压强对苯分子费米共振的影响

测量了在0—13GPa压强下苯分子的拉曼光谱,结果表明:所有拉曼谱带随压强的增加发生蓝移,并伴随某些谱带的劈裂和相对强度的变化;而对于苯分子的ν1+ν6—ν8两费米共振谱带,根据Betran理论,计算出它们的频率间隔Δ0随压强的增加而增大,这是由于合频ν1+ν6频移随压强增加速度大于相应于基频ν8速度的结果,进而导致了费米共振耦合系数ω和强度比Rf/a减小.当压强增加至11GPa时,费米共振现象消失,该现象用高压下相变给予解释.本结果丰富了环境变化对分子费米共振影响的研究内容,对谱线认证、归属有参考价值.     

压强对冰Ⅶ相结构影响的拉曼光谱研究

测量了室温下2.5～23GPa压强下冰Ⅶ相的拉曼光谱。测量结果表明:随压强增加,冰的氧原子间距离dO—O减小,使氢键长度变短,导致O—H化学键键长增加,力常数减小,拉曼光谱发生红移。质子(氢核)取向有序性随压强先增加而后减小致使拉曼光谱强度先增加而后减小;拉曼光谱线宽先减小而后增加,当压强约为13GPa时呈现最小值。     

变换溶液浓度方法研究费米共振

一些分子的拉曼散射系数随其在溶液中的浓度而变化.通过改变样品的浓度测量了CCl4,CS2和C6H6等几种溶剂的拉曼光谱并获得了费米共振的普遍规律,发现了两费米峰不对称移动、倍频峰的基频被费米共振调制并向同方向移动等弱费米共振的一些规律.这与Bier利用高压方法获得的结果相同.文章还验证了以下结论:参与费米共振的和频中的...     

溶液中β胡萝卜素的共振拉曼光谱性质的研究

β胡萝卜素是一种重要的共轭多烯生物分子, 其在光电器件与功能材料等研制方面有重要应用。本文利用金刚石对顶砧技术, 在0～0.60 GPa的压强范围下, 分别对β胡萝卜素溶于水和二硫化碳溶液进行了原位拉曼光谱测量, 比较了二者的拉曼频移和半高宽等光谱特性。实验结果表明, 两种样品的拉曼频移均随着压强的增加而向高波数方向移动, 半高宽也随之增加。引用线性链状多烯分子的两种理论模型, 即 “相干弱阻尼电子-晶格振动模型”和 “有效共轭长度模型”等理论给予了解释。其机理是由于压力的增加, β胡萝卜素分子被压缩, 结构有序性下降, 有效共轭长度减小, 拉曼活性降低, 碳碳键的相干弱阻尼电子-晶格振动减弱。CC键的键长变短, 因此拉曼蓝移; CC键的键长差增加, 从而使半高宽增加。此外, 由于β胡萝卜素溶于非极性溶剂CS₂溶液中, 受到周围溶剂分子的作用, 使溶质与溶剂之间的色散力作用对压力更敏感一些, 从而使得其拉曼频移和半高宽随压强变化的斜率要比溶于水中的大。为研究共轭多烯分子在外场下的分子结构变化以及溶剂中分子的存在形式等具有一定的应用价值。     

压强对β胡萝卜素分子的电子-声子耦合常数的影响

电子-声子耦合常数不仅可以反映出分子中π电子离域程度的强弱, 有效共轭长度的大小, 同时也可以表征分子中的原子和电子在外界环境作用下的相互振动耦合程度的强弱。在一些研究中电子-声子耦合常数被定义为无量纲的系数。应用R.Tubino等引用的一种有量纲的电子-声子耦合常数, 建立其与黄昆因子的关系式, 进而可以计算出共轭键中单个振动模的数值。压强对多烯分子吸收光谱、拉曼光谱频移影响的研究已有报道, 但对拉曼散射截面、黄昆因子、电子-声子耦合常数的研究还没有报道。测量了β胡萝卜素分子在二硫化碳溶液中0.04～0.60 GPa的压强范围内的紫外-可见吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱。实验结果表明, 随着压强的增加, CS₂溶液中的β胡萝卜素分子的紫外-可见吸收光谱的吸收带发生明显的红移现象, 而拉曼光谱的特征谱线却发生蓝移的现象, 拉曼散射截面减小, 电子-声子耦合常数增加。其机理是随着压强的增加, β胡萝卜素分子被压缩又结构有序性下降, 导致电子能隙变窄, 有效共轭长度变短, π电子离域范围减小, 拉曼散射截面减小, 黄昆因子、电子-声子耦合常数增加。     

液芯光纤方法研究溶剂对分子拉曼光谱强度的影响

液芯光纤可以大幅度提高拉曼光谱强度. 本文用液芯光纤方法测量了CCl4 在CS2 和C6H5Br中不同浓度下459 cm-1,314 cm-1和218 cm-1的拉曼光谱强度,验证了一些溶剂使某些分子拉曼光谱增强的溶剂效应.     

几种外场对费米共振的影响:费米共振的拉曼光谱研究

费米共振是分子内和分子间发生的基团间的振动耦合和能量转移现象。有关外场中费米共振的认识、拉曼光谱的研究方法及应用均待开发和推广。本文系统阐述了利用高压DAC技术、变温技术特别是课题组独创的变换溶剂浓度、LCOF等方法获得的有关费米共振的研究成果,即分子场、压力场、温度场等外场对分子内和分子间费米共振的影响:(1)分子场中a.由C_5H_5N在CH_3OH和H_2O中拉曼光谱变化研究表明溶剂效应对费米共振有明显影响;b.通过改变溶液浓度发现了其他方法未能发现的费米共振双线对非对称移动及双线对中倍频的基频亦受费米共振调谐的现象;c.溶液中的氢键、反氢键使分子基团重组而对费米共振产生显著影响;d.C_7H_8和m-C_8H_(105分子间发生会费米共振,且费米共振特性随溶液浓度明显改变;(2)压力场中a.随压强增加谱线蓝移,且频差△随压强改变而引起W改变;b.随压强增加CCl_4在C_6H_6中的v_1+v_4~v_3的W减小速度比纯液体中快,费米共振消失提前。这表明,压强引起的费米共振现象可揭示溶剂效应机理;(3)温度场中温度会影响分子费米共振特性,且对不同分子影响亦不同,温度对CO_2的费米共振影响较大,而对CS_2几乎无影响。本文对分子谱线的认证与归属、分子构象的确定及异构体的鉴别、氢键对分子结构与性质的影响等方面的研究提供了系统的理论与实验依据。     

硝酸溶液的超声研究

用自动化脉冲回波声速测量仪测量了重量百分比浓度范围为20%~99%的硝酸在不同温度时的超声波速度。计算得诸如摩尔声速、声阻抗、绝热压缩系数、分子间自由程以及纯HNO₃液体的声速等参数,另外还推算出超额声速、超额摩尔体积、超额绝热系数、超额分子间自由程等参数。结果显示,随着硝酸浓度的增加,溶液中的离子间相互作用可能存在着先增加尔后又减小的现象。     

用液芯光纤研究stokes/anti-stokes拉曼强度比测温

液芯光纤可以使拉曼光谱强度提高103倍。研究了在stokes/anti stokes拉曼光谱强度比测温中如何获得理想测温结果的方法。用长为5.20m、内径为50μm的含C6H6和CCl4混合液体的液芯光纤,获得了高强度CCl4的±218cm-1,±314cm-1和±459cm-1的拉曼光谱。利用各光谱带的stokes与anti stokes的强度比(Is/Ia),确定了液芯光纤所在处的温度。实验结果表明,±459cm-1的强度比的实验值与理论值符合得很好,±218cm-1为较好,±314cm-1稍差一些。从理论和实验两方面总结了拉曼频移、光纤损耗、溶剂效应、仪器响应等对测温结果的影响。     

四-(对-羧基苯基)卟啉在水/三氟乙酸溶液中J-聚集的光谱研究

本文研究了四-(对-羧基苯基)卟啉(TCPP)在H2O/CF3COOH、H2O/CCl3COOH和H2O/CH3COOH溶液中的UV-Vis吸收光谱、荧光光谱和拉曼光谱.实验表明,TCPP在H2O/CH3COOH和H2O/CCl3COOH溶液中以分子态的N-质子化卟啉H8TCPP2+存在,而在H2O/CF3COOH中则形成H8TCPP2+的J-聚集体.J-聚集体显示,UV-Vis吸收光谱和荧光光谱的谱带明显红移.拉曼光谱表明,J-聚集体中H8TCPP2+分子的排列与N-质子化四-(对-磺酸基苯基)卟啉H4TSPP2-的J-聚集体相似.     

Influence of pressure effect on Fermi resonance in binary solution

The Fermi resonance behaviours of the two groups of binary solutions --- pyridine and methanol, benzene and carbon tetrachloride, under different pressures are investigated according to their Raman spectra. The effect of pressure on Fermi resonance in binary solution differs significantly from that in pure liquid. In a binary solution, with the intermolecular distance shortening, the intermolecular interaction potential increases, the shift rates of the Raman spectral lines increase, the spectral line splitting occurs ahead of that in pure liquid, and the wavenumber separation Δ₀ between the unperturbed harmonic levels shifts more quickly, too. The Fermi resonance parameters, the coupling coefficient W and the intensity ratio R of the two Raman bands, decrease rapidly with pressure increasing, and the pressure at which Fermi resonance phenomenon disappears is much lower than that in pure liquid, especially in the solution whose molecules are of the same polarity. This article is valuable in the identification and the assignment of spectral lines under high pressure, as well as the study of high pressure effect, intermolecular interaction, and solvent effects in different cases, etc.     

Osmotic pressure and models of binary liquid mixtures

Correction terms are explicitly exhibited to a relation proposed by Hammel between the compressibility K_T of a liquid binary mixture and the values of K_T in the pure species 1 and 2.     

Ultrasonic studies of intermolecular interactions in binary mixtures of 4-methoxy benzoin with various solvents: Excess molar functions of ultrasonic parameters at different concentrations and in different solvents

Density (ρ), ultrasonic velocity (U), for the binary mixtures of 4-methoxy benzoin (4MB) with ethanol, chloroform, acetonitrile, benzene, and di-oxane were measured at 298 K. The solute–solvent interactions and the effect of the polarity of the solvent on the type of intermolecular interactions are discussed here. From the above data, adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (L_f), acoustic impedance (Z), apparent molar volume (Ø), relative association (RA) have been calculated. Other useful parameters such as excess density, excess velocity and excess adiabatic compressibility have also been calculated. These parameters were used to study the nature and extent of intermolecular interactions between component molecules in the binary mixtures.     

Internal pressure,ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of multi-component liquid systems

Ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity were measured in two ternary liquid systems namely,n-pentane +n-hexane + benzene(I) andn-hexane + cyclohexane + benzene(II) and one quaternary liquid system,n-pentane +n-hexane + benzene + toluene (III). The experimental as well as literature values of thermal expansion coefficient and iso-thermal compressibility of pure liquid components were utilized to deduce the ideal value of internal pressure and excess internal pressure for the above liquid systems at 298·15K using two different approaches. In the conventional approach one needs the experimental values ofα andβ _T of mixtures for computing internal pressure, which was not possible. The second method which is proposed here utilizes only the density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity data of the mixture. This method is used in computing internal pressure and its excess value for multicomponent liquid systems. A satisfactory agreement has been observed.     

溶剂对芳香胺红外吸收光谱的影响

对２１种芳香胺在不同溶剂中的红外光谱进行了测定,发现溶剂的极性对芳香胺氨基的红外光谱影响很大。在苯中氨基伸缩振动的频率红移的幅度明显大于在四氯化碳中的红移。由于溶剂和氨基之间形成氢键,在苯和四氯化碳中,氨基的两个吸收峰明显加宽。样品的浓度对吸收峰的频率,峰型及相对吸收强度都没有明显的影响。     

粒子数密度对飞秒Gauss型脉冲传播及光谱特性的影响

利用预估校正-时域有限差分(PC-FDTD)法求解全波Maxwell-Bloch方程,研究介质粒子数密度(N)对飞秒Gauss型激光脉冲在Λ型三能级原子介质中传播及光谱特性的影响.结果表明:小面积2π脉冲在不同N介质中都不发生分裂,脉冲频谱基本没有新的高频成分产生,随N增大中心频率附近光谱强度明显减小.面积4π脉冲,在N较大的稀疏介质及稠密介质中都产生分裂,在稀疏介质中随N增大频谱展宽幅度及高频成分强度增大,但在稠密介质中频谱展宽变小且远小于N较大时的稀疏介质情况.大面积8π脉冲,脉冲分裂情况与4π脉冲情况相似,但随N增大频谱展宽幅度及高频成分强度单调增大,且在稠密介质中的频谱展宽幅度及高频成分强度远大于N较小的稀疏介质情况.     

Raman光谱方法研究三氯甲烷与苯分子间的C/H…π相互作用

测量了不同浓度三氯甲烷（CHCl₃）与苯（C₆H₆）二元溶液的Raman光谱,随C₆H₆浓度的增加,受分子间C/H…π相互作用的影响,CHCl₃中C—H键伸缩振动频率向低波数移动;当CHCl₃体积分数小于40%,C—H键伸缩振动频率不变,分子间C/H…π相互作用达到饱和.分别以CHCl₃和C₆H₆体积分数为70%的CHCl₃-C₆H₆混合溶液为研究对象,测量了它们的高压和低温Raman光谱.根据CHCl₃中C—H键伸缩振动频率随压强和温度的变化关系,得出了分子间C/H…π相互作用对压强和温度的扰动表现出不稳定性.     

Acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A and related molecular properties of binary organic liquid mixtures

Acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A is calculated for binary mixtures using four different methods. The interactions in the liquid mixtures are explained on the basis of excess non-linearity parameter and excess adiabatic compressibility. Sehgal's relations for calculating molecular properties of pure liquids are extended to binary mixtures.     

Excess molar volumes and isentropic compressibilities of binary liquid mixtures containing n-alkanes at 298.15 K

Excess molar volumes (V ^E) and deviation in isentropic compressibilities (Δβ _s) have been investigated from the density ρ and speed of sound u measurements of six binary liquid mixtures containing n-alkanes over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K. Excess molar volume exhibits inversion in sign in one binary mixture, i.e., n-heptane + n-hexane. Remaining five binary mixtures, n-heptane + toluene, cyclohexane + n-heptane, cyclohexane + n-hexane, toluene + n-hexane and n-decane + n-hexane show negative excess molar volumes over the whole composition range. However, the large negative values of excess molar volume becomes domainant in toluene + n-hexane mixture. Deviation in isentropic compressibility is negative over the whole range of composition in the case of all the six binary mixtures. Existence of specific intermolecular interactions in the mixtures has been analyzed in terms of excess molar volume and deviation in isentropic compressibility.