Low temperature resonances in the electron heat capacity of finite systems

Temperature variations of the heat capacity (C) are studied in a low temperature regime T<δ_F∼ε_F/N for 2D and 3D systems with N∼10²-10⁴ treated as a canonical ensemble of N-noninteracting fermions. The analysis of C is performed by introducing the function φ(ε), the spectral distribution of C, that gives the contribution of each single-particle state to C. This function has two peaks divided by the energy interval . If at some temperature T_res a resonance takes place i.e. the positions of these peaks coincide with energies of two levels nearest to ε_F then C vs T can show a local maximum at T_res. This gives us the possibility to assess the single-particle level spacings near the Fermi level.     

运用R矩阵方法研究低能电子与NO_2分子的散射

基于静电-交换和密耦合两种模型,采用R矩阵方法,研究了低能电子与二氧化氮自由基分子的积分散射截面和动量迁移散射截面,包括弹性散射和从电子基态到电子激发态的非弹性散射.采用aug-cc-pVTZ基组进行靶分子结构优化和散射研究.在密耦合模型中,包含6个电子的最低三个占据轨道1b_2,1a_1,2a_1被冻结,其余17个电子自由运动在活化空间中,并给活化空间增加了2b_1和7a_1两个虚轨道.包含了所有垂直激发能小于20 eV的靶分子电子组态,得到了收敛的散射截面,并与最新理论和实验值进行了比较.当入射能量小于4 eV时,本文结果与实验值符合得更好,校正了以往部分理论结果在极低能量处过高的现象,表明关联效应对于极低能量散射是非常重要的.     

气体密度对瑞利散射法测量团簇尺寸影响的初步分析

瑞利散射法被广泛地应用于测量团簇尺寸,通常视散射信号的强弱只正比于团簇的大小。从理论推导得到瑞利散射信号并不仅仅是团簇尺寸的函数,而与团簇尺寸、气体密度和结合率均有关系,认为采用瑞利散射法测量团簇尺寸应考虑气体密度对测量结果的影响。并用该分析方法研究了氩团簇沿喷嘴轴线的尺寸分布情况：团簇尺寸沿喷嘴轴线并不是单纯的单调变化,而是在某个位置达到最大值,并且这个位置与背景压强等因素有关。     

乙炔分子的低能电子弹性散射研究

本文采用R矩阵方法研究低能电子与乙炔分子的弹性散射截面及其动力学过程.研究采用静态交换势模型(SE)和静态交换加极化势模型(SEP)两种方法.结果显示当前SEP模型预测的弹性散射截面与已有的实验值和理论结果符合的很好.SE模型预测了一个位于4.75 eV,宽度为3.0 eV的π形状共振态.该共振态在SEP模型中的位置降低为2.65 eV,宽度为1.5 eV.它来自B_(2g)和B_(3g)对称性贡献,理论预测共振态位置与实验值符合的很好.我们讨论了考虑不同的虚轨道对共振态的影响,说明预测精确的共振态的位置需要准确的处理极化效应.基于SEP模型得到的K矩阵元,我们使用POLYDCS代码计算的散射微分截面(DCS),和实验值符合的较好.除此之外,我们还报道了2 eV时转动分辨的态-态微分截面.     

Spectroscopy and scattering matrices with nitrogen atom: Rydberg states and optical oscillator strengths

The scattering matrices of ${rm e}+ {rm N}^{+}$ with $J^pi=1.5^{+}$ in discrete energy regions are calculated using the eigenchannel R-matrix method. We obtain good parameters of multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) that vary smoothly as the function of the energy resulting from the analytical continuation property of the scattering matrices. By employing the MQDT, all discrete energy levels for N could be calculated accurately without missing anyone. The MQDT parameters (i.e., scattering matrices) can be calibrated with the available precise spectroscopy values. In this work, the optical oscillator strengths for the transition between the ground state and Rydberg series are obtained, which provide rich data for the diagnostic analysis of plasma.     

Simulation of 12C+12C elastic scattering at high energy by using the Monte Carlo method

The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the ¹²C+¹²C reaction process. Taking into account the size of the incident ¹²C beam spot and the thickness of the ¹²C target, the distributions of scattered ¹²C on the MWPC and the CsI detectors at a detective distance have been simulated. In order to separate elastic scattering from the inelastic scattering with 4.4 MeV excited energy, we set several variables: the kinetic energy of incident ¹²C, the thickness of the ¹²C target, the ratio of the excited state, the wire spacing of the MWPC, the energy resolution of the CsI detector and the time resolution of the plastic scintillator. From the simulation results, the preliminary establishment of the experiment system can be determined to be that the beam size of the incident ¹²C is φ 5 mm, the incident kinetic energy is 200-400 A MeV, the target thickness is 2 mm, the ratio of the excited state is 20%, the ight distance of scattered ¹²C is 3 m, the energy resolution of the CsI detectors is 1%, the time resolution of the plastic scintillator is 0.5%, and the size of the CsI detectors is 7 cm×7 cm, and we need at least 16 CsI detectors to cover a 0° to 5° angular distribution.     

相干瑞利散射海水水下温度测量技术的理论研究

海水水下温度的快速大范围测量是海洋监测的重要内容,在民用和军事领域都有着至关重要的意义,本文提出了采用相干瑞利散射方法测量海水水下温度的新方法:用宽带高速光电探测器接收本振激光和海水后向瑞利散射光相干产生的差频信号,进行傅里叶变换分析获取海水瑞利散射展宽谱,从而反演海水温度,首先从海水的热力学特性出发,对利用瑞利散射谱测量海水水下温度的基本原理进行了理论研究和软件模拟;然后对采用相干探测测量海水瑞利散射谱的测量方法进行了理论分析和软件模拟;在此基础上对瑞利散射海水水下温度测量精度进行了分析,得出当水体瑞利散射频谱半宽度测量精度为1 MHz时,测温精度约为0.35 K。     

激光雷达测量大气温度的傅里叶分析方法

在对流层(小于12km）,由于大气中气溶胶的存在,传统的利用大气中瑞利散射光谱测量大气温度的方法具有一定的局限性。借助傅里叶分析方法对不同高度的大气后向散射光谱通过碘吸收池所产生的不同透过率曲线进行处理,同时考虑了对流层中气溶胶的影响,可得到对流层中不同高度、不同大气后向散射比条件下的温度轮廓线。     

Low temperature sintering of sub-stoichiometric Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites: Shrinkage, microstructure and permeability

We have studied sub-stoichiometric Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites with iron deficiency (i.e., <50mol% Fe₂O₃) of composition Ni_0.20Cu_0.20Zn_0.60+zFe_2−zO_4−(z/2) with 0≤z≤0.06. The temperature of maximum shrinkage rate is shifted from T=1000 °C for z=0 towards lower temperatures down to T=900 °C for a sub-stoichiometric ferrite with z=0.02. Dense samples are obtained after firing at 900 °C for z>0 only. Sub-stoichiometric compositions (z>0) do not form single-phase spinel ferrites after sintering at 900 °C, but rather represent mixtures of CuO and a stoichiometric ferrite with slightly modified composition. The formation of small amounts of CuO at grain boundaries is demonstrated by XRD and SEM. The permeability is increased from μ=80 for stoichiometric ferrites (z=0) to μ=660 for z=0.02. The formation of CuO during sintering of sub-stoichiometric ferrites supports densification and is a prerequisite for low temperature firing of multilayer inductors. Addition of 1 wt% Bi₂O₃ as liquid phase sintering aid is required to provide sufficient densification of the stoichiometric ferrite (z=0) at 900 °C. Addition of 0.37 wt% Bi₂O₃ to a sub-stoichiometric ferrite (z=0.02) results in dense samples after firing at 900 °C; however, the microstructure formation is dominated by heterogeneous grain growth.     

Low temperature,high pressure Raman study of SbSBr

Abstract

We have measured the Raman spectra of the quasi-one-dimensional crystal SbSBr as a function of pressure at 295, 70, 37 and 25 K.

The pressure coefficients of the observed Raman modes have been determined and used to distinguish inter-from intrachain modes. Spectral features characteristic of the ferroelectric phase have been attributed to impurities or lattice imperfections and not to the presence of the ferroelectric phase, providing indication that the para-to ferroelectric phase transition occurs below 25 K.     

A review of the effects of light scattering on the dynamics of irregularly shaped dust grains in the Solar System

The various aspects of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with cosmic dust particles are discussed. In particular, attention is paid to discrepancies between optical and physical behavior of realistically shaped particles and volume equivalent homogeneous spheres. The dynamical evolution of morphologically non-identical particles which are driven by gravity, electromagnetic radiation and the Lorentz forces can dramatically differ. Although spherical particles often enable analytical calculations, an orbital evolution of spheres cannot be considered as a representative evolution for real cosmic dust particles. The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the motion of dust grains plays a crucial role here. While irregularly shaped interstellar dust particles may be captured in the Solar System, the spherical particles will not survive due to close encounters with the Sun. Spherical grains can be captured almost only in the evaporation region (in the vicinity of the Sun), where they are destroyed due to high temperatures. The spherical dust particles ejected from comets will monotonously inspiral toward the Sun subject to the Poynting-Robertson effect. However, the non-spherical particles of the same origin may be temporarily stabilized at some heliocentric distances and thus their lifetime may be much longer than that for the Mie spheres. Some dust particles may also be captured in mean-motion resonances with planets (commensurability resonances). While spherical particles are always characterized by the secular decrease of the semi-major axes near mean-motion resonances, this may not be true for non-spherical particles. Resonant captures of arbitrarily shaped dust grains exist for exterior and interior mean-motion resonances with planets.     

Elastic electron scattering with CH2Br2 and CCl2Br2: The role of the polarization effects

We present elastic electron scattering cross sections with holmethane molecules CH₂Br₂ and CCl₂Br₂ in the low-energy region ranging from 0.01 eV to 20 eV. The calculations are performed with the R-matrix method in static-exchange plus polarization (SEP) and close-coupling (CC) approximations. The integral, differential, and momentum transfer cross sections are calculated. The convergence of the obtained cross sections is checked at four different levels of SEP approximation. The predicted positions of the resonances agree well with available results. The precise resonance parameters are found to be sensitive to the treatment of polarization effects employed. We find that the polarization has a substantial effect on the cross sections, and this effect becomes even more important for lower impact energies.     

激光雷达测量大气温度的傅里叶分析方法

 在对流层(小于12km），由于大气中气溶胶的存在，传统的利用大气中瑞利散射光谱测量大气温度的方法具有一定的局限性。借助傅里叶分析方法对不同高度的大气后向散射光谱通过碘吸收池所产生的不同透过率曲线进行处理，同时考虑了对流层中气溶胶的影响，可得到对流层中不同高度、不同大气后向散射比条件下的温度轮廓线。     

插值法在低温温度测量中的应用

依托建立的低温精馏装置,针对低温环境中温度测量问题,提出一种基于LabVIEW的低温温度测量方法。该方法将插值法引入到数据分析中,通过软件编程实现数据处理、显示、存储等功能。经过理论分析与实验对比,该方法准确度提高到0.01 K,可移植性强,是低温环境中温度测量的可行方法。     

Analytic properties of the scattering amplitude and resonances parameters in a meson exchange model

The analytic properties of scattering amplitudes provide important information. Besides the cuts, the poles and zeros on the different Riemann sheets determine the global behavior of the amplitude on the physical axis. Pole positions and residues allow for a parameterization of resonances in a well-defined way, free of assumptions for the background and energy dependence of the resonance part. This is a necessary condition to relate resonance contributions in different reactions. In the present study, we determine the pole structure of pion–nucleon scattering in an analytic model based on meson exchange. For this, the sheet structure of the amplitude is determined. To show the precision of the resonance extraction and discuss phenomena such as resonance interference, we discuss the S₁₁ amplitude in greater detail.     

亚表面双球孔洞的热波散射与温度分布

基于非Fourier热传导方程,采用波函数展开法,对含双球形孔洞缺陷的半无限体材料内部的热波散射与温度分布进行了研究,给出了材料内部任一点温度的解析解和表面温度分布的数值计算结果。分析了孔洞的几何参数和物理参数对金属材料表面温度分布的影响。结果表明：相对热扩散长度、入射波波数和埋藏深度对表面温度分布的影响比较大,当孔洞间距较大时,可以忽略孔洞之间的热波散射。     

低散射非偏振依赖的聚合物/液晶光栅

了降低聚合物/液晶光栅的散射损失,并消除光栅的偏振依赖性,选取了低官能度的光敏单体作为反应体系,并逐步提高光栅的制备温度。首先选用五官能度的DPHPA （dipentaerythritol hydroxyl pentaacrylate）、双官能度的PDDA（ phthalic diglycol diacrylate）以及单官能度的NVP （N-vinylpyrrolidone）作为反应体系;其次,在制备过程中在光栅的后面放置加热台,逐步提升制备温度。实验结果表明:当制备温度上升到62 ℃以上,光栅有更多（36%）的液晶析出,相分离比常温下制备时要更完全一些,而且高温下制备的光栅其平整度更高,从而使光栅的散射损失比常温下减小了66.7%,器件的SEM图片也进一步证明了这个结论。同时高温制备也消除了液晶光栅的偏振依赖特性。     

Solving the atmospheric scattering optical transfer function using the multi-coupled single scattering method

The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function （OTF） is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation （RTE） under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function （MTF） measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.     

Pure elastic resonance scattering for submerged elastic objects with separable geometries

I.IntroductionTheResonanceScatteringTheory(RST)wasdevelopedasabasicmethodtoanalyzesoundscatteringfromelasticobjectsimmersedinwater.Itwasusedtocylindricalandspher-icalgeometries,includingsolidandshellobjects.TheRSTinvestigatesmainlytheresonancespectrumofscatteredwavefromanelasticobjectexcitedbytheincidentwave.Theresonallcespectrum,namedthe'AcousticSpectroscoPy',reflectsmaterialcharactersoftheobjectsandcanbeusedtoidentifythetarget.Theresonallcespectraareisolatedbysubtractingfromthescattere…     

Low temperature ageing of silicas Gasil-I and TK800

Gasil-I (a mesoporous silica) and TK800 (a non-porous pyrogenic silica) were investigated in the early 1970s as standard reference materials. Since then the specific surface areas of both silicas have decreased to ∼85% of their initial values, suggesting that the surface character and the ageing mechanism may be the same for both. Comparisons of the shapes of nitrogen-adsorption isotherms, confirmed by comparisons of the shape ratios for Gasil-I and TK800, indicate that Gasil-I has greater microbore character and a higher absorption at p/p₀ > 0.5 than TK800 and that the isotherm shapes have changed little since 1974. The specific volume of Gasil-I has remained nearly constant during the ageing period but the pore size distribution (PSD) has shifted markedly to higher values.Electron micrographs show that low (room) temperature gas-solid ageing results in similar enlargement at the point of contact between attached secondary particles as that which occurs in hydrothermal ageing. In the gas-solid case, this change, which accounts for the decrease in overall surface area, is attributed to the surface transport of silica material in the presence of near monolayer quantities of adsorbed water. Ageing in this manner is geometry-limited so that the rate of ageing is expected to approach zero, resulting in time-stable silicas.