphosphinidinecyclobutene ligands

Cationic palladium(II) and rhodium(I) complexes bearing 1,2-diaryl-3,4-bis[(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobutene ligands (DPCB–Y) were prepared and their structures and catalytic activity were examined (aryl = phenyl (DPCB), 4-methoxyphenyl (DPCB–OMe), 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (DPCB–CF₃)). The palladium complexes [Pd(MeCN)₂(DPCB–Y)]X₂ (X = OTf, BF₄, BAr₄ (Ar = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)) were prepared by the reactions of DPCB–Y with [Pd(MeCN)₄]X₂, which were generated from Pd(OAc)₂ and HX in MeCN. On the other hand, the rhodium complexes [Rh(MeCN)₂(DPCB–Y)]OTf were prepared by the treatment of [Rh(μ-Cl)(cyclooctene)₂]₂ with DPCB–Y in CH₂Cl₂, followed by treatment with AgOTf in the presence of MeCN. The cationic complexes catalyzed conjugate addition of benzyl carbamate to α,β-unsaturated ketones.     

Titanium complexes bearing amine bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis,structure and catalysis in ring‐opening polymerization of lactide

Monomeric bis(isopropoxy) titanium complexes LTi(Oⁱ Pr)₂ (L =  ─ OC₆H₂–4‐R¹–6‐R²–2‐CH₂N[(CH₂)₂N(R³)₂]CH₂–4‐R⁴–6‐R⁵‐C₆H₂O ─ , R¹ = R² = ^t Bu, R³ = Et, R⁴ = R⁵ = Cl, (L¹)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂; R¹ = R² = Me, R³ = Et, R⁴ = R⁵ = Me, (L²)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂; R¹ = R² = ^t Bu, R³ = Et, R⁴ = OMe, R⁵ = ^t Bu, (L³)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂; R¹ = R⁴ = OMe, R³ = Et, R² = R⁵ = ^t Bu, (L⁴)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂; R¹ = R² = ^t Bu, R³ = Me, R⁴ = OMe, R⁵ = ^t Bu, (L⁵)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂) supported by amine bis(phenolate) ligands were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid‐state structure of (L³)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂ was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (L^1–5)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂ were all found to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of l ‐lactide and rac ‐lactide in a controlled manner at 110–160°C. As shown by kinetic studies, (L¹)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂ polymerized l ‐lactide faster than did (L^2–5)Ti(Oⁱ Pr)₂. In addition, good number‐average molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index (1.00–1.71) of polymers were also obtained. The microstructure of the polymers and a possible mechanism of coordination–insertion of polymerization were evidenced by MALDI‐TOF and ¹H NMR spectra of the polylactides.     

Gold(I) complexes bearing phosphole ligands: Synthesis and antimalarial activity

A series of gold(I)-monophosphole complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The introduction of a nitrogen moiety in the complex structure was envisioned either by choosing the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate ligand as the X-ligand or by preparing a new pyrrolidinophosphole ligand as the L-ligand. All the complexes have been evaluated in vitro for their antimalarial activity. These gold–phosphole complexes showed moderate activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.7 to 24 μM against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant strains.     

Synthesis and application of chromium complexes bearing hyperbranched PNP ligands in the ethylene oligomerization

Series of hyperbranched PNP ligands ( L1 – L3 ) were prepared using three low-generation hyperbranched molecules with the same branching chains and functional groups but different alkyl chain length as backbones in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The chromium complexes ( Cr1 – Cr3 ) were obtained by reacting with CrCl₃(THF)₃ and the corresponding ligands ( L1 – L3 ). Both L1 – L3 and Cr1 – Cr3 were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry as well as ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ³¹P NMR measurements in the case of the ligands. When activated with different aluminum co-catalysts, all three chromium complexes were able to catalyze the ethylene oligomerization, but the products of the ethylene oligomerization were mainly dependent on ethylene pressure, co-catalyst and ligand backbone. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, the catalytic activity and the selectivity of C8 olefin increased with increasing of ethylene pressure for Cr1 , the catalytic activity was 13.83 × 10⁵ g·(mol Cr·h)⁻¹ and the main product was C8 olefin (50.68%) at the ethylene pressure of 4.0 MPa. When activated with diethylaluminium chloride, ethylaluminium dichloride and ethylaluminum sesquichloride, Cr1 showed the lower catalytic activity and the higher selectivity of C4 olefin in toluene. An increase in the length of alkyl chain in the hyperbranched PNP ligand backbone caused a decrease in the catalytic activity and an increase in the selectivity of C8 + olefin. The PNP chromium complexes exhibited higher selectivity for higher carbon number olefins compared with the dendritic PNP chromium complex ( Cr5 ).     

Synthesis and application of bidentate nickel complexes bearing hyperbranched salicylaldimine ligands in ethylene oligomerization

Three bidentate salicylaldimine nickel complexes containing different long-chain alkyl groups in their ligand backbone were synthesized in good yield. All the bidentate salicylaldimine ligands and their nickel complexes were fully characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, UV spectroscopies, and mass spectrometry. Three bidentate nickel complexes were evaluated as catalyst precursors in ethylene oligomerization. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the catalytic activity was 5.75 × 10⁵ g/(mol Ni·h) and the oligomers were mainly butenes (52.10%) and octenes (32.63%) for bidentate nickel complex with 1-tetradecyl as core in the ligand backbone (R₁₄-complex) using toluene as solvent. However, bidentate nickel complex with 1-octadecyl as core in the ligand backbone (R₁₈-complex) produced mainly octenes (59.38%) and C10 + olefins (29.01%) and the catalytic activity was 2.23 × 10⁵ g/(mol Ni·h). After activation with ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC) in toluene, three nickel complexes yielded mainly C10 + products which contained Friedel-Craft alkylated-toluene, and their catalytic activities were above 1.5 × 10⁶ g/(mol Ni·h). For the bidentate salicylaldimine nickel catalysts with hyperbranched molecules as ligand backbones, the solvent and the reaction conditions had a large effect on catalytic activity as well as oligomerization distribution except the structure of the catalyst and the co-catalyst.     

Synthesis and structural properties of lanthanide complexes formed with tropolonate ligands

We have previously reported the unique luminescence properties of ML4 complexes formed between tropolonate ligands and a series of lanthanide cations, several of them emitting in the near-infrared domain. The synthesis and composition of ML4 lanthanide tropolonate complexes have been previously described in the literature, but no structural information has been available so far. In this work, the crystal structures of several lanthanide tropolonate complexes (Ln3+ = Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Lu3+) have been isolated and systematically analyzed by X-ray diffraction and compared by using different criteria including the Kepert formalism. Such comparative work is rare in lanthanide coordination chemistry. The analysis of the structures in the solid state reveals that although the packing of the ML4 complexes depends on the nature of the metal ion, the coordination geometries around the different lanthanides is virtually similar for all the cations that have been analyzed; an indication that lanthanide-centered f orbitals play a role in controlling this coordination geometry. Analysis of the solution's behavior by stability constant determination reveals the formation of complexes with similar ML4 stoichiometries as those observed in the solid state. Nevertheless, analysis of the luminescence lifetimes indicates that the coordination environment around the lanthanide cations are different in the solid state and in solution, with the presence of one molecule of water bound to the lanthanide cation in solution. The presence of such a water molecule is a significant source of nonradiative deactivation of the excited states of the lanthanide cations, an unfavorable condition that leads to significant loss in fluorescence intensity of these lanthanide complexes. This exemplifies that such comparative analysis between the solid state and solution is important for the rationalization of the luminescence properties of the complexes. This analysis will aid us in optimizing ligand design for improved photophysical properties of the complex.     

Coordination complexes bearing potentially tetradentate phenoxyamine ligands

A series of metal complexes containing potentially tetradentate phenoxyamine ligands is described. The ligands are found to bind to main-group metals and first-row transition-metal centres with variable denticity depending upon the requirements of the particular metal centre. Bidentate [Al(III)], tridentate [Mg(II), Ca(II), Zn(II)] and tetradentate [K(I), Cr(III), Fe(II), Co(II)] binding modes have been established unambiguously through single-crystal X-ray structure determinations.     

Ruthenium piano-stool complexes bearing imidazole-based PN ligands

A variety of piano-stool complexes of cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) with imidazole-based PN ligands have been synthesized starting from the precursor complexes [CpRu(C₁₀H₈)]PF₆, [CpRu(NCMe)₃]PF₆ and [CpRu(PPh₃)₂Cl]. PN ligands used are imidazol-2-yl, -4-yl and -5-yl phosphines.Depending on the ligand and precursor different types of coordination modes were observed; in the case of polyimidazolyl PN ligands these were κ¹P-monodentate, κ²P,N-, κ²N,N- and κ³N,N,N- chelating and μ-κP:κ²N,N-brigding. The solid-state structures of [CpRu(1a)₂Cl ]·H₂O (5^.H₂O) and [{CpRu(μ-κ²-N,N-κ’¹-P-2b)}₂](C₆H₅PO₃H)₂(C₆H₅PO₃H₂)_2, a hydrolysis product of the as well determined [{CpRu(2b)}₂](PF₆)₂^.2CH₃CN (7b^.2CH₃CN) were determined (1a = imidazol-2-yldiphenyl phosphine, 2b = bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)phenyl phosphine, 3a = tris(imidazol-2-yl)phosphine). Furthermore, the complexes [CpRu(L)₂]PF₆ (L = imidazol-2-yl or imidazol-4-yl phosphine) have been screened for their catalytic activity in the hydration of 1-octyne.     

含吡唑配体的VIB金属羰基配合物的合成与电化学性质研究

研究了吡唑类配体与M(CO)6(M=Cr,W)的光化学反应,合成了一系列的含吡唑配体的五羰基铬钨配合物。研究了该类化合物的电化学性质。结果表明：铬系列化合物存在一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,而钨系列化合物只存在一个不可逆的氧化峰,用X射线单晶衍射测定了化合物3,4,5－三甲基吡唑五羰基铬的晶体结构。该晶体为单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/m,晶胞参数为a=0.9106(3)nm,b=07627(2)nm,c=0.9637(3)nm,β＝91.855(5)°,V=0.6689(3)nm^3,Z=2,R=0.042,Cr为六配位的变形八面体构型。     

Synthesis and characterization of linear and square-planar nickel complexes with primary amido ligands

The synthesis and characterization of the two homoleptic mononuclear nickel complexes (2,6-Dipp2C6H3NH)2Ni ( 1) and [2-C(H)NDippC6H4NH] 2Ni (2) (Dipp = 2,6-Pr(i)2C6H3) are described. 1 is formally two-coordinate and adopts a strictly linear geometry, while 2 features a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. Electrochemistry of 1 and 2 shows that they can be reduced to the corresponding nickel(I) species and oxidized to the corresponding nickel(III) species reversibly or quasi-reversibly. A solid-state magnetic measurement (mu(eff )= 2.79 mu(B)) for paramagnetic 1 indicates the presence of two unpaired electrons on the nickel center.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of ruthenium(II) complexes bearing phosphine-pyrazolyl based tripod ligands

Phosphine-pyrazolyl based tripod ligands ROCH₂C(CH₂Pz)₂(CH₂PPh₂) (R = H, Me, allyl; Pz = pyrazol-1-yl) were efficiently synthesized and characterized. Reactions of these ligands with [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂]₂ afforded complexes of the type [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂](L) (6-8) in which the ligands exhibit κ¹-P-coordination to the metal center. Complex [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)Cl₂{Ph₂PCH₂C(CH₂OH)(CH₂Pz)₂}] (6) underwent chloride-dissociation in CH₂Cl₂/MeCN to give complex [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene){κ²(P,N)-Ph₂PCH₂C(CH₂OH)(CH₂Pz)₂}][Cl] (9). Complexes 6-9 demonstrated poor to moderate catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone. All these complexes were fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods and their molecular structures were determined by X-ray crystallographic study.     

Synthesis and properties of iridium polymer complexes based on novel bipyridyl ligands

A novel monomer, viz., bipyridyl-containing dicarboxylic acid, was synthesized from 6-pyridyl-3,4-pyridine dicarboxylic acid anhydride and 5-aminoisophthalic acid. Novel polymer macroligands, viz., copolyamides containing 5, 15, 30, and 45% of the bipyridyl side groups, were obtained based on this monomer by low-temperature polycondensation. Metal polymer complexes (MPC) with different Ir(ppy)₂ content were synthesized by the reaction of the polymer ligand with the binuclear complex [Ir(ppy)₂Cl]₂ (ppy is 2-phenylpyridine) and their properties were studied.     

Direct preparation and structure determination of tertiary and secondary amine boranes from primary or secondary amine boranes

New secondary and tertiary amine borane derivatives were prepared in a one-pot reaction starting from primary amine boranes. The reaction involves treatment of an amine borane with 2 equivalents of s-BuLi at −78 °C. In general, mixtures of mono and di metallated products were obtained. Alkyl iodides and benzyl chloride reacted with the lithiated amine, but aldehydes and ketones were reduced. Conversion was high as determined by NMR, but moderate to low yields were obtained after chromatography, possibly due to decomposition on silica. Crystal structures were obtained for the compounds 3a, 3b and 3c.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and luminescent properties of metal complexes bearing 2,6-pyridine-diacylhydrazide ligands: supramolecular assemblies via intermolecular interactions

Four metal complexes of N,N′-bis(salicyl)-2,6-pyridine-dicarbohydrazide ligand (H₆L), [Co^II(H₄L)(H₂O)₂]·2DMF (1), [Zn^II(H₄L)(H₂O)₂]·2DMF (2), [Cd^II(H₄L)(Py)₂]·DMF·Py (3), and [Co^IICo₂^III(H₄L)₄(H₂O)₄]·DMF·H₂O (4), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Structural studies revealed that complexes 1–3 present discrete mononuclear structures and complex 4 displays a centrosymmetric mixed-valence trinuclear structure. All four complexes are further extended into interesting two- or three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks. The luminescent properties of 2 and 3 were studied, which show emissions with maxima at 485 nm upon excitation at 396 nm for 2 and 476 nm upon excitation at 397 nm for 3, respectively.