桥联茂金属催化剂用于双功能催化体系制备LLDPE的研究

以四种取代基不同的桥联茂金属作为乙烯共聚催化剂 ,以Ti(OR) 4为二聚催化剂组成双功能原位聚合催化剂体系 ,在同一反应釜中 ,乙烯为唯一聚合单体 ,以阳离子助剂B(C6 F5 ) 3为唯一助催化剂 ,原位制备LLDPE .该聚合体系催化剂活性高、单体插入率高、得到的聚合物为熔点低、分子量可调的超低密聚乙烯     

载体茂金属用于原位聚合反应制备LLDPE研究

以Ti(OR) 4为二聚催化剂 ,以载体茂金属催化剂为共聚合催化剂 ,以烷基铝为唯一助催化剂 ,在乙烯为聚合单体的条件下原位聚合制备LLDPE ,成功地解决了两种催化剂之间的相互干扰的问题 ,该催化剂体系具有聚合活性高 ,所得聚合物密度低 ,聚合物形态可调节等优点     

负载钛系催化剂催化合成高反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物

采用负载钛系催化剂 [TiCl4 MgCl2 (i Bu) 3Al]催化丁二烯 (Bd) 异戊二烯 (Ip)共聚合 ,研究了单体配比、聚合温度、烷基铝浓度和催化剂浓度及单体浓度等对共聚合速率及共聚物特性粘数的影响 .结果表明 ,当单体配比中Bd (Bd +Ip)摩尔百分比≤ 2 0 % ,可制得高分子量的共聚物 .IR光谱分析及1 H NMR分析表明所得共聚物为高反式 1,4 结构 ,丁二烯单体单元的反式 1,4 含量大于 90 % ,异戊二烯单体单元的反式 1,4 含量大于 98% ,共聚物中丁二烯含量高于单体初始配比中的含量 .在一定的载钛量下 ,聚合条件对共聚物的微观结构影响不大     

季铵盐催化合成端烯丙基聚氧化烯大单体

用季铵盐作催化剂，由聚氧　化乙烯－氧化丙烯嵌段共聚物和烯丙基氯合成了端烯丙基聚氧化烯大单体，考察了催化剂及其用量，溶剂及反应温度，反应时间对反应封端率的影响，确定了最佳反应条件；与Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓｏｎ醚合成法比较，季铵盐催化法操作简便安全，并且可以制得封端率高的端烯丙基聚氧化烯大单体。     

聚DL-乳酸的合成及其热性能研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂催化丙交酯开环聚合DL-乳酸(PDLLA)。研究了影响PDLLA分子量的因素包括丙交酯单体的纯度、催化剂的浓度、反应温度、反应时间及真空度等。用DSC,TGA分析了不同分子量PDLLA的警警化转变和热失重。结果表明,PDLLA是热不稳定聚合物,残留的单体、催化剂及低聚物是影响PDLLA热稳定性的因素,除去其中残留的单体、催化剂及低聚物可以提高PDLLA的热稳定性。     

高分子量的聚L-谷氨酸的合成与表征

采用三乙胺为催化剂经过氨基酸羧酸酐单体的开环聚合和脱保护基, 制备了高分子量聚L-谷氨酸. 实验结果表明, 合成的高分子量聚L-谷氨酸黏均分子量控制在70 000~350 000左右. 单体和引发剂的摩尔比n(A)/n(I)大于50时, 分子量与n(A)/n(I)无关.     

双功能催化剂体系催化乙烯原位聚合制备长链支化聚乙烯研究

以蒙脱土负载 β 二酮二氯化锆作为乙烯齐聚催化剂与Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl2 复合组成了原位双功能聚合催化体系 ,成功地以乙烯为唯一单体唯一反应釜制备长链支化聚乙烯 ,该催化剂体系具有乙烯共聚活性高 ,聚合物物性可调等优点     

用双官能团引发剂进行的基团转移嵌段共聚研究

本文用二种双官能团引发剂进行基团转移嵌段共聚研究,得到了一系列实测分子量和理论分子量相近、分子量分布较窄的A-B-A型嵌段共聚物。用GPC、~1H-NMR、DSC等手段对嵌段共聚物进行了表征,证明确是两相嵌段共聚丙烯酸酯。发现位阻较大的单体作为第二单体时不利于聚合。过高的催化剂用量使嵌段共聚的总转化率降低。使用极性较大的溶剂可缩短第一步聚合的诱导期,但不影响第二步聚合的诱导期,即极性较大的溶剂有利于催化剂的离解。单体浓度增大使共聚物的分子量减小,多分散性指数增大。可通过单体投料比改变共聚物的热形变温度。     

铁催化剂催化1,3-二烯烃聚合的研究进展

天然橡胶的有限供应和对橡胶的高需求促进了合成橡胶的发展。金属催化的配位聚合是当今合成高规整性橡胶材料的主要途径,过渡金属铁催化剂因含量丰富、低价格、低毒性、高活性和高选择性在合成橡胶制备领域受广泛关注。本文总结了Ziegler-Natta三元铁催化剂、N,N-双齿配位、N,N,N-三齿配体配位的铁催化剂在催化1,3-二烯单体聚合中的研究进展,阐述了聚合活性、选择性、聚合物分子量及其分子量分布等催化性能与催化剂组成、结构和聚合条件等因素的关系,为高性能1,3-二烯聚合铁催化剂的设计与合成提供借鉴与思路。     

乙烯基乙炔氢氯化反应合成氯丁二烯催化剂的研究

乙炔法氯丁橡胶单体2-氯丁二烯—1,3(简称氯丁二烯或CB)生产目前国内和日本电气化学公司等仍采用传统的Nieu land型催化剂,由乙烯基乙炔(MVA)氢氯化制得。但存在二氯丁烯等副产物生成量大,选择性低,消耗高,污染环境等问题。国内外有一些氯丁二烯合成催化剂改进的专利报道,本文对氯丁二烯合成催化剂也进行了研究,得到有益的结果。     

高价离子掺入Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O体系对成相和结构的影响

The effects of high valence cations M~(n+) (n≥4) doped on the phase formation and the structure stability have been investigated. In the crystal structure X_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(10)(X = Bi_(1-x-y)Pb_xM_y), the high valence cations M~(n+), Bi~(3+), and Pb~(2+) were deter-mined to statistically distribute at the bismuth positions. The bismuth valence is raised and the positions of oxygen atoms in the (XO_2X) double layers are fully occupied. Conseqently, The structural stability is increased. The phase 2223 was found to form more rapidly by doping and the single phase with T_c(0)>110 K can be obtained more easily.     

C2 and CN formation by optical pumping of CO/Ar and Co/N2/Ar mixtures at room temperature

A continuous wave carbon monoxide laser is used to excite the vibrational mode of CO in CO/Ar and CO/N₂/Ar mixtures flowing through a gas absorption cell. High steady-state excitation of the CO vibrational mode (0.3 eV/molecule) is achieved, while a translational—rotational temperature near 300 K is maintained by the steady flow of cold gas into the cell. These non-equilibrium conditions result in extreme vibration—vibration pumping, population high-lying vibrational quantum levels (to V = 42) of CO. N₂ can also be pumped by vibrational energy transfer from CO. Under these conditions, C₂ and CN molecules are formed, and are observed to fluoresce on various electronic band transitions, notably C₂ Swan (A ³Π_g—X ³Π_u) and CN violet (B ²Σ⁺—X²Σ⁺).     

Photodissociation Exploration for Near-Visible UV Absorption of Molecular Bromine

The photodissociation of Br2 was investigated within the near-visible UV absorption band. Based on thepotential curves for the ground and low-lying excited states, the optical cross-sections for the discrete transitions of C1Πu, B3Π+0u, A3Π1u <—X1Σ+g and their total energy absorption spectrum are derived, and the quantum yield of (Br+Br*) channel are determined correspondingly. The one-dimensional Landau-Zener model is used to evaluate the behavior of curve crossing during photodissociation. The results indicate that the influence of nonadiabatic mechanism, which may be caused by the electronic-vibrational interplay between the B and C states, is negligibly small for the (Br+Br*) channel. From the Landau-Zener modeling of the observed product recoil parameter fi(Br+Br), the best-fit value of the coupling matrix element or coupling strength between the diabatic B and C state potentials is obtained.     

Vibrational analysis of the SO+ (A2Π−χ2Πr) emission system by an isotopic study

Absolute vibrational quantum numbers for the SO⁺ (A²Π—χ²Π_r) emission system have been determined by measurement of isotope shifts between S¹⁶O⁺ and S¹⁸O⁺ bands. It has been found that the tentative ν″ values reported previously should be decreased by one vibrational quantum number, The definite molecular constants for the SO⁺ (A²Π,χ²Π_r) states are determined and compared with photoelectron spectroscopic data.     

Steric effect in the energy transfer reaction of oriented CO (a 3Π, v'=0, Ω=1 and 2) + NO (X 2Π) → NO (A 2Σ+, B 2Π) + CO (X 1Σ+)

The oriented CO (a (3)Π, v' = 0, Ω = 1 and 2) beam has been prepared by using an electric hexapole and applied to the energy transfer reaction of CO (a (3)Π, v' = 0, Ω = 1 and 2) + NO (X (2)Π) → NO (A (2)Σ(+), B (2)Π) + CO (X (1)Σ(+)). The emission spectra of NO (A (2)Σ(+), B(2)Π) have been measured at three orientation configurations (C-end, O-end, random). The shape of the emission spectra (and/or the internal excitation of products) turns out to be insensitive to the molecular orientation. The vibrational distributions of NO (A (2)Σ(+), v' = 0-2) and NO (B (2)Π, v' = 0-2) are determined to be N(v'=0):N(v'=1):N(v'=2) = 1:0.40 ± 0.05:0.10 ± 0.05 and N(v'=0):N(v'=1):N(v'= 2) = 1:0.6 ± 0.1:0.7 ± 0.1, respectively, and the branching ratio γ/β [=NO (A (2)Σ(+))/NO (B (2)Π)] is estimated to be γ/β ～ 0.3 ± 0.1 by means of spectral simulation. These vibrational distributions of NO (A, B) can be essentially attributed to the product-pair correlations between CO (X, v″) and NO (A (2)Σ(+), v' = 0-2), NO (B (2)Π, v' = 0-2) due to energetic restriction under the vibrational distribution of CO (X, v″) produced from the vertical transition of CO (a (3)Π, v' = 0) → CO (X, v″) in the course of energy transfer. The steric opacity function has been determined at two wavelength regions: 220 < λ < 290 nm [NO (A → X) is dominant]; 320 < λ < 400 nm [NO (B → X) is dominant]. For both channels NO (A (2)Σ(+), B(2)Π), a significant CO (a (3)Π) alignment effect is recognized; the largest reactivity at the sideways direction with the small reactivity at the molecular axis direction is observed. These CO (a (3)Π) alignment effects can be essentially attributed to the steric asymmetry on two sets of molecular orbital overlap, [CO (2π) + NO (6σ (2π))] and [CO (5σ) + NO (1π (2π))]. All experimental observations support the electron exchange mechanism that is operative through the formation of a weakly bound complex OCNO.     

Boron Group Ions Direct Conversion of Carbon and Methane into Ethylene in DFT Study

In this study, density functional theory calculations reveal how boron group ions M^+(M = B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl) directly convert carbon and methane into ethylene at room temperature. M^+ reacts with the carbon atom to form the cation MC^+. Then, the reaction of MC^+ with methane leads to the cleavage of metal-carbon bond and the formation of CH2CH2 through C-C coupling, with the ion M^+ serving as a leaving group. The cycle then begins again. The mechanism of C/CH4 system catalyzed by five ion types is investigated herein, and the reasons for the different reactivity of five ion types are determined. The moderate strength of the Al^+-C bond results in Al^+ being the only appropriate catalyst of M^+(M?=?B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl) that can catalyze methane and carbon into ethylene.     

碘甲烷通过Ã态和C态的多光子电离

碘甲烷分子与激光相互作用,发生的光解、激发电离等化学或物理过程已由许多人进行过研究.本文报导用多光子电离飞行质谱和光电子能谱技术研究碘甲烷通过(?)态和(?)态的多光子过程的主要实验结果和结论.实验用Nd:YAG 激光器泵浦染料激光器,可调谐的染料(R590)激光经倍频或与YAG 基频1.06μm 混频后分别得到280nm 或366nm 附近的紫外光,能量为0.2—2mJ/脉冲,时间脉     

Semiempirical configuration interaction calculations of XPS shake-up satellites in Ni(CO)4

INDO/CI calculations were used to analyze the C1s and O1s shake-up spectra of nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)₄. The satellite structure in both cases is dominated by excitations from metal–ligand bonding (2Π_b) to metal–ligand antibonding (2Π_a) orbitals and by excitations within the core-ionized CO molecule, Π_CO—Π*_CO. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69: 649–657, 1998     

Shedding light on a dark state: the energetically lowest quintet state of C2

In this work we present a deperturbation study of the d?(3)Π(g), v=6 state of C(2) by double-resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy. Accurate line positions of perturbed transitions are unambiguously assigned by intermediate level labeling. In addition, extra lines are accessible by taking advantage of the sensitivity and high dynamic range of the technique. These weak spectral features originate from nearby-lying dark states that gain transition strength through the perturbation process. The deperturbation analysis of the complex spectral region in the (6,5) and (6,4) bands of the Swan system (d(3)Π(g)-a?(3)Π(u)) unveils the presence of the energetically lowest high-spin state of C(2) in the vicinity of the d?(3)Π(g), v=6 state. The term energy curves of the three spin components of the d state cross the five terms of the 1?(5)Π(g) state at rotational quantum numbers N ≤ 11. The spectral complexity for transitions to the v = 6 level of d?(3)Π(g) state is further enhanced by an additional perturbation at N = 19 and 21 owing to the b?(3)Σ(g)(-), v=19 state. The spectroscopic characterization of both dark states is accessible by the measurement of 122 "window" levels. A global fit of the positions to a conventional Hamiltonian for a linear diatomic molecule yields accurate molecular constants for the quintet and triplet perturber states for the first time. In addition, parameters for the spin-orbit and L-uncoupling interaction between the electronic levels are determined. The detailed deperturbation study unravels major issues of the so-called high-pressure bands of C(2). The anomalous nonthermal emission initially observed by Fowler in 1910 [Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 70, 484 (1910)] and later observed in numerous experimental environments are rationalized by taking into account "gateway" states, i.e., rotational levels of the d?(3)Π(g), v=6 state that exhibit significant (5)Π(g) character through which all population flows from one electronic state to the other.     

Laser excited fluorescence of the Π vibronic states of BO2

The Π vibronic states of the $\text{X}$²Π_g electronic state of BO₂ have been studied by laser induced fluorescence. The (0, 0, 0) Π — (1, 0, 0) Π and the (1, 0, 0) Π — (2, 0, 0) Π vibronic bands were pumped with a cw dye laser. The results were used to obtain a new set of parameters for the $\text{X}$²Π_g electronic state. Also, the effect of the Fermi interaction on the (1, 0, 0), (2, 0, 0) and (3, 0, 0) fermiads was investigated.