基于典型工况的半导体制冷系统优化方式探讨

半导体制冷的特殊性,使制冷优化探讨对其工程应用具有重要指导意义.文中阐述了作为制冷片工作参数优化依据的最大效率E、等增量I、等功率P、综合最佳S、最大制冷量Q和最大温差T六种典型制冷工况.工况对比分析指出,温差亦是影响制冷性能的重要因素.在讨论各工况应用场合和制冷片损坏机理的基础上.探讨了温差优化和供电与控制方式优化措...     

不可逆自旋量子制冷循环参数的优化设计

基于量子主方程和半群逼近方法，研究以许多无相互作用的自旋-1/2系统为工质的、由两个绝热和两个等磁场过程组成的不可逆量子制冷循环的一般性能特性。导出循环的性能系数、制冷率和输入功率等重要性能参数的表达式。应用数值求解，对受有限循环时间约束的制冷率进行了优化，计算了最大制冷率和相应的最佳性能参数，确定了性能系数的最佳区域和工质温度及两个等磁场过程时间的优化范围。进而详细分析了高温下循环的优化性能，所得结果被进一步推广，以致可直接用来描述由自旋-J系统为工质的量子制冷循环的性能。     

可逆简单空气制冷循环品质因子优化

本文利用经典热力学理论，以可逆简单空气制冷循环为研究对象，借用有限时间热力学提出的品质因子作为优化目标，通过理论分析和数值计算，推导出了品质因子与影响参数间的解析式.通过优化压比给出了制冷循环的最优性能，分析了循环温比对制冷循环最优性能的影响.结果表明，选用品质因子作为优化目标进行性能优化，存在最佳压比使得品质因子取得最大值，而且优化结果保证了制冷率和制冷系数之间的协调，是一种较优的折衷方案.     

不可逆量子自旋布雷顿制冷机最优性能

本文建立了以无相互作用1/2自旋系统为工质的不可逆量子布雷顿制冷循环模型,循环由两个等磁场过程和两个不可逆绝热过程组成。模型考虑了热阻、内摩擦、旁通热漏三种不可逆损失。应用有限时间热力学理论、量子主方程和量子半群方法,本文导出了该制冷机的循环周期、制冷率和制冷系数。应用数值计算和图例,给出了量子布雷顿制冷机的制冷率和制冷系数最优性能,并分析了量子摩擦和旁通热漏对其最优性能的影响。     

基于一维弹道导体的三端纳米线制冷机的性能优化

基于一维弹道导体,建立了三端纳米线制冷机模型.该模型是由一个中间空腔和左右电子库组成,中间空腔和两电子库通过一维纳米线导体进行连接.利用朗道方程和基本热力学公式推导出两电子库之间电荷流和能量流的表达式,进而得出该制冷机模型的工作区间,然后分析其性能特征并讨论制冷机性能优化.研究表明:不同的参数下该制冷机会有不同的制冷区间,但每个制冷区间都存在一个温差上限,超过该温差,此装置将不能进行制冷.制冷率随制冷系数变化的特征曲线为回原点扭叶型曲线,这为衡量该制冷机性能提供了重要指标.尽可能减小纳米线的能级宽度会提高该制冷机的工作性能.     

热电制冷技术研究与应用

热电制冷技术是一种主要基于帕尔贴效应的新型制冷技术,由于其具有结构简单、制冷迅速、寿命长等优点,热电制冷技术受到了越来越多的关注.通过对国内外相关文献的研究,对热电制冷技术的原理进行了阐述,并对热电制冷的应用和性能优化两方面的发展进行了综述.     

二级不可逆磁Brayton制冷循环性能分析及参数优化

建立受有限速率热传导和绝热过程不可逆性影响的二级磁Brayton制冷循环模型,导出循环的性能系数和制冷率表达式,分析等磁场过程的磁场比、绝热不可逆因子、等磁中冷过程等对二级不可逆磁Brayton制冷循环最大制冷率及相关参数的影响,所得结论能为提高磁制冷机的循环性能提供参数设计参考.     

分布式制冷系统中的负荷分配性能优化研究

针对分布式制冷系统中多台制冷装置并行工作的特点,深入研究了在分布式制冷系统中制冷需求模型。采用基于PLC控制器的制冷系统控制方案,通过设计制冷控制系统对分布式制冷系统的各个工作单元进行控制和调节,动态调整各个工作单元的负荷分配,从总体上对分布式制冷系统的性能进行优化。重点对制冷控制系统的设计方案进行了阐述,详细描述了控制系统的工作过程,并给出了负荷动态分配策略及性能优化方案。     

双制冷片热电制冷模组布局优化研究

对两个热电制冷片的制冷模组进行数值模拟,分析制冷片中心间距对热耦合强度的影响;通过有限元仿真,对比分析热电制冷片中心间距和偏置距离差异对其性能的影响。结果表明：制冷片的中心间距能显著影响热耦合强度,热耦合强度随着中心间距的增大而降低;制冷片的热布局优化能使制冷模组的实际工作性能提升,在热电制冷片中心间距为100 mm,偏置中心线距离为10 mm时,模组工作性能最佳。在工作电流3 A时,相比于两片热电制冷片邻接布置,冷热面温差降低了11.66%,制冷量和制冷效率分别提升了6.76%和9.21%。     

两级烟气废热溴化锂制冷机热能利用经济性分析

废热溴化锂制冷机可以直接利用烟气废热或化学反应热来驱动进行制冷,因此废热回收的综合利用率比较高。论文对烟气废热驱动废热溴化锂制冷机的热能利用的经济性进行了分析,在烟气废热驱动溴化锂制冷机中,溴化锂制冷机的COP仅仅反映的是溴化锂制冷机本身的性能,不能作为衡量废热溴化锂制冷机废热制冷的效率高低和性能好坏的标准,因此本文采用废热利用率和废热制冷率对烟气废热溴化锂制冷机的废热制冷性能指标,废热制冷率与炯效率分析结果相一致,通过比较发现,二级烟气双效废热驱动废热溴化锂制冷机的废热制冷率最高,炯效率也最高。     

广义不可逆卡诺制冷机的生态学最优性能

以反映制冷机火用输出与熵产率之间最佳折衷的“生态学”准则为目标 ,综合考虑热阻、热漏及工质内不可逆性 ,导出了牛顿传热定律系统广义不可逆制冷机的生态学最优性能 ,由数值算例对不同损失情况下制冷机的性能变化规律进行了比较。文中结果对实际制冷机的设计工作具有一定的理论指导意义     

Performance characteristics and optimal analysis of a nonlinear diode refrigerator

This paper establishes a model of a nonlinear diode refrigerator consisting of two diodes switched in the opposite directions and located in two heat reservoirs with different temperatures.Based on the theory of thermal fluctuations,the expressions of the heat flux absorbed from the heat reservoirs are derived.After the heat leak between the two reservoirs is considered,the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance are obtained analytically.The influence of the heat leak and the temperature ratio on the performance characteristics of the refrigerator is analysed in detail.     

A thermal entangled quantum refrigerator based on a two-qubit Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in an external magnetic field

Based on an isotropic two spin-1/2 qubits Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in an external magnetic field, we have constructed an entangled quantum refrigerator. Expressions for the basic thermodynamic quantities, i.e., the heat exchanged, the net work input, and the coefficient of performance, are derived. Some intriguing features and their qualitative explanations in zero and non zero magnetic fields are given. The influence of the thermal entanglement on the refrigerator is investigated. The results obtained here have general significance and will be helpful to understand the performance of an entangled quantum refrigerator.     

Ecological optimization for an irreversible magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle

An irreversible Ericsson refrigeration cycle model is established, in which multi-irreversibilities such as finite-rate heat transfer, regenerative loss, heat leakage, and the efficiency of the regenerator are taken into account. Expressions for several important performance parameters, such as the cooling rate, coefficient of performance （COP）, power input, exergy output rate, entropy generation rate, and ecological function are derived. The influences of the heat leakage and the time of the regenerative processes on the ecological performance of the refrigerator are analyzed. The optimal regions of the ecological function, cooling rate, and COP are determined and evaluated. Furthermore, some important parameter relations of the refrigerator are revealed and discussed in detail. The results obtained here have general significance and will be helpful in gaining a deep understanding of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle.     

正、反向两源热力循环有限时间热力学性能优化的研究进展

有限时间热力学所得结果具有普适性,其研究结果已成为热物理学的一个重要基础.许多学者利用有限时间热力学方法对单级和多级正、反向两热源热力循环最优性能和最优构型进行了大量研究,获得了一些比经典热力学对于工程设计和优化更具有实际指导意义的新结论.综述了利用有限时间热力学理论对不同传热规律下单级和多级正、反向两热源热力循环最优性能和最优构型研究的最新进展,包括不同传热规律下内可逆和不可逆卡诺热机、制冷机和热泵循环的最优性能研究进展,两热源热机、制冷和热泵循环最优构型及多级复杂热力系统最优构型研究进展.     

Performance characteristics of an energy selective electron refrigerator with double resonances

This paper establishes the energy selective electron (ESE) engine with double resonances as a refrigerator in one dimensional (1D) system. It consists of two infinitely large electron reservoirs with different temperatures and chemical potentials, and they are perfectly thermally insulated from each other and interaction only via a double `idealized energy filter' whose widths are all finite. Taking advantage of the density of state and Fermi distribution in the 1D system, the heat flux into each reservoir may then be calculated. Moreover, the coefficient of performance may be derived from the expressions for the heat flux into the hot and cold reservoirs. The performance characteristic curves are plotted by numerical analysis. The influences of the resonances widths, the energy position of resonance and the space of two resonances on performance of the ESE refrigerator are discussed. The results obtained here have theoretical significance for the understanding of thermodynamic performance of the micro--nano devices.     

Theory of inert gas-condensing vapor thermoacoustics: transport equations

The preceding paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 1414-1422 (2002)] derives the propagation equation for sound in an inert gas-condensing vapor mixture in a wet-walled pore with an imposed temperature gradient. In this paper the mass, enthalpy, heat, and work transport equations necessary to describe the steady-state operation of a wet-walled thermoacoustic refrigerator are derived and presented in a form suitable for numerical evaluation. The requirement that the refrigerator operate in the steady state imposes zero mass flux for each species through a cross section. This in turn leads to the evaluation of the mass flux of vapor in the system. The vapor transport and heat transport are shown to work in parallel to produce additional cooling power in the wet refrigerator. An idealized calculation of the coefficient of performance (COP) of a wet-walled thermoacoustic refrigerator is derived and evaluated for a refrigeration system. The results of this calculation indicate that the wet-walled system can improve the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators. Several experimental and practical questions and problems that must be addressed before a practical device can be designed and tested are described.     

真空隔热板在电冰箱隔热保温中应用分析

分析了真空隔热板构造及使用特点,指出了复合绝热体的构成,介绍了研制BCD-186CHS电冰箱中真空隔热板及隔热层厚度分布,进行了聚氨酯绝热材料与复合绝热体的性能比较及在研制电冰箱中应用时的漏热及能耗比较,测试结果表明后者漏热减少12.6%、能耗减少11.4%。指出了真空隔热板在电冰箱隔热保温中的应用方式、注意事项及使用效果,展望了真空隔热板的应用前景。     

驻波型热声制冷机熵产分析

声制冷机是一种新型制冷机,具有无机械运动部件,可靠性高寿命长,采用惰性气体为工质无污染等优点．驻波型热声制冷机的声功泵热效应是不可逆过程,内部不可逆损失导致热声制冷机效率偏低,制约了热声制冷机的发展和应用．本文研究了线性范围内驻波型制冷机换热器和回热器内的可压缩振荡流动与传热过程的熵产,分析了板间距,振荡频率和温度梯度对熵产的影响。