Computational studies of σ-type weak interactions between NCO/NCS radicals and XY(X = H,Cl;Y = F,Cl,and Br)

The triatomic radicals NCO and NCS are of interest in atmospheric chemistry,and both the ends of these radicals can potentially serve as electron donors during the formation of σ-type hydrogen/halogen bonds with electron acceptors XY(X = H,Cl;Y = F,Cl,and Br).The geometries of the weakly bonded systems NCO/NCS···XY were determined at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of calculation.The results obtained indicate that the geometries in which the hydrogen/halogen atom is bonded at the N atom are more stable than those where it is bonded at the O/S atom,and that it is the molecular electrostatic potential(MEP)-not the electronegativity-that determines the stability of the hydrogen/halogen bond.For the same electron donor(N or O/S) in the triatomic radical and the same X atom in XY,the bond strength decreases in the order Y = F > Cl > Br.In the hydrogen/halogen bond formation process for all of the complexes studied in this work,transfer of spin electron density from the electron donor to the electron acceptor is negligible,but spin density rearranges within the triatomic radicals,being transferred to the terminal atom not interacting with XY.     

Fe+与CH3X（X=Cl,Br,I）反应的理论研究

铁及其复合物催化的C—X键功能化日益引起人们的重视.采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/def2-SVP水平下详细研究了Fe+与CH3X(X=Cl,Br,I)的反应活性和机理.计算结果表明标题反应存在两种反应机制,即插入机制和SN2机制.从机理上来看,在插入机理中,反应都始于Fe+离子从侧面进攻CH3X,生成产物FeX+和CH3;而在SN2机制中,反应则始于Fe+离子从背后进攻CH3X,生成产物3FeCH+和X.从我们的计算可以看出,四重态或六重态下的Fe+离子在C—X键活化中展现了截然不同的催化活性;在所有通道中,都以四重态为主导;SN2机制中相对较高的决速能垒使其丧失了竞争性.再者,计算表明在所有的插入机制中,所有通道都是放热的,而在SN2机制中,仅有X=I时,反应是放热的.此外,计算表明这些反应属于两态反应活性,两种机制中,在反应的入口和出口存在最小能量交叉点.此外,反应途径电子结构追踪分析表明自旋极化对能量影响较大,调控着反应采取的反应通道和主副产物比例.通过本文的理论研究,尤其是详细的电子结构分析,为铁催化剂活化C—X键和C—C耦联反应提供了线索和以铁为基的催化剂设计提供理论依据.     

超碱金属复合物Al7X0/-（X=F,Cl,Br,I）的结构及非线性光学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了一系列超碱金属复合物Al7X0/-(X=F,Cl,Br,I)的几何结构及二阶非线性光学(NLO)性质.结果表明,不同卤素的连接对Al0/-7簇的几何构型影响均很小.计算得到Al7X和Al7X-体系的垂直电离能(VIE)均低于Cs原子的第一电离势(IP=3.90 eV),表明这些体系具有超碱金属的性质,可称其为超碱金属.此外,采用CAM-B3LYP,M06-2X和PBE0等3种泛函计算了该体系的非线性光学性质,结果显示,上述体系均具有较大的第一超极化率(β0),其中Al7I-的β0值为21679 a.u.,是已知超碱金属复合物BLi6F(11459 a.u.)的1.9倍.值得注意的是,该类体系的第一超极化率随着卤素电负性的减小而增大,即Al7F0/-相似文献   

卤化氢HX（X=F,Cl,Br,I）与C2H2相互作用本质的量子化学研究

在MP2水平上,采用全电子基组,对C2H2与HX(X=F,Cl,Br,I)相互作用进行了研究.构型优化同时进行频率验证,得到4个T型结构的稳定复合物,相互作用能在-12.761～-7.086kJ/mol之间.自然键轨道(NBO)与分子中的原子(AIM)理论分析表明,形成复合物分子间的电荷转移量都很少,最大仅为0.009a.u.,作用强度与氢键类似.对称性匹配微拢理论(SAPT)能量分解数据表明,对于C2H2…HX(X=F,Cl,Br,I)体系,从F到I,静电作用逐渐减弱,色散作用逐渐增强;相互作用能中对吸引能的贡献主要为静电能和色散能,二者之和占到80%以上,诱导能所占的比例很小,卤化氢与乙炔分子间相互作用的本质为静电作用和色散作用.     

苯-卤素(X2, X=F, Cl, Br, I)相互作用本质的对称性匹配微扰理论研究

在MP2水平下对被定义为"电荷转移复合物(CTC)"的苯(C6H6)-卤素分子X2(X＝F, Cl, Br, I)相互作用体系进行了量子化学研究. 在优化所得C6H6-X2(X＝F, Cl, Br, I)复合物的平衡几何结构中, 卤素分子X2接近垂直指向苯环上碳-碳双键的中心. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析结果表明, 苯-卤素体系中电荷转移的数量很少. 对称性匹配微扰理论(Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, SAPT) 能量分解结果显示, 在4个复合物体系中, 静电作用的贡献相对较小(只占总吸引作用的20%左右), 对于C6H6-F2体系, 色散作用是其主要吸引作用, 对于C6H6-Cl2, C6H6-Br2和C6H6-I2 体系, 诱导作用则是其主要的吸引作用, 从F到I, 色散作用逐渐减弱, 诱导作用逐渐增强, 表明在电子相关水平上将苯-卤素体系称为"电荷转移复合物"的说法并不确切.     

固相配位化学反应研究——LⅦ.阴离子盐KY(Y=Cl,Br,I,CN,SCN)对[Co(NH3)4CO3]Cl热分解的影响

本文通过气相色谱逸出气体分析(EGA)法,配合红外光谱、X-射线粉末衍射等手段,研究了氢气氛中阴离子盐KY(Y=Cl,Br,I,CN,SCN)对配合物[Co(NH_3)_4CO_3]Cl热分解的影响,用Coats-Redfern方法计算了固相反应放出CO_2的动力学参数,得到的活化能值随外加阴离子的不同而有下列顺序:CN~->Cl~->Br~->Г>SCN~-,反应机理均为成核生长机理(F_1).     

Theoretical Study of the Gauche and Trans Conformers of SiH2X–CH2X, SiH2F–CH2Y and SiH2Y–CH2F (X?=?F,?Cl, Br, I and Y = Cl, Br, I) in the Gas and Solution Phases

The gauche and trans rotamers of halogeno(halogenomethyl)silane (XSiH₂CH₂X; X = F, Cl, Br, I), fluoro(halogenomethyl)silane and halogeno(fluoromethyl)silane (SiH₂F–CH₂Y and SiH₂Y–CH₂F; Y = Cl, Br, I) have been studied in the gas phase using theoretical methods. The transition state arising from gauche-trans isomerization has also been modeled. The methods used are density functional theory (DFT) and second-order M?ller–Plesset theory (MP2). B3LYP is the functional used for the DFT method. The basis set used is 6-311++G(d,p) for all atoms except that 6-311G(d,p) is used for the iodine atom only. The results indicate that the trans conformers are preferred in the gas phase and both energy difference and rotational barrier height increase as the size of the halogen increases. This study has been extended to include the solvent effect with the dielectric constant of the solvents varying from 2 to 80. The solvent effect was explored using Self-Consistent Reaction Field and the conformers have been fully optimized at the DFT/B3LYP level of theory. The net effect of a solvent is that energy difference decreases but the rotational barrier is not much affected. The findings from this work are explained in terms of different interactions and these are supported by a Natural Bond Orbital analysis.     

Structure and stability of oligomeric anions [M n X3 n + 1]? (M = Al, Ga, In; X = F, Cl, Br, I; n = 2–4): A quantum-chemical study

The structural and thermodynamic properties of oligomeric anions [M _n X_{3n+ 1}]⁻ (M = Al, Ga, In; X = F, Cl, Br, I; n = 2, 3, 4) have been obtained by the density functional theory B3LYP method with the LAN2DZ(d) and LAN2DZ(d)+ basis sets. A wide diversity of structural isomers was found for trimeric fluoride anions M₃F₁₀⁻. Among the trimers, except In₃F₁₀⁻, the most stable is a linear isomer composed of two MX₃ molecules coordinated to the MX₄⁻ anion. The formation of tetrameric anions M₄X₁₃⁻ was demonstrated to be thermodynamically allowed at low temperatures at MX₃: X⁻ > 4: 1. The existence of higher oligomers is less probable. The affinity of oligomer halides (MX₃) _n for halide ions increases with an increase in n. The propensity to form oligomeric anions decreases in the series F > Cl ≥ Br > I. The fluoride systems show a tendency to form structures with CN = 5 and 6, these structures for In being the most stable. Original Russian Text ? A.Yu. Timoshkin, 2009, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 87–100.