Empirical Flow Rate/Pressure Drop Relationships for Capillaries of Triangular and Rectangular Cross-Sections to be Used in Yield Stress Fluid Porosimetry

Transport in Porous Media - The aim of the present work is to investigate the flow rate/pressure gradient relationship for the flow of yield stress fluids through rectilinear capillaries of...     

开孔固支和固定铰支轴对称球扁壳在双剪应力屈服准则下的极限荷载

导出轴对称球面扁壳在双剪应力屈服准则下的屈服条件，并求出开孔固支和固定铰支下轴对称球扁壳的极限载荷。     

Pore-Level Modeling of Gas and Condensate Flow in Two- and Three-Dimensional Pore Networks: Pore Size Distribution Effects on the Relative Permeability of Gas and Condensate

We present a mechanistic model of retrograde condensation processes in two- and three-dimensional capillary tube networks under gravitational forces. Condensate filling-emptying cycles in pore segments and gas connection–isolation cycles are included. With the pore-level distribution of gas and condensate in hand, we determine their corresponding relative permeabilities. Details of pore space and displacement are subsumed in pore conductances. Solving for the pressure field in each phase, we find a single effective conductance for each phase as a function of condensate saturation. Along with the effective conductance for the saturated network, the relative permeability for each phase is calculated. Our model porous media are two- and three-dimensional regular networks of pore segments with distributed size and square cross-section. With a Monte Carlo sampling we find the optimum network size to avoid size effects and then we investigate the effect of network dimensionality and pore size distribution on the relative permeabilities of gas and condensate.     

Rayleigh Quotient, Ritz Method and Substructuring to Study Vibrations of Structures Coupled to Heavy Fluids: Potential of the Artificial Spring Method

The linear study of free vibrations of structures coupled to incompressible and inviscid fluids are studied by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The system is modelled by using different components. The artificial spring method is used to synthesise these components. The advantage is that admissible functions are defined in each component and the continuity condition of translational and rotational displacements between the rigid joints of the structure is no longer required. The fluid-structure interaction can be accurately described by using this method, including the effect of the free surface waves and the dynamic interaction among structural components via the fluid medium. An application of the method to a vertical circular tank partially filled with water is also presented in order to show the potential of the method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Experimental Technique to Characterize the Plastic Behaviour of Metallic Materials in a Wide Range of Temperatures and Strain Rates: Application to a High-Carbon Steel

This paper presents high temperature quasi-static and dynamic tensile testing. Samples are heated by an induction system controlled with a pyrometer. A high-speed camera (500 fps) is used to determine displacement fields with a digital image correlation software. For such tests a specific marking procedure of the sample is applied. This method is used to characterize the mechanical behaviour of a C68 high-carbon steel at temperatures up to 720 °C. Stress-strain curves are given from room temperature up to 720 °C at strain rates ranging from 400 /s to 4 × 10² /s.     

圆盘状裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸及张开位移估计

将Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型推广到三维裂纹问题计算了圆盘状裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸,并结合断裂力学中的Ｂａｒｅｎｂｌａｔｔ－Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ裂纹模型和三维Ｊ－积分原理计算了圆盘状裂纹前缘张开位移,得到了Ｊ－积分与裂纹张开位移的关系,最后用非线性有限元方法对圆盘状裂纹的前缘塑性区尺寸作了数值分析,确定了公式中的未知常数,并对其正确性作了数值验证,本文的工作推广了Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型的应用范围。     

Contribution to the Modelling of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfers on 3D Real Structure of Heterogeneous Building Materials: Application to Hemp Concrete

Hydraulic flow, electrical flow and the passage of elastic waves through porous media are all linked by electrokinetic processes. In its simplest form, the passage of elastic waves through the porous medium causes fluid to flow through that medium and that flow gives rise to an electrical streaming potential and electrical counter-current. These processes are frequency-dependent and governed by coupling coefficients which are themselves frequency-dependent. The link between fluid pressure and fluid flow is described by dynamic permeability, which is characterised by the hydraulic coupling coefficient (C_hp). The link between fluid pressure and electrical streaming potential is characterised by the streaming potential coefficient (C_sp). While the steady-state values of such coefficients are well studied and understood, their frequency dependence is not. Previous work has been confined to unconsolidated and disaggregated materials such as sands, gravels and soils. In this work, we present an apparatus for measuring the hydraulic and streaming potential coefficients of high porosity, high permeability consolidated porous media as a function of frequency. The apparatus operates in the range 1 Hz to 2 kHz with a sample of 10 mm diameter and 5–30 mm in length. The full design and validation of the apparatus are described together with the experimental protocol it uses. Initial data are presented for three samples of Boise sandstone, which present as dispersive media with the critical transition frequency of 918.3?±?99.4 Hz. The in-phase and in-quadrature components of the measured hydraulic and streaming potential coefficients have been compared to the Debye-type dispersion model as well as theoretical models based on bundles of capillary tubes and porous media. Initial results indicate that the dynamic permeability data present an extremely good fit to the capillary bundle and Debye-type dispersion models, while the streaming potential coefficient presents an extremely good fit to all of the models up to the critical transition frequency, but diverges at higher frequencies. The streaming potential coefficient data are best fitted by the Pride model and its Walker and Glover simplification. Characteristic pore size values calculated from the measured critical transition frequency fell within 1.73% of independent measures of this parameter, while the values calculated directly from the Packard model showed an underestimation by about 12%.

     

光纤检测系统在燃气管道应力、位移实验分析中的应用

城市燃气管道是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,由于城市路面车流量的增加、道路的路况以及管道本身材质的缺陷,在长期的工作环境下,埋入地下的管道受到了各种力的作用,其受力情况十分复杂。目前管道的埋深和管道本身的设计是根据设计人员的经验或者简单理论分析来确定的,遇到沉降因素复杂的特殊地段管道,其安全就不能保证,所以有必要进行实验分析。本文通过特殊地段管道的模拟试验,分析了在不同沉降因素作用下管道的安全性,试验中应用光纤检测系统及电测系统同时进行检测,两者的分析结果相近,为燃气管道沉降参数监测与预报系统的建立奠定实验基础。     

Application of the Discrete Element Method to crack propagation and crack branching in a vitreous dense biopolymer material

Crack propagation in a vitreous biopolymer material is simulated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which models the brittle material as an assembly of particles bonded together. The simulations are compared to experiments combining a high-speed camera monitoring of crack branching together with a micromechancial testing of samples where local mixture mode is generated by introducing a stress concentrator. Our experimental results show unstable crack propagation and branching occurring upon crack deviation by the action of the stress concentrator. The validity of the DEM simulations is checked by comparing its result to the Finite Element Method (FEM) and to an analytical expression under similar conditions. DEM results show a higher sensitivity to mixed mode compared to FEM and a better match with the analytical formulation. Finally, crack branching is correctly predicted using DEM without any specific criterion for the initiation of secondary cracks.     

Application of the Spline-Collocation Method to Solve Problems of Statics and Dynamics for Multilayer Cylindrical Shells with Design and Manufacturing Features

International Applied Mechanics - We propose a spline-collocation technique for the analysis of the static stress–strain state and the free vibrations of ribbed multilayer orthotropic...