稀疏测点条件下的结构法向速度重建

为了实现稀疏测点条件下结构表面法向速度的准确重建,利用声辐射模态包含结构表面几何形状信息的性质,以声辐射模态作为基函数提出了一种稀疏测点条件下的结构法向振速重建方法。首先对结构表面的声辐射模态进行计算,并建立结构表面法向振动速度与声辐射模态之间的关系;在此基础上,由实际布置情况形成测点位置处的振速与其声辐射模态值的关系,并通过最小二乘法求得展开系数;最后由展开系数重建出结构表面的全部法向振速。利用两端封闭的双层钢质圆柱壳体在消声水池中进行了试验验证,分别开启激振器和转子台进行激励,两个试验的结果均表明,当测点数目较少时,所测的结果不能准确地表示结构的实际振动情况,在波数域内就表现为与振动相关的波数成份的丢失;利用所提出的方法,可以较为准确地重建和恢复结构的表面法向速度及其波数成份,由此验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

板结构的声辐射模态分析及其高分辨率法向振动速度重建

提出了一种基于声辐射模态的速度基向量构建方法,该速度基向量不受网格划分的影响,可用于高分辨率的板结构法向振动速度重建。首先对板表面稀疏网格的声辐射模态进行计算,再以声辐射模态和模态系数构建板法向振动速度分布的基向量,然后由声场测量声压求解基向量系数,最后由该系数和加密网格的速度基向量重建高分辨率的板法向振动速度分布。以简支板声源进行仿真计算,当测量声压信噪比为30 dB时,低频的法向振动速度重建误差最低可达3.7%;以固支板声源在消声室中进行实验验证,131.5 Hz振动频率下的重建误差低于7%。该方法实现了只需要少量声压测量点即可精确重建板声源更高分辨率的法向振动速度分布。     

Direct measurement of fluid velocity gradients at a wall by PIV image processing with stereo reconstruction

Velocity gradient is typically estimated in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) by differentiating a measured velocity field, which amplifies noise in the measured velocities. If gradients near a boundary are sought, such noise is usually greater than in bulk fluid, because of small tracer displacement, uncertainty in the effective positions of velocity vectors, intense deformation of tracer patterns, and laser reflection. We consider here a modified form of the Particle Image Distortion (PID) method todirectly calculate velocity gradients at a fixed wall, and refer it as “PIV/IG” (“Interface Gradiometry”). Results from synthetic 2D PIV images suggest our method achieves higher SNR and accuracy than velocity differentiation. Also, we have developed a procedure to reconstruct three-dimensional velocity gradient at a fixed wall the two non-zero components from PIV/IG data obtained in stereo views; these equations simplify considerably thanks to the no-slip condition. Experimental data from the bottom wall of turbulent open channel flow appear to suffer from a form of pixel locking. As with standard PIV, this underlines the importance of adequate tracer diameter in the images, sufficient seeding density, and of dynamic range of the camera sensor.     

利用高精度时间间隔测量技术实现光速测定方法的研究

为了实现实验室环境下测定光速，采用已知长度及折射率的单模零色散光纤作为传输介质，利用高精度时间间隔测量技术测量了光在该光纤中的传输延时。经过理论推导，求出光速c与作为传输介质的光纤长度L、折射率n及光纤延时τ之间的关系式，从而通过测量得到L，n及τ的值即可计算得到真空中的光速值。与传统的利用天文法及精密仪器测量光速的方法相比，采用比较先进的高精度时间间隔测量技术可使时间分辨率达到125ps，从而在实验室环境下，利用简单仪器得到了高精度的测量结果。最终测量所得光速为299928077m/s，误差为30860m/s。     

多普勒效应测速实验——介绍我校一个选做物理实验

主要介绍利用多普勒效应进行物体运动速度测量的实验,学生通过实验对多普勒效应和拍频的应用有一个定量认识.     

The velocity measurement of phase objects

Conventional laser velocimeters rely upon small contaminant dust particles to scatter the laser light. A technique is described which requires no contaminant particles but relies upon minute refractive index variations in the fluid. By placing the detector far from the measuring region a set of shadow bands is produced which is convected with the fluid. The velocity is measured by either correlating the light transmitted by two slits or by measuring the frequency of the light transmitted by a grating.     

声速测量实验装置扩展应用

通过对声速测量装置进行适当的改进,使其既能测量空气中的声速,也能测量水、甘油等液体中的声速,减少重复购置仪器的投资,提高了仪器的利用率.     

基于多对流速度的波前重构算法研究

在气动光学研究中,Ronald J. Hugo 和Eric J. Jumper的小孔径光束技术(SABT)波前重构算法在理论推导中忽略了与涡结构尺度相关的对流速度的差异,因此必然会给波前重构带来误差。用小波分析提取了上、下游探测光束输出的不同尺度的光程信号,通过计算两个探测光束输出的同一尺度信号的互相关系数,并利用互相关系数达到最大值对应的延迟时间研究了尺度相关的对流速度,然后再进行尺度相关的小孔径光束波前重构。结果表明：相对于单一对流速度的小孔径光束波前重构算法,该尺度相关的波前重构算法能有效地提高波前重构的精度。     

基于多对流速度的波前重构算法研究

 在气动光学研究中,Ronald J. Hugo 和Eric J. Jumper的小孔径光束技术(SABT)波前重构算法在理论推导中忽略了与涡结构尺度相关的对流速度的差异,因此必然会给波前重构带来误差。用小波分析提取了上、下游探测光束输出的不同尺度的光程信号,通过计算两个探测光束输出的同一尺度信号的互相关系数,并利用互相关系数达到最大值对应的延迟时间研究了尺度相关的对流速度,然后再进行尺度相关的小孔径光束波前重构。结果表明：相对于单一对流速度的小孔径光束波前重构算法,该尺度相关的波前重构算法能有效地提高波前重构的精度。     

Wavelet frame based surface reconstruction from unorganized points

Applications of wavelet frames to image restoration problems (e.g. image deblurring and inpainting) have been successful due to their redundancy and capability of sparsely approximating piecewise smooth functions like images (see e.g. ,  and ). However, wavelet frames have not yet been used for surface reconstruction problems. Recently in [6], connections between one of the wavelet frame based image restoration model ,  and  and variational models (e.g. the ROF model [45]) were rigorously established. Such connections not only grant new insights to wavelet frame based image restorations, it also case a geometric explanation to wavelet frame based approaches. This leads us to a wavelet frame based model, as well as a fast algorithm, to reconstruct implicit surfaces from unorganized point sets in R³${\mathbb{R}}^3$. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model using several commonly used examples.     

辐射驱动冲击波速度被动式测量

在神光Ⅱ和神光Ⅲ原型装置上采用了辐射驱动冲击波速度被动式测量技术,对冲击波发光图像信噪比进行了理论分析和实验研究,结果表明：靶室内杂散光比冲击波信号至少强4个量级以上,是影响信噪比的关键因素。据此提出了信噪比控制技术,通过电磁屏蔽优化,采用了基于光触发的快时间分辨测量技术,提高了冲击波速度测量精度。基于冲击波测量辐射温度,对辐射驱动冲击波速度被动式测量技术进行了考核。实验测量的冲击波发光图像清晰,数据信噪比及冲击波速度和物理预期一致,验证了技术的可靠性。     

声速测量实验仪的改进

针对原有声速测量仪中存在的不足,利用单片机、步进电机等器件构建控制电路,通过识别信号强度强弱变化来代替原有实验仪中手动操作,提高了实验精度.     

Signal-recycled weak measurement for ultrasensitive velocity estimation

Weak value amplification has shown its superiority in measurement of small physical effects. Here we introduce a signal-recycled weak-value-based velocity measurement strategy to decrease the attenuation of detected photons during the post-selection. Like the power-recycled scheme, we can improve the number of detected photons and signal-to-noise ratio of velocity by forming a cavity. However, optimal improvements of number of detected photons and signal-to-noise ratio cannot be obtained simultaneously in our signal-recycled scheme owing to the walk-off effect. Furthermore, we find that the reflected light is relatively strong compared with the power-recycled scheme, which may increase the collection-detection efficiency in prospective relevant experiment.     

辐射驱动冲击波速度被动式测量

在神光Ⅱ和神光Ⅲ原型装置上采用了辐射驱动冲击波速度被动式测量技术,对冲击波发光图像信噪比进行了理论分析和实验研究,结果表明:靶室内杂散光比冲击波信号至少强4个量级以上,是影响信噪比的关键因素。据此提出了信噪比控制技术,通过电磁屏蔽优化,采用了基于光触发的快时间分辨测量技术,提高了冲击波速度测量精度。基于冲击波测量辐射温度,对辐射驱动冲击波速度被动式测量技术进行了考核。实验测量的冲击波发光图像清晰,数据信噪比及冲击波速度和物理预期一致,验证了技术的可靠性。     

Full-field laser metrology for fluid velocity measurement

This paper reviews the development of full-field laser metrology from its inception as a dynamic extension of scattered light speckle photography, a voherent optical technique originally developed to make full-field measurements of quasi-static displacements in transparent solids, to its present applications in fluid dynamic studies. The full-field laser velocimetry technique, including both double exposure and multiple exposure recording methods, is discussed in detail, and comparison is made of their advantages and disadvantages in applications to steady and unsteady flows. Both the coherent light speckle and the particle image modes of operation are defined and evaluated. Computer aided ‘point-wise’ (Young's fringe) and ‘global’ (Fourier filtering) methods of optically analyzing the specklegrams are also discussed. Finally, experiments in which full-field laser velocimetry has been applied to a study of convective flow in a liquid are described, thus illustrating the potential of this new, non-onvasive optical technique.     

Crack velocity measurement by induced electromagnetic radiation

Our model of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emanated from fracture implies that EMR amplitude is proportional to crack velocity. Soda lime glass samples were tested under uniaxial tension. Comparison of crack velocity observed by Wallner line analysis and the peak amplitude of EMR signals registered during the test, showed very good correlation, validating this proportionality.     

Automated measurement of ultrasound velocity and attenuation

A fully-automated system has been developed to measure changes in ultrasonic velocity and the attenuation coefficient resulting from changes in temperature and magnetic field. Accuracy and sensitivity comparable to the pulse-echo overlap technique have been achieved together with an increase in temperature resolution and sample throughput as a result of the automation. All components of the instrumentation are commercially available.     

Radial velocity profile reconstruction by Doppler spectroscopy measurements

An inversion method for plasma velocity determination was developed under the assumption of axial symmetry of plasmas. The specific right-hand side of equation (9) allows one to use experimental data without the need of differentiation which causes substantial reconstruction errors. The problem was formulated in the vorticity approach, and then Helmholtzs decomposition theorem for vector fields was used. Numerical simulation results for the algorithm verification, and real experimental data were applied for determination of radial velocity distribution.Received: 16 October 2002, Published online: 29 July 2003PACS: 07.05.Tp Computer modeling and simulation - 02.60.Cb Numerical simulation; solution of equations - 02.30.Zz Inverse Problems - 52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurementsA.L. Balandin: On leave from the Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory, Irkutsk.     

Sound velocity dispersion in a solution with two critical points

The dispersion of the sound velocity in a solution with a region of stratification has been investigated experimentally in the frequency range from 2.6 MHz to 12 GHz. It is found that the dispersion of the sound velocity below the lower critical temperature of stratification reaches 22% and depends linearly to the temperature above the upper critical temperature of separation, the dispersion of the sound velocity is much smaller and has a different linear dependence on the temperature. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 64, No. 3, 166–168 (10 August 1996)