金等离子体平均离化度随电子温度变化关系的研究

用Cowan的原子结构从头算程序和自旋轨道劈裂阵模型计算各阶电离的金离子能级和跃迁， 在碰撞辐射模型下求解能级布居数方程，计算给定等离子体密度和电子温度下等离子体中离子的分布，给出了平均离化度随电子温度的变化关系.发现稀薄的金等离子体中，在一定的电子温度范围内电子温度的升高平均电离度反而下降的反常现象.讨论了电离势对平均离化度的影响. 关键词： 金等离子体 碰撞辐射模型 布居数 平均电离度     

辐射加热Al等离子体的吸收谱实验

报道了辐射加热Al样品的K壳层辐射吸收谱实验. 在神光Ⅱ激光装置上,将8路主激光注入锥柱型金腔产生高温辐射源,利用该辐射源加热腔内的Al薄膜样品,产生温度达到几十电子伏的热稠密等离子体. 相对主激光延迟一定时间后,利用第9路激光短脉冲聚焦打靶加热金盘,产生短脉冲X光点光源. 通过测量075—085nm波长范围内未经样品衰减以及经过样品衰减后的背光源辐射光谱,得到了Al样品的K壳层吸收谱. 利用细致谱线计算的吸收谱对实验光谱进行拟合,确定了Al样品等离子体的电子温度. 关键词： Al等离子体 吸收谱 不透明度     

辐射加热Al等离子体的吸收谱实验

报道了辐射加热Al样品的K壳层辐射吸收谱实验. 在神光Ⅱ激光装置上，将8路主激光注入锥柱型金腔产生高温辐射源，利用该辐射源加热腔内的Al薄膜样品，产生温度达到几十电子伏的热稠密等离子体. 相对主激光延迟一定时间后，利用第9路激光短脉冲聚焦打靶加热金盘，产生短脉冲X光点光源. 通过测量075—085nm波长范围内未经样品衰减以及经过样品衰减后的背光源辐射光谱，得到了Al样品的K壳层吸收谱. 利用细致谱线计算的吸收谱对实验光谱进行拟合，确定了Al样品等离子体的电子温度.     

囚禁离子与单模场的相互作用

研究了囚禁离子与单模量子辐射场构成的相互作用系统在载波激发(ωL=ω0)、红激发［ωＬ=ω0-jν(j=1,2,3)］和蓝激发［ωL=ω0+jν(j=1,2,3)］情形下的统计性质.讨论了系统的态函数随时间的演化关系、光子态和声子态交换的条件及相应的离子布居数，得到了光子数和声子数的平均值及其方差、光子场和声子场的二阶相干度等量值. 关键词： 囚禁离子 单模量子辐射场 声子场 旋波近似     

Kerr效应对T-C模型中原子布居数的影响

应用全量子理论，研究了Kerr介质中双模压缩真空场与耦合二能级原于相互作用系统原子布居差的时间演化规律，讨论了初始压缩因子、介质与辐射场的耦合强度对原子布居时间演化的影响。结果表明，随着Kerr效应的加强，原于布居的崩塌一回复周期变短，以至消失，振荡幅度减小。     

金等离子体中类Ni和类Ga离子跃迁子阵强度比研究

用Cowan 的原子结构从头算程序和SOSA模型计算各阶电离的金离子的能级结构和跃迁过程,在简化的碰撞辐射模型下求解能级布居数方程,计算了给定密度、不同电子温度下的金等离子体的理论合成谱.研究了类Ni和类Ga离子之间的共振线的强度比随电子温度的变化规律,利用这一变化规律可以为等离子体诊断提供辅助的方法.     

“碰撞-辐射”模型在Z箍缩等离子体K壳层线辐射谱分析中的应用

介绍了由K壳层谱线强度比估算等离子体状态参数的"碰撞-辐射"模型的基本原理.详细描述了自行研制的基于该模型的Z箍缩等离子体K壳层线辐射谱分析程序——ZSPEC的基本情况.给出了氖等离子体的计算结果,包括不同电离态离子的相对含量随电子温度的变化曲线和K壳层谱线强度比在"电子密度-电子温度"平面内的等高线分布图.该程序已在"阳"加速器Z箍缩实验结果分析中得到应用,将椭圆晶体谱仪测得的氖等离子体K壳层谱线强度比与ZSPEC程序计算结果相比较,得出在该发实验 关键词： 碰撞-辐射模型 K壳层线辐射谱')" href="#">K壳层线辐射谱 氖气喷气Z箍缩 阳加速器     

M带高能光子对发射谱诊断辐射场温度的影响

在稳态近似下通过求解速率方程分别计算了有无M带高能光子存在下,不同温度密度下Cl等离子体的离化度分布以及发射谱,研究了高能光子对等离子体发射谱的影响。研究发现:腔内混有的少量M带高能光子几乎不影响等离子体中重要的离化度分布,但是会激发或者电离各种离子的内壳层电子,从而对发射谱产生重要的影响。因此有M带高能光子存在时,用发射谱诊断等离子体温度时需要同时考虑温度、密度和M带高能光子对发射谱的影响。     

边界振动的微腔中的二能级原子

采用全量子理论，对注入腔内的二能级原子、单模腔场和振动边界(视为频率为ω_m的量子谐振子)构成的系统，在相互作用绘景中，求解了该系统的态函数随时间的演化关系，在此基础上得到了原子布居数随时间的演化关系，结果显示布居数在初始值附近振荡，这说明边界的振动是周期性的，它对原子布居数的影响也是周期性的. 关键词： 边界振动的微腔 二能级原子 布居数     

非旋波近似下频率变化的场与原子的相互作用

研究了非旋波近似下频率随时间变化的相干态光场与二能级原子的相互作用，主要讨论了光场频率随时间作正弦和方波变化两种典型情况下，原子布居数反转随时间的演化特性. 当光场频率随时间作正弦变化时，原子布居数反转的崩塌-回复过程和由虚光子过程引起的快速振荡均会受到影响. 当光场频率随时间以方波形式变化时，脉冲调制不仅在原子布居数反转随时间演化过程中诱导出新的崩塌-回复过程，而且可以引起虚光子快速振荡的突变. 关键词： Jaynes-Cummings模型 非旋波近似 原子布居数反转     

Nichtgleichgewichtsdichten inhomogener Plasmen mit Photoabsorption

The electron and population densities in nonequilibrium plasmas are computed. For these computations rate equations dependent on geometrical dimensions were used. Such rate equations result if the unknown radiation intensity is eliminated. This is achived by using the radiative transport equation. Our density computations are valid for a quasi neutral plasma. The total pressure or the density of the heavy particles and the distribution of the electron energy have to be assumed. For homogeneous plasmas the inelastic collision processes and the radiation processes are considered. For inhomogeneous plasmas the diffusion processes of the excited atoms are considered in addition to the collision and radiation processes. Using this method of calculation the electron and population densities of a cesium plasma are computed. We assumed maxwellian distributions and a total pressure of 1 Torr.     

吸积盘的X射线辐射对周围星际物质的离化研究

利用辐射流体力学程序对三倍频纳秒激光与靶物质相互作用进行了模拟研究，得到了可以产生黑体辐射谱分布的激光等离子体X射线辐射靶的最佳厚度；数值模拟研究了黑体谱分布的X射线辐射场对等离子体系统平均离化度分布的影响，它有助于深入理解天体物理中吸积盘对它周围星际物质的离化影响. 关键词： 辐射流体力学 激光等离子体 X射线辐射 吸积盘 离化     

辐射场非平衡性对CH薄膜烧蚀特性的影响

 为研究辐射场非平衡性对ICF内爆靶丸辐射烧蚀效果的影响,在普朗克谱的高频区（Au的M带）叠加高斯谱人为地构造辐射源的能谱,利用1维多群辐射输运流体力学程序RDMG模拟CH薄膜的烧蚀过程,考察烧蚀压、预热、压缩比、冲击波速度等物理量受辐射场非平衡性的影响。模拟结果表明,Au的M带辐射有明显的增强预热、减小冲击波压缩比的作用,从而间接地影响了烧蚀冲击波的速度。     

Nonlinear interaction of the radiation with the pondermotive force deformated plasmas

The interaction of the powerful p-polarised radiation with the plasmas is studied. It is obtained the picture of the space and time evolution of the electromagnetic field in the plasmas and the picture of the particle's redistribution connected with the ponderomotive force of the plasma field and with the hydrodynamic motion as well. The dynamics of the electromagnetic field absorption and the distribution of the absorbed energy between the cold and hot electrons are investigated. The role of such general processes in the effect of second harmonic generation is demonstrated.     

Elementary Many‐Particle Processes in Plasma Microfields

The effect of electric and magnetic plasma microfields on elementary many‐body processes in plasmas is considered. As detected first by Inglis and Teller in 1939, the electric microfield controls several elementary processes in plasmas as transitions, line shifts and line broadening. We concentrate here on the many‐particle processes ionization, recombination, and fusion and study a wide area of plasma parameters. In the first part the state of art of investigations on microfield distributions is reviewed in brief. In the second part, various types of ionization processes are discussed with respect to the influence of electric microfields. It is demonstrated that the processes of tunnel and rescattering ionization by laser fields as well as the process of electron collisional ionization may be strongly influenced by the electric microfields in the plasma. The third part is devoted to processes of microfield action on fusion processes and the effects on three‐body recombination are investigated. It is shown that there are regions of plasma densities and temperatures, where the rate of nuclear fusion is accelerated by the electric microfields. This effect may be relevant for nuclear processes in stars. Further, fusion processes in ion clusters are studied. Finally we study in this section three‐body recombination effects and show that an electric microfield influences the three‐body electron‐ion recombination via the highly excited states. In the fourth part, the distribution of the magnetic microfield is investigated for equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and non‐uniform magnetized plasmas. We show that the field distribution in a neutral point of a non‐relativistic ideal equilibrium plasma is similar to the Holtsmark distribution for the electrical microfield. Relaxation processes in nonequilibrium plasmas may lead to additional microfields. We show that in turbulent plasmas the broadening of radiative electron transitions in atoms and ions, without change of the principle quantum number, may be due to the Zeeman effect and may exceed Doppler and Stark broadening as well. Further it is shown that for optical radiation the effect of depolarization of a linearly polarized laser beams propagating through a magnetized plasma may be rather strong. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

碰撞辐射稳态等离子体电荷态分布的一种扩展模型

通过等离子体中离子激发-退激发平衡关系,构造一种离子激发组态之间满足的非Boltzmann分布,利用这个分布作为权函数对原子过程速率系数进行平均,构造出一个扩展的碰撞辐射稳态模型.利用该模型计算从低Z到高Z元素等离子体平均离子电荷随电子温度的变化.进而研究非Boltzmann分布对平均电离度和激发组态相对密度的影响.结果表明,它对相对激发组态密度的影响非常显著. 关键词： 扩展的碰撞辐射稳态 概率分布 能级动理学     

Study of impurity behaviour in non-coronal equilibrium state

A physical model of analysing the behaviour of impurities out of coronal equilibrium in tokamak plasmas has been proposed. Through solving the time-dependent rate equations including the effects of atomic processes and the particle transport losses, the ionization state distribution is obtained for a range of low Z impurities such as helium, carbon, oxygen and argon. By using the ionization state distribution of these impurities, the radiation rate coefficients and the mean charge state changing with plasma temperature are calculated. The results show that the mean charge state （Z） is sensitively dependent on the parameter neT, and this is the reason why the radiation power of impurities under non-coronal equilibrium conditions is several orders of magnitude higher than that under coronal equilibrium condition.[第一段]     

实验室天体物理学简介

超短脉冲强激光与因体靶相互作用产生的高温高压、高密、高磁场、大加速度等性质与太阳及其他许多恒星中的物理条件非常相似,通过实验室 里模拟研究这种等离子体中的辐射输运、大尺度流体不稳定性、热核反应等过程,对于天体物理学家了解太阳和其他恒 中的物理过程提供了极好的实验手段。     

Radiative cooling of tokamak plasmas due to multiply-charged Fe impurity ions

Calculations are presented for the rates of radiative energy loss from tokamak plasmas arising from radiation processes involving collisions between electrons and multiply-charged Fe impurity ions. The distribution of ionization states is determined from the steady-state corona model. The inclusion of dielectronic recombination raises the temperature at which each ion has its maximum equilibrium abundance. For certain nonhydrogenic ions, the dielectronic recombination rates obtained from previous calculations are found to be overestimated due to the neglect of autoionization into an excited state of the recombining ion. Electron impact excitation of resonance line radiation in the far ultraviolet and X-ray regions is the dominant radiative cooling mechanism at temperatures where ions with bound electrons are abundant. However, the radiation emitted during dielectronic recombination can be more important than direct recombination radiation and bremsstrahlung.     

Hawking-like radiation does not require a trapped region

We discuss the issue of quasiparticle production by "analogue black holes" with particular attention paid to the possibility of reproducing Hawking radiation in a laboratory. By constructing simple geometric acoustic models, we obtain a somewhat unexpected result: We show that, in order to obtain a stationary and Planckian emission of quasiparticles, it is not necessary to create a trapped region in the acoustic spacetime (corresponding to a supersonic regime in the fluid flow). It is sufficient to set up a dynamically changing flow asymptotically approaching a sonic regime with sufficient rapidity in laboratory time. This result is generic to curved-space quantum field theory, the "analogue spacetimes" we consider providing a guide to physical intuition, and a possible route to laboratory experiments.