一个关于Cantor展式中收缩靶问题的注记[英文]

给定一个正整数序列Q={q_k}_k≥1,其中q_k≥2.任意的x∈[0,1]对应唯一的Q-Cantor展式.令T_Q~n(x)=q_1···q_nx-「q_1···q_nx」.对于任意的正函数φ:N→(0,1)和序列y={y_n}≥1?[0,1],本文考虑集合E_y(φ):={x∈[0,1]:|T_Q~n(x)-y_n|φ(n)i.o.n}的大小,指出了集合E_y(φ)的Lebesgue测度和Hausdorff测度结果只依赖特定级数的敛散性,与y={y_n}_(n≥1)无关.     

FREDHOLM OPERATORS ON THE SPACE OF BOUNDED SEQUENCES

Necessary and sufficient conditions are studied that a bounded operator T_x =(x_1~*x, x_2~*x,···) on the space ?_∞, where x_n~*∈ ?_∞~*, is lower or upper semi-Fredholm; in particular, topological properties of the set {x_1~*, x_2~*,···} are investigated. Various estimates of the defect d(T) = codim R(T), where R(T) is the range of T, are given. The case of x_n~*= d_nx_(tn)~*,where dn ∈ R and x_(tn)~*≥ 0 are extreme points of the unit ball B_?_∞~*, that is, t_n ∈βN, is considered. In terms of the sequence {t_n}, the conditions of the closedness of the range R(T)are given and the value d(T) is calculated. For example, the condition {n:0 |d_n| δ} = Φ for some δ is sufficient and if for large n points tn are isolated elements of the sequence {t_n},then it is also necessary for the closedness of R(T)(t_(n0) is isolated if there is a neighborhood U of t_(n0) satisfying t_n ■ U for all n ≠ n0). If {n:|d_n| δ} =Φ, then d(T) is equal to the defect δ{_tn} of {t_n}. It is shown that if d(T) = ∞ and R(T) is closed, then there exists a sequence {A_n} of pairwise disjoint subsets of N satisfying χ_(A_n)■R(T).     

有限个严格压缩映像隐迭代格式的逼近

假设E为一致凸的Banach空间,对偶空间E*有Kadec-Klee性质,K为E的非空闭凸子集{Ti:i=1,2,…,N}:K→K为Browder-Petryshyn意义下的严格伪压缩映像且F=∩Ni=1F(Ti)≠0.{αn}n∞=1满足0相似文献   

我为高考设计题目

题83已知数列{an}为等差数列,数列{bn}为等比数列.(1)若a1+a2+a3=-12,b1·b2·b3=27,且a1+b1,a2+b2,a3+b3是各项均为正整数的等比数列的前3项,求数列{an},{bn}的通项;     

渐近非扩张非自映射的收敛定理(英文)

设E是实的一致凸Banach空间,K是E的一个非空闭凸集,P是E到K上的非扩张的保核收缩映射.设T1,T2,T3:K→E分别是具有数列{hn},{ln},{kn}[1,∞)的渐近非扩张非自映射,使得sum (hn-1) from n=1 to ∞<∞,sum ((ln-1)) from n=1 to ∞<∞及sum (n=1(kn-1) from n=1 to ∞<∞,且F=F(T1)∩F(T2)∩F(T3)={x∈K:T1x=T2x=T3x}≠Ф.定义迭代序列{xn}:x1∈K,xn+1=P((1-αn)xn+αnT1(PT1)n-1yn),yn=P((1-βn)xn+βnT2(PT2)n-1zn),zn=P((1-γn)xn+γnT3(PT3)n-1xn),其中{αn},{βn},{γn}[ε,1-ε],ε是大于零的实数.(i)如果T1,T2,T3中有一个是全连续的或者半紧的,则{xn}强收敛于某一点q∈F;(ii)如果E具有Frechet可微范数或者满足Opial’s条件或者E的对偶空间E~*具有Kadec-Klee性质,则{xn}弱收敛于某一点q∈F.     

有限个非扩张非自映像隐迭代格式的逼近

假设E为一致凸Banach空间,K为E的非空闭凸子集且为E的非扩张收缩,P为非扩张收缩映像.{Ti:i=1,2,…,N}:K→E为非扩张映像且F(T)=∩ from i=1 to N F(Ti)≠■.定义{xn}如下:x0∈K,xn=P(αnxn-1+(1-αn)TnP[βnxn-1+(1-βn)Tnxn]),n≥1,这里{αn},{βn}为[δ,1-δ]中的实序列,其中δ∈(0,1).若{Ti:i=1,2,…,N}满足条件(B),则{xn}强收敛于x*∈F(T).     

双圆盘加权Hardy空间上$T_{z_1^{k_1}z_2^{k_2}+\bar{z}_1^{l_1}\bar{z}_2^{l_2}}$的约化子空间

本文中, 我们主要刻画了Toeplitz算子$T=M_{z^k}+M^*_{z^l}$的约化子空间, 其中 $k_i, l_i$ ($i=1,2$) 均是正整数, $k=(k_1,k_2), l=(l_1,l_2)$ 且 $k\neq l$, $M_{z^k}$, $M_{z^l}$ 是双圆盘加权Hardy空间$\mathcal{H}_\omega^2(\mathbb{D}^2)$上的乘法算子. 对权系数 $\omega$ 适当限制, 我们证明了由 $z^m$ 生成的 $T$ 的约化子空间均是极小的. 特别地, Bergman 空间和加权 Dirichlet 空间 $\mathcal{D}_\delta(\mathbb{D}^2)(\delta>0)$ 均是满足该限制条件的加权Hardy空间. 作为应用, 我们刻画了 $\mathcal{D}_\delta(\mathbb{D}^2)(\delta>0)$ 上 Toeplitz 算子 $T_{z^k+\bar{z}^l}$ 的约化子空间, 该结论是对双圆盘Bergman 空间上相关结论的推广.     

有向圈半强积的哈密尔顿圈

设有向图 D_1=(V_1,A_1),D_2=(V_2 A_2).称有向图 D_2:D_2=(V,A) 为 D_1,D_2的半强积,如果 V=V_1×V_2,A={((u_1,v_1),(u_2,v_2))|u_1=u_2且(v_1,v_2)∈A_2或者(u_1,u_2)∈A_1且(v_1,v_2)∈A_2}.     

RAMSEY NUMBER OF HYPERGRAPH PATHS

Let H =(V, E) be a k-uniform hypergraph. For 1 ≤ s ≤ k-1, an s-path P~(k,s)_n of length n in H is a sequence of distinct vertices v_1, v_2, ···, v_(s+n(k-s)) such that {v_(1+i(k-s)), ···, v_(s+(i+1)(k-s))} is an edge of H for each 0 ≤ i ≤ n-1.In this paper, we prove that R(P~(3 s,s)_n, P~(3 s,s)_3) =(2 n + 1)s + 1 for n ≥ 3.     

THE COMPLEX FORM AND SOME BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS OF SECOND ORDER

The present paper is concerned with the nonlinear elliptic system of second order. Firstly, we shall establish a complex form of the system. Secondly .we shall consider the solvability of some boundary value problems for tbe complex equation of second order. let (1) \[{\Phi _j}(x,y,U,V,{U_x},{U_y},...,{U_{xx}},{U_{yy}},{V_{xx}},{V_{xy}},{V_{yy}}) = 0,j = 1,2\] be the I. G. Petrowkii’s nonlinear elliptic system of second Qrder in the botinded domain G, where \[{\Phi _j}(x,y,{z_1},...,{z_{12}})(j = 1,2)\]) are continuous real functions of the variables \[x,y[(x,y) \in G],{z_1},...,{z_{12}} \in R\], (the real axis), and contiriupusly differentiable for \[{z_1},...,{z_{12}} \in R\]. The solutions \[[U(x,y),V(x,y)]\], F(a?, y)] of the system are understood in the generalized sense. THEOBEM I. i) If the I. G. Petrovskii;s nonlinear system of equations (1) satisfies the M. I. visik-D. Xiagi’s uniformly elliptic condition for any solutions U(x,y),V(x,y) of (1) in G, then it can be written as the following complex equation? (2)\[{W_{z\overline z }} = F(z,W,{W_z},\overline {{W_z}} ,{W_{zz}},{\overline W _{zz}})\] where W=U+iV, z=x+iy, \[{W_z} = \frac{1}{2}[{W_x} - i{W_y}],...,\], ii) If the I. G. Petrovskii's nonlinear elliptic system (1) satisfies the condition that there exist two positive constants \[\delta \] and K, such that (3) \[|{\Phi _{j{U_{xx}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{U_{xy}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{U_{yy}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{V_{xx}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{V_{xy}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{V_{yy}}}}| \leqslant K,j = 1,2\] \[|det(A)| \geqslant \delta > 0\], in G, then by a suitable linear trans-formation of the variables (x,y)into variables \[(\xi ,\eta )\], system (1) can be written as the following coinplex equation ⑷ \[{W_{\xi \xi }} = F(\xi ,W,{W_\xi },{\overline W _\xi },{W_{\xi \xi }},{\overline W _{\xi \xi }}),\varsigma = \xi + i\eta \] In the following section, we discuss the complex equation (2) of the following form: ,We^B(z9 Wee)x .\[(5)\left\{ \begin{gathered} {W_{zz}} = F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},{W_{zz}},{\overline W _{zz}}) \hfill \ F = {Q_1}{W_{zz}} + {Q_2}\overline {{W_{\overline z \overline z }}} + {Q_4}{W_{zz}} + {A_1}{W_z} + {A_2}{\overline W _{\overline z }} \hfill \ + {A_3}\overline {{W_z}} + {A_4}{W_{\bar z}} + {A_5}W + {A_6}\bar W + {A_7}, \hfill \ {Q_j} = {Q_j}(z,W,{W_{\bar z}},{\overline W _{\bar z}},{W_{zz}},{\overline W _{zz}}),j = 1,...,4 \hfill \ {A_j} = {A_j}(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z}),j = 1,...,7 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.\] 1) \[{Q_j}(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},U,V),j = 1,...,4.{A_j} = (z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z}),j = 1,...,7\] are measurable functions of z for any continuously differentiable functions W(z) and measurable functions U(z), V(z) in G, Furthermore they satisfy (6)\[{\left\| {{A_j}} \right\|_{{L_p}(\overline {G)} }} \leqslant {K_0},j = 1,2,{\left\| {{A_j}} \right\|_{{L_p}(\overline {G)} }} \leqslant {K_1},j = 3,...,7\] where\[{K_0},{K_1}( \leqslant {K_0}),p( > 2)\] are constants: 2) Qj, Aj are continuous for \[W,{W_z},{\overline W _z} \in E\](the whole plane) and the continuity is uniform with respect to almost every point \[z \in G\] and \[U,V \in E\] 3) \[F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},U,V)\] satisfies the following Lipschitz's condition, i.e. for almost every point \[z \in G\], and for all \[W,{W_z},{\overline W _z}{U_1},{U_2},{V_1},{V_2} \in E\], the inequality (7)\[\begin{gathered} |F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},{U_1},{V_1}) - F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},{U_2},{V_2})| \hfill \ \leqslant {q_0}|{U_1} - {U_2}| + q_0^'|{V_1} - {V_2}|,{q_0} + q_0^' < 1 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] holds where \[{q_0},q_0^'\] are two nonnegative constants. In this paper, let G be a simply connected domain with boundary \[\Gamma \in C_\mu ^2(0 < \mu < 1)\]； without loss of geaerality, we may assume that G is the unit disk |z|<1. Now we, describe the results of the solvability of Riemann-Hilbert botindary value problem (Problem R-H) and the oblique derivative problem (Problem P) for Eq. (5) in the unit disk G: |z| <1. Problem R-H. We try to find a solution W（z）of Eq. (5) which is continuonsly differentiable on \[G\], and satisfies the boundary conditions: (8) \[\operatorname{Re} [{{\bar z}^{{\chi _1}}},{W_z}] = {r_1}(z),Re[{{\bar z}^{{\chi _2}}}\overline {W(z)} ] = {r_2}(z),z \in \Gamma \]? where \[{\chi _1},{\chi _2}\] are two integers, and \[{r_j} \in C_v^{j - 1}(\Gamma ),j = 1,2,\frac{1}{2} < v < 1\] Problem P. we try to find a solution W（z) of Eq. (5) which is continuously diffierentiabfe on \[\overline G \] and satisfies the boundaory conditions： (9) \[\operatorname{Re} [{{\bar z}^{{\chi _1}}}{W_z}] = {r_1}(z),Re[{{\bar z}^{{\chi _2}}}\overline {W(z)} ] = {r_2}(z),z \in \Gamma \], Where \[{\chi _1},{\chi _2},{r_1}(z),{r_2}(z)\] are the same as in (8), but \[{r_2}(z) \in {C_v}(\Gamma )\]. Theorem II. Suppose that Eq. (5) satisfies the condition C and the constants \[q_0^'\] and K1 are adequately small; then the solvability of Problem R-H is as follows： 1) When \[{\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0\] Problem R-H is solvable; 2) When \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0(or{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} < 0){\kern 1pt} \] there are \[2|{\chi _1}| - 1(or2|{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem R-H; 3) WHen \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} < 0\], there are \[2(|{\chi _1}| + |{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem R-H. Theorem III Let Eq (5) satisf the condition C and the constants \[q_0^'\] and \[{K_1}\] are adequately small, then tbe solvability of Problem P is as follows： 1) When \[{\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0\] Problem P is solvable; 2) When \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0(or{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} < 0){\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \], there are \[2|{\chi _1}| - 1(or2|{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem P; 3) When \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} < 0\]; there are \[2|{\chi _1}|{\text{ + }}|{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem P. Furthermore, the solution W(z) of Problem P for Eq. (5) may be expressed as \[{g_j}(\xi ,z) = \left\{ \begin{gathered} \int_0^z {\frac{{{z^{2{\chi _j} + 1}}}}{{1 - \bar \xi z}}dz,{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} for{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _j} \geqslant 0} \hfill \ \int_0^z {\frac{{{\xi ^{ - 2{\chi _j} - 1}}}}{{1 - \bar \xi z}}dz,{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} for{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _j} < 0} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.j = 1,2\] where \[{\Phi _0}(z) = a + ib\] is a complex constant,and \[{\Phi _1}(z),{\Phi _2}(z)\] are two analytic functions. The proofs of the above stated theorems are based on a prior estimates for the bounded solutes of these boundary value problems and Leray-Schander theorem. Besides, we have considered also the solvability of Problem R-H and Problem P for Eq. (6) in the multiply connected domain.     

关于图值随机元序列的若干强极限定理

设{ξ_i}_(i=1)~∞是一列独立同分布在图Γ=(V(Γ),E(Γ))上取值的随机元,{a_i}_(i=1)~∞是一列固定的正整数.文章给出图值随机元序列的r-阶权函数、r-阶均值集与r-阶中心序等概念,将随机元序列的Fréchet样本均值的概念推广到更一般的情形,并且讨论了其基本性质,获得了关于图值随机元序列的广义强大数定理.     

在Banach空间中推广的 Roper-Suffridge算子(III)

假定 $X$ 是具有范数$\|\cdot\|$的复 Banach 空间, $n$ 是一个满足 $\dim X\geq n\geq2$的正整数. 本文考虑由下式定义的推广的Roper-Suffridge算子 $\Phi_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2, \ldots , \beta_{n+1}, \gamma_{n+1}}(f)$: \begin{equation} \begin{array}{lll} \Phi _{n, \beta_2, \gamma_2, \ldots, \beta_{n+1},\gamma_{n+1}}(f)(x) &;\hspace{-3mm}=&;\hspace{-3mm}\dl\he{j=1}{n}\bigg(\frac{f(x^*_1(x))}{x^*_1(x)})\bigg)^{\beta_j}(f''(x^*_1(x))^{\gamma_j}x^*_j(x) x_j\\ &;&;+\bigg(\dl\frac{f(x^*_1(x))}{x^*_1(x)}\bigg)^{\beta_{n+1}}(f''(x^*_1(x)))^{\gamma_{n+1}}\bigg(x-\dl\he{j=1}{n}x^*_j(x) x_j\bigg),\nonumber \end{array} \end{equation} 其中 $x\in\Omega_{p_1, p_2, \ldots, p_{n+1}}$, $\beta_1=1, \gamma_1=0$ 和 \begin{equation} \begin{array}{lll} \Omega_{p_1, p_2, \ldots, p_{n+1}}=\bigg\{x\in X: \dl\he{j=1}{n}| x^*_j(x)|^{p_j}+\bigg\|x-\dl\he{j=1}{n}x^*_j(x)x_j\bigg\|^{p_{n+1}}<1\bigg\},\nonumber \end{array} \end{equation} 这里 $p_j>1 \,( j=1, 2,\ldots, n+1$), 线性无关族 $\{x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n \}\subset X $ 与 $\{x^*_1, x^*_2, \ldots, x^*_n \}\subset X^* $ 满足 $x^*_j(x_j)=\|x_j\|=1 (j=1, 2, \ldots, n)$ 和 $x^*_j(x_k)=0 \, (j\neq k)$, 我们选取幂函数的单值分支满足 $(\frac{f(\xi)}{\xi})^{\beta_j}|_{\xi=0}= 1$ 和 $(f''(\xi))^{\gamma_j}|_{\xi=0}=1, \, j=2, \ldots , n+1$. 本文将证明: 对某些合适的常数$\beta_j, \gamma_j$, 算子$\Phi_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2, \ldots, \beta_{n+1}, \gamma_{n+1}}(f)$ 在$\Omega_{p_1, p_2, \ldots , p_{n+1}}$上保持$\alpha$阶的殆$\beta$型螺形映照和 $\alpha$阶的$\beta$型螺形映照.     

关于点集拓扑学中的一个定理

若 A\cup B≠D(c),则存在(c,v_0)∈D(c),使\bar{\lambda}(v_0)a.故存在 n_0,使当 n≥n_0时\bar{\lambda}(v_0)<β_n,\underline{\lambda}(v_0)>α_n。利用常规证法(参见[1]中p.122)可知,必存在R~1×X 中的有界开集 U,满足 E(V_0)\subset U,\partial D=\phi,\bar{U}(α_n_0,β_n_0)×X。由 D 的定义知,存在{n}的子列{n_k}及 Z_n_k∈\mathcal{C}_n_k,使使 Z_n_k→(c,v_0)。不失一般可设诸 Z_n_k 均属于 U。由(2)式及\mathcal{C}_{nk}的连通性,并注意到\bar{U}(α_n_0,β_n_0)×X,可知当 n_k≥n_0时有\mathcal{C}_{nk}\cap \partial U\not=\phi,取 y_n_k∈\mathcal{C}_{nk}\cap \partial U,则{y_n_k|k=1,2,…}是列紧的。故存在{y_n_k}的子列{y~n_k_i}及 y~*∈\partial U,使 y~n_k_i→y~*。显然y~*∈D,故 y~*∈\partial D \cap D,此与\partial U\cap D=\phi矛盾。所以(5)式成立。     

有向跳图的生成欧拉子有向图

一个有向多重图D的跳图$J(D)$是一个顶点集为$D$的弧集,其中$(a,b)$是$J(D)$的一条弧当且仅当存在有向多重图$D$中的顶点$u_1$, $v_1$, $u_2$, $v_2$,使得$a=(u_1,v_1)$, $b=(u_2,v_2)$ 并且$v_1\neq u_2$.本文刻画了有向多重图类$\mathcal{H}_1$和$\mathcal{H}_2$,并证明了一个有向多重图$D$的跳图$J(D)$是强连通的当且仅当$D\not\in \mathcal{H}_1$.特别地, $J(D)$是弱连通的当且仅当$D\not\in \mathcal{H}_2$.进一步, 得到以下结果: (i) 存在有向多重图类$\mathcal{D}$使得有向多重图$D$的强连通跳图$J(D)$是强迹连通的当且仅当$D\not\in\mathcal{D}$. (ii) 每一个有向多重图$D$的强连通跳图$J(D)$是弱迹连通的,因此是超欧拉的. (iii) 每一个有向多重图D的弱连通跳图$J(D)$含有生成迹.     

超越亚纯函数的拟亏值

主要证明了:设f(z)于开平面上超越亚纯,0δ1,且lim—r→∞(logT(r+1/r,f)/logT(r,f))+∞,则存在一列复数a_n(n=1,2,…),使集合{a:△_1)(a,f)δ}含于∩∞j=1∪∞n=j﹛a:|a-an|e-enσ﹜,其中σ=(log2/2-δ)/2([10/δ])0.即{a:△_(1))(a,f)δ为一有穷μ测度集.     

对中学数学中函数值域问题的思考

1　问题的提出我们先从两个例子谈起例 1　求函数ｙ=(2ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ- 1 )的值域解　ｙ =(2ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ - 1 )的反函数是ｙ=(ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ- 2 ) ,反函数的定义域是 {ｘ｜ｘ∈Ｒ ,ｘ≠ 2 } ,所以函数ｙ =(2ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ - 1 )的值域是 {ｙ｜ｙ∈Ｒ ,ｙ≠ 2 } .例 2　求函数ｙ =(2ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ - 1 )的反函数解　由ｙ =(2ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ - 1 )得ｘ=(ｙ 1 ) / (ｙ- 2 ) ,又ｙ =(2ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ - 1 ) =2 3/ (ｘ- 1 )≠ 2 ,原函数的值域是 (-∞ ,2 )∪ (2 , ∞ )即为反函数的定义域 ,所以要求的反函数是 :ｙ=(ｘ 1 ) / (ｘ- 2 ) (ｘ≠ 2 ) .这…     

Banach空间中极大单调算子的一个邻近点算法

设E是Banach空间,T∶E→2E*是极大单调算子,T-10≠ф.令x0∈E,yn=(J λnT)-1xn en,xn 1=J-1(αnJxn (1-αn)Jyn),n0,λn>0,αn∈[0,1],文章研究了{xn}收敛性.     

一类抛物-椭圆耦合方程组混合初边值问题的二阶收敛差分格式(Ⅱ)

2.差分格式的可能性和收敛性我们证明[1]中建立的差分格式(6.1-6.17)是唯一可解且二阶收敛的.记(3.1-3.10)的解为{ψ ,p,q},(4.1-4.13)的解为{ψ,p,q;u_1,u_2,v_1,v_2,w_1,w_2}.假设(3)的系数满足如下条件:当|ε_l|≤ε_0,1≤l≤4时,使得     

Banach空间中渐近非扩张映射的不动点迭代

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