TO SOLVE MATRIX EQUATION sum (A~iXBi=c) BY THE SMITH NORMAL FORM

§ 1　IntroductionLet F be a field,F[λ] be the polynomial ring over F,Fm× n( or Fm× n[λ] ) be the setofall m×n matrices over F( or F[λ] ) .Let M(i) be the ith column of M∈Fm× m[λ] ,i=1 ,...,n.A g-inverse of M∈Fm× n will be denoted by M- and understood as a matrix for whichMM- M=M.In this paper,we discuss the linear matrix equation ki=0Ai XBi =C, ( 1 )where A∈Fm× m,Bi∈Fn× q,i=0 ,1 ,...,k,and C∈Fm× q.Equation( 1 ) is called universally solvable if ithas a solution f…     

中心对称本原矩阵的k点指数集

Let G = (V, E) be a primitive digraph. The vertex exponent of G at a vertex v ∈ V, denoted by expG(v), is the least integer p such that there is a v → u walk of length p for each u ∈ V. We choose to order the vertices of G in the k-point exponent of G and is denoted by expG(k), 1 ≤ k ≤ n. We define the k-point exponent set E(n, k) := {expG(k)| G = G(A) with A ∈ CSP(n)}, where CSP(n) is the set of all n × n central symmetric primitive matrices and G(A) is the associated graph of the matrix A. In this paper, we describe E(n,k) for all n, k with 1 ≤ k ≤ n except n ≡ 1(mod 2) and 1 ≤ k ≤ n - 4. We also characterize the extremal graphs when k = 1.     

RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTS Necessary and Sufficient Convergence Conditions for Algebraic Image Reconstruction Algorithms

Many imaging systems can be modeled by the following linear system of equations Ax=b,(1) where the observed data is b=(b~1...b~M)~T∈K~M and the image is x=(x_1…x_N)~T∈K~N.The number field K can be the reals R or the complexes C.The system matrix A=(A_(i,j)) is nonzero and of the dimension M×N matrix.The image reconstruction problem is to reconstruct the     

Linear Operators Preserving Symplectic Group over a Field Consisting of at Least Four Elements

Suppose F is a field consisting of at least four elements. Let Mn(F) and SP2n(F) be the linear space of all n×n matrices and the group of all 2n×2n symplectic matrices over F, respectively. A linear operator L:M2n(F)→M2n(F) is said to preserve the symplectic group if L(SP2n(F))=SP2n(F). It is shown that L is an invertible preserver of the symplectic group if and only if L takes the form (i) L(X)=QPXP-1 for any X∈M2n(F) or (ii) L(X)=QPXTP-1 for any X∈M2n(F), where Q∈SP2n(F) and P is a generalized symplectic matrix. This generalizes the result derived by Pierce in Canad J. Math., 3(1975), 715-724.     

GRAPHS CHARACTERIZED BY LAPLACIAN EIGENVALUES

§1. Introduction Let G = (V,E) be a simple graph. The Laplacian matrix of G is L(G) = D(G)?A(G),where D(G) = diag (du,u ∈V (G)) (du is the degree of a vertex u) and A(G) are the degreediagonal and the adjacency matrices of G. The eigenvalues of L(G) are called the Laplacianeigenvalues and denoted by λ1(G) ≥λ2(G) ≥···≥λn(G) = 0or for short λ1 ≥λ2 ≥···≥λn = 0.The Laplacian matrix of a simple gra…     

秩约束子集选择问题的分而治之解法

We consider the rank-constrained subset selection problem(RCSS):Given a matrix A and integer p≤rank(A),fing the largest submatrix A0 consisting of some colmns of A with rank(A0)=p.The RCSS problem is generally NP-hard.This paper focuses on a divide-and -conquer(DC)algorithm for solving the RCSS problem:Partition the matrix A into several small column blocks:A∏=[A1,…,Ak] with a certain column permutation ∏and decompose p to p1 p2 …pk such that solutions of the RCSS problems for smaller couples form a solution of the original RCSS problem.We show that the optimal solution of the RCSS problem can be found by DC algorithm for eachP≤rank (A),if and only if A is column-partitionable,i.e.,rank(A)=∑i=1^k rank(Ai),Based upon QR decomposition,a fast algorithm for determining the column partition is offered. Our divide-and-conquer algorithm is also quite efficient even A is approximately column-partitionable.     

Foliations on the tangent bundle of Finsler manifolds

Let M be a smooth manifold with Finsler metric F,and let T M be the slit tangent bundle of M with a generalized Riemannian metric G,which is induced by F.In this paper,we prove that (i) (M,F) is a Landsberg manifold if and only if the vertical foliation F V is totally geodesic in (T M,G);(ii) letting a:= a(τ) be a positive function of τ=F 2 and k,c be two positive numbers such that c=2 k(1+a),then (M,F) is of constant curvature k if and only if the restriction of G on the c-indicatrix bundle IM (c) is bundle-like for the horizontal Liouville foliation on IM (c),if and only if the horizontal Liouville vector field is a Killing vector field on (IM (c),G),if and only if the curvature-angular form Λ of (M,F) satisfies Λ=1-a 2/R on IM (c).     

Finite groups whose n-maximal subgroups are σ-subnormal

Let σ = {σ_i | i ∈ I} be some partition of the set of all primes P. A set H of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if every member ≠ 1 of H is a Hall σ_i-subgroup of G, for some i ∈ I, and H contains exactly one Hall σ_i-subgroup of G for every σ_i ∈σ(G). A subgroup H of G is said to be: σ-permutable or σ-quasinormal in G if G possesses a complete Hall σ-set H such that HA~x= A~xH for all A ∈ H and x ∈ G:σ-subnormal in G if there is a subgroup chain A = A_0≤A_1≤···≤ A_t = G such that either A_(i-1)■A_i or A_i/(A_(i-1))A_i is a finite σ_i-group for some σ_i ∈σ for all i = 1,..., t.If M_n M_(n-1) ··· M_1 M_0 = G, where Mi is a maximal subgroup of M_(i-1), i = 1, 2,..., n, then M_n is said to be an n-maximal subgroup of G. If each n-maximal subgroup of G is σ-subnormal(σ-quasinormal,respectively) in G but, in the case n 1, some(n-1)-maximal subgroup is not σ-subnormal(not σ-quasinormal,respectively) in G, we write m_σ(G) = n(m_(σq)(G) = n, respectively).In this paper, we show that the parameters m_σ(G) and m_(σq)(G) make possible to bound the σ-nilpotent length l_σ(G)(see below the definitions of the terms employed), the rank r(G) and the number |π(G)| of all distinct primes dividing the order |G| of a finite soluble group G. We also give the conditions under which a finite group is σ-soluble or σ-nilpotent, and describe the structure of a finite soluble group G in the case when m_σ(G) = |π(G)|. Some known results are generalized.     

A Class of Constrained Inverse Eigenproblem and Associated Approximation Problem for Symmetric Reflexive Matrices

Let S∈Rn×n be a symmetric and nontrival involution matrix. We say that A∈E R n×n is a symmetric reflexive matrix if AT = A and SAS = A. Let S R r n×n(S)={A|A= AT,A = SAS, A∈Rn×n}. This paper discusses the following two problems. The first one is as follows. Given Z∈Rn×m (m < n),∧= diag(λ1,...,λm)∈Rm×m, andα,β∈R withα<β. Find a subset (?)(Z,∧,α,β) of SRrn×n(S) such that AZ = Z∧holds for any A∈(?)(Z,∧,α,β) and the remaining eigenvaluesλm 1 ,...,λn of A are located in the interval [α,β], Moreover, for a given B∈Rn×n, the second problem is to find AB∈(?)(Z,∧,α,β) such that where ||.|| is the Frobenius norm. Using the properties of symmetric reflexive matrices, the two problems are essentially decomposed into the same kind of subproblems for two real symmetric matrices with smaller dimensions, and then the expressions of the general solution for the two problems are derived.     

MATRIX EQUATION AXB = E WITH PX = sXP CONSTRAINT

The matrix equation AXB = E with the constraint PX=sXP is considered,where P is a given Hermitian matrix satisfying p~2=I and s=±1.By an eigenvalue decomposition of P,the constrained problem can be equivalently transformed to a well-known unconstrained problem of matrix equation whose coefficient matrices contain the corresponding eigenvector, and hence the constrained problem can be solved in terms of the eigenvectors of P.A simple and eigenvector-free formula of the general solutions to the constrained problem by generalized inverses of the coefficient matrices A and B is presented.Moreover,a similar problem of the matrix equation with generalized constraint is discussed.     

DIMENSIONS OF THE RING OF INVARIANT OPERATORS ON BOUNDED HOMOGENEOUS DOMAINS

Let \[{\cal D}\] be the bounded homogeneous domain, \[G({\cal D})\]be the group of the auto- morphism of \[{\cal D}\]. A differential operator T of (k,l) type is called invariant, if and only if it is commutative with the actions of the \[G({\cal D})\] . The ring of the (k,l) type invariant differential operators is denoted by \[{I_{k,l}}({\cal D})\]. This paper gives a formula for caculating the dimension of \[{I_{k,l}}({\cal D})\]. Obviously, these dimensions are the invarians of \[{\cal D}\] in analytical equivalence, By means 〇f the results in the famous work of A,, Selberg⁴, and applying the theory of group representations, we have proved the following Theorem. \[\dim {I_{k,l}}({\cal D})/\sum\limits_{({k^'},{l^'}) < (k,l)} {{I_{{k^'},{l^'}}}({\cal D})} = \int_K^{} {\cal X} (k,0,...,0)(A)\overline {{\cal X}(k,0,...,0)(A)} \dot A\]K where K is the group formed by the linear parts of the isotropy of \[G({\cal D})\] at \[0 \in {\cal D}\] and \[{{\cal X}(k,0,...,0)(A)}\] is the character of the irreducible representation of the unitary group U(n) with Young index (k, 0, ???, 0). Using this formula, we caculate the dimensions for some concrete cases, including those with the classical symmetric domain, and with a Siegel domain that is not symmetric.     

矩阵方程的最小二乘{P,Q,k+1}-自反解（英文）

Let P∈C^m×m and Q∈C^n×n be Hermitian and {k+1}-potent matrices,i.e.,P^k+1=P=P^*,Q^k+1=Q=Q^*,where(·)^* stands for the conjugate transpose of a matrix.A matrix X∈C^m×n is called {P,Q,k+1}-reflexive(anti-reflexive) if PXQ=X(PXQ=-X).In this paper,the least squares solution of the matrix equation AXB=C subject to {P,Q,k+1}-reflexive and anti-reflexive constraints are studied by converting into two simpler cases:k=1 and k...     

Gaussian fluctuations of eigenvalues in log-gas ensemble: Bulk case I

We study the central limit theorem of the k-th eigenvalue of a random matrix in the log-gas ensemble with an external potential V = q2mx2 m. More precisely, let Pn(d H) = Cne-nTrV(H)dH be the distribution of n × n Hermitian random matrices, ρV(x)dx the equilibrium measure, where Cnis a normalization constant, V(x) = q2mx2m with q2m=Γ(m)Γ(12)/Γ(2m+1/2), and m ≥ 1. Let x1 ≤···≤ xnbe the eigenvalues of H. Let k := k(n) be such that k(n)/n∈ [a, 1- a] for n large enough, where a ∈(0,12).Define G(s) :=∫s-1ρV(x)dx,- 1 ≤ s ≤ 1,and set t := G-1(k/n). We prove that, as n →∞,xk- t log n1/2 2π21/2nρV(t)→ N(0, 1)in distribution. Multi-dimensional central limit theorem is also proved. Our results can be viewed as natural extensions of the bulk central limit theorems for GUE ensemble established by J. Gustavsson in 2005.     

THE SPHERICAL FUNCTIONS AND THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM ON SU(2,2)/S(U(2)×U(2))

Let G = SU(2,2), K = S(U(2)×U(2)), and for l∈Z, let {τl}l∈z be a onedimensional K-type and let El be the line bundle over G/K associated to τl. It is shown that the τl-spherical function on G is given by the hypergeometric functions of several variables. By applying this result, a central limit theorem for the space G/K is obtained.     

A Modified Version of ABS Algorithms

Solving Ax=b where A=(a_1,…,a_m)~T∈R~m,n,x∈R~n,b∈R~m,by the ABS al-gorithm,we have the gelleral solution for the first i equations being of the form x=x-i 1 H_i 1~Tq,q∈R~n.Construct Z_i 1 such that Rang(Z_i 1)=Rang(H_i 1~T)=Null(A_i)and Z_i 1 is of full rank in column.Thus,x=x_(i 1) Z_i 1,q∈R~n-i.The modifiedalgorithms are based upon the idea that Z_i 1 is of full rank at each step.     

On inclusion of permutation modules

Let H1,H2 be subgroups of a finite group G. Assume that G=∪i=1mH2yiH1=∪j=1nH1gjH1 and that y1=1,g1=1.Let Di be the set consisting of right cosets of H2 contained in H2yiH1 and let dj(j=1, . . . ,n) be the set consisting of right cosets contained in H1gjH1.We define the n×m matrix Mz(z=1, . . . ,m) whose columns and rows are indexed by Di and dj respectively and the (dk,Dl) entry is |Dzgk∩Dl|. Let M=(M1, . . . ,Mm). Assume that 1H1G and 1H2G are semisimple permutation modules of a finite group G. In this paper, by using the matrix M , we give some sufficient and necessary conditions such that 1H1G is isomorphic to a submodule of 1H2G.As an application, we prove Foulkes' conjecture in special cases.     

An approximate expression related with RSA fixed points

Let T=T(n,e,a)be the number of fixed points of RSA(n,e)that are co-prime with n=pq,and A,B be sets of prime numbers in (1,x)and(1,y) respectively.An estimation on the mean-value M(A,B,e,a)=1/(#A)(#B)∑p∈A,q∈B,(p.q)=1 logT(pq,e,a)is given.     

Maximal Dimension of Invariant Subspaces to Systems of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

In this paper,the dimension of invariant subspaces admitted by nonlinear systems is estimated under certain conditions.It is shown that if the two-component nonlinear vector differential operator F=(F 1,F 2) with orders {k 1,k 2 } (k 1 ≥ k 2) preserves the invariant subspace W 1 n 1 × W 2 n 2 (n 1 ≥ n 2),then n 1 n 2 ≤ k 2,n 1 ≤ 2(k 1 + k 2) + 1,where W q n q is the space generated by solutions of a linear ordinary differential equation of order n q (q=1,2).Several examples including the (1+1)-dimensional diffusion system and Ito 's type,Drinfel'd-Sokolov-Wilson's type and Whitham-Broer-Kaup's type equations are presented to illustrate the result.Furthermore,the estimate of dimension for m-component nonlinear systems is also given.     

对称正交对称矩阵反问题的最小二乘解

Let P ∈ Rn×n be a symmetric orthogonal matrix. A∈Rn×n is called a symmetric orthogonal symmetric matrix if AT = A and (PA) T = PA. The set of all n × n symmetric orthogonal symmetric matrices is denoted by SRnxnp. This paper discusses the following problems: Problem I. Given X,B∈ Rn×m, find A ∈SRn×np such that||AX - B|| = min Problem II. Given A∈ Rn×n, find A∈SL such thatwhere ||·|| is the Frobenius norm, and SL is the solution set of Problem I.The general form of SL is given. The solvability conditions for the inverseproblem AX = B in SRn×nP are obtained. The expression of the solution toProblem II is presented.     

A note on Sobolev orthogonality for Laguerre matrix polynomials

Let {Ln(A,λ)(x)}n≥0 be the sequence of monic Laguerre matrix polynomials defined on [0, ∞) by Ln(A,λ)(x)=n!/(-λ)n∑nk=0(-λ)κ/k!(n-1)! (A I)n[(A I)k]-1 xk,where A ∈ Cr×r. It is known that {Ln(A,λ)(x)}n≥0 is orthogonal with respect to a matrix moment functional when A satisfies the spectral condition that Re(z) ＞ - 1 for every z ∈σ(A).In this note we show that forA such that σ(A) does not contain negative integers, the Laguerre matrix polynomials Ln(A,λ) (x) are orthogonal with respect to a non-diagonal SobolevLaguerre matrix moment functional, which extends two cases: the above matrix case and the known scalar case.