Atomic adsorption of oxygen on Cu(111) and Cu(110)

We have studied angle-resolved inverse photoemission ( = 9.7 eV) after room temperature adsorption of oxygen on Cu(111) and Cu(110). On Cu(111) exposure to 500 L induces a band (3.0 eV aboveE _F at) which shows clear dispersion (1.0 eV) to higher energies for off normal incidence. Since no LEED superstructure is seen for that system, our results present strong evidence for the presence of short-range surface order. Two adsorbate bands are identified (2.8 eV and 6.3 eV at) on Cu(110)p(2×1)-O. Our results are in good agreement with a long-bridge adsorption site.     

SPA-LEED studies of growth of Ag on Ag(111) at low temperatures

The surface morphology after deposition of Ag on Ag(111) at low temperatures (130–200 K) has been studied in detail with SPA-LEED (Spot-Profile Analysis of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction). The surface roughness and the mean terrace size have been quantitatively determined under various conditions. At 130 K the surface roughness increases with coverage exactly according to the relation = ^1/2, which indicates that the inter-layer diffusion can be neglected at 130 K. Although the mean terrace length decreases with increasing coverage (following an approximate power law of ^–2/3) for all studied coverages, it is much larger than expected for a pure random or Poisson-growth mode without any diffusion of the adatoms. Therefore, Ag grows on Ag(111) at this temperature without interlayer diffusion but with intra-layer diffusion. The intralayer diffusion barrierE _d has been determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the two-dimensional island density according to the nucleation theory (supposing a critical nucleus size of one). The obtained valueE _c=0.18 eV agrees with the theoretical calculations and previous measurements. Furthermore, from comparing measured and Monte-Carlo-simulated (MC) surface roughness at different deposition temperatures we obtain E=0.05 eV as a lower limit for the additional barrier at steps.     

Spin-resolved photoemission from epitaxial Au layers on Pt(111): Coverage dependence of the bandstructure and evidence of surface resonances

Au/Pt(111) has been studied by spin-, angle- and energy-resolved photoemission with normal incident circularly polarized synchrotron radiation of BESSY and normal photoelectron emission for different Au coverages. The prepared layers were characterized by LEED and Augerelectron spectroscopy and turned out to grow up two dimensional and epitaxially. In the photoemission experiments the development of the 3-dimensional bandstructure in the -direction could be observed. For a coverage of 2.6 layers the highest occupied spin-orbit split bands are located at about 0.6 eV lower binding energy than the corresponding bands for a 3D-Au crystal and show dispersion which is, however, weaker than in a 3D-Au crystal. A 5 layer Au adsorbate was found to have already the same dispersion and energetic location as a Au(111)-crystal. For thick gold layers, which behave in photoemission like Au(111)-crystals, we find structures that cannot be due to direct transitions into a free electron like final band. The coverage dependence and spin polarization of these structures show that some of them are due to surface resonances, while the origin of one strong peak could not yet be explained conclusively. In addition we find strong hybridization and two avoided crossings in the occupied part of the bandstructure.     

Demonstration of electrical spin injection into a semiconductor using a semimagnetic spin aligner

Spin injection into semiconductors has been a field of growing interest during recent years, because of the large possibilities in basic physics and for device applications that a controlled manipulation of the electrons spin would enable. However, it has proven very difficult to realize such a spin injector experimentally. Here we demonstrate electrical spin injection and detection in a GaAs/AlGaAs p-i-n diode using a semimagnetic II–VI semiconductor (Zn_{1 − x − y}Be_xMn_ySe) as a spin aligner. The degree of circular polarization of the electroluminescence from the diode is related to the spin polarization of the conduction electrons. Thus, it may be used as a detector for injected spin-polarized carriers. Our experimental results indicate a spin polarization of the injected electrons of up to 90% and are reproduced for several samples. The degree of optical polarization depends strongly on the Mn concentration and the thickness of the spin aligner. Electroluminescence from a reference sample without spin aligner as well as photoluminescence after unpolarized excitation in the spin aligner sample show only the intrinsic polarization in an external magnetic field due to the GaAs bandstructure. We can thus exclude side effects from Faraday effect or magnetic circular dichroism in the semimagnetic layer as the origin of the observed circularly polarized electroluminescence.     

Reduction of spin glasses applied to the Migdal-Kadanoff hierarchical lattice

A reduction procedure to obtain ground states of spin glasses on sparse graphs is developed and tested on the hierarchical lattice associated with the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation for low-dimensional lattices. While more generally applicable, these rules here lead to a complete reduction of the lattice. The stiffness exponent governing the scaling of the defect energy E with system size L, (E) ~L ^y, is obtained as y ₃ = 0.25546(3) by reducing the equivalent of lattices up to L = 2¹⁰⁰ in d = 3, and as y ₄ = 0.76382(4) for up to L = 2³⁵ in d = 4. The reduction rules allow the exact determination of the ground state energy, entropy, and also provide an approximation to the overlap distribution. With these methods, some well-know and some new features of diluted hierarchical lattices are calculated.     

Exotic states in long-range spin glasses

We consider Ising spin glasses onZ ^d with couplingsJ _xy =c _y–x Z _xy , where thec _y 's are nonrandom real coefficients and theZ _xy 's are independent, identically distributed random variables withE[Z _xy ]=0 andE[Z _xy ² ]=1. We prove that if _y |c _y |= while _y |c _y |²=, then (with probability one) there are uncountably many (infinite volume) ground states , each of which has the following property: forany temperatureT<, there is a Gibbs state supported entirely on (infinite volume) spin configurations which differ from only atfinitely many sites. This and related results are examples of the bizarre effects that can occur in disordered systems with coupling-dependent boundary conditions.Research supported in part by NSF Grants DMS-9196086 and 9209053Research supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG03-93ER25155     

A density functional theory study of CF3CH2I adsorption and reaction on Ag(111)

The adsorption and reaction behaviors of CF₃CH₂I on Ag(111) were systematically studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Physical adsorption of CF₃CH₂I on Ag(111) occurs due to the weak interactions between surface Ag atoms and iodine atom of CF₃CH₂I; while strong chemisorption occurs for CF₃CH₂ fragment on Ag(111). Electronic analysis indicates that the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of CF₃CH₂ strongly interacts with the surface Ag atoms. It is very interesting to find that the most stable structures of CF₃CH₂ on Ag(111) locate at the top site, instead of the hollow sites. This might be attributed to the facts that CF₃CH₂ adsorbed at the top site will maximize the sp³-type hybridization, and the possible weak interaction between the fluorine lone pair electrons of p orbitals for CF₃CH₂ and surface Ag(111) occurs, which is supported by the charge density difference (CDD) analysis with a low isosurface value. We propose that the charge density difference (CDD) analysis with a high or low isosurface value can be widely applied to analyze the strong or weak electronic interactions upon adsorption. Transition state calculations suggested that the energy barrier of CF bond rupture for CF₃CH₂I on Ag(111) (1.44 eV) is much higher than that of CI bond breakage for CF₃CH₂I (0.43 eV); and the activation energy of the CF bond dissociation for CF₃CH₂(a) is 0.67 eV.     

Field-emission flicker noise from potassium adsorbed on W(111) bounded and unbounded surface diffusion by spectral analysis

The spectral density functionsW(f) of the field-emission flicker noise of potassium adsorbed on the tungsten (111) region were determined. The analysis in terms of the Gesley-Swanson or the Timm and Van der Ziel model gives surface diffusion energies between 0.54 and 0.31 eV for (average) coverages from 0.15 to 0.38 and diffusion prefactors between 3×10^–1 and 10^–4 cm²/s. The fitting procedures are successful for both bounded and unbounded diffusion though in opposite order of temperature, as expected.On leave from Wrocaw University     

Magnetism of surfaces by spin polarized photoemission

Spin polarized photoemission is used as a method to study the magnetic peoperties of solid surfaces. Here we consider those systems where the spin polarization is believed to be conserved during the photoemission process. The surface sensitivity of the experiment will be therefore mainly determined by the relative magnitudes of the escape depth of the photoelectrons and of the magnetic coherence length. We analyze both the temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the degree of spin polarizationP of the electrons emitted from single crystals of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, and thin films (D=2–3000 Å) of Fe, Co and Ni. These data yield information on 1) the temperature dependence of the magnetization of the surface, 2) the relative sizes of and, 3) changes of the magnetic moment of atoms in the surface layers, and 4) the surface magnetic anisotropy. We show that this technique emerges as a novel tool to study magnetic systems with free surfaces and to test the predictions of recent calculations of the magnetic properties of surfaces. Emphasis is given to the fact that only relative changes ofP and not its absolute values are relevant for an analysis of the data.     

Induced spin polarization of copper spin 1/2 molecular layers

Thin films of the metal organic molecule bis(4-cyano-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)copper(II) (or Cu(CNdpm)₂), (C₂₄H₃₆N₂O₄Cu, Cu(II)), deposited on ferromagnetic Co(111) at 40 K, exhibit a finite electron spin polarization. The spin polarization magnitude and sign for Cu(CNdpm)₂ deposited on Co(111) is coverage dependent, but deviates from the mean field expectations for a simple paramagnet on a ferromagnetic substrate. The spin asymmetry is seen to favor select molecular orbitals, consistent with the predicted single molecule density of states. The overlayer polarization observed indicates a strong influence of the ferromagnetic Co(111) substrate and some extra-molecular magnetic coupling.     

Sum-frequency generation at electrochemical interfaces: Cyanide vibrations on Pt(111) and Pt(110)

We use optical sum-frequency generation to investigate the stretching vibrations of cyanide (CN^–) molecules chemisorbed from aqueous electrolytes on single-crystalline Pt(111)- and Pt(110)-electrode surfaces. For clean and well-ordered Pt(111) electrodes, a single vibrational band between 2080 and 2150 cm^–1 with a nonlinear frequency dependence on the potential is observed and assigned to the CN stretching vibration of chemisorbed cyanide. A second band between 2145 and 2150 cm^–1 with very weak potential dependence appears on a surface which was subjected to oxidation-reduction cycles and is attributed to cyanide associated with a microscopically disordered surface. This assignment is supported by preliminary results for a Pt(110) single-crystal electrode. On a well-ordered (110) surface a single and potential-dependent cyanide vibration between 2070 and 2112 cm^–1 is observed. After oxidation of the cyanide and readsorption, this band is replaced by a higher frequency band at 2144 cm^–1 which is essentially not potential-dependent. Occasionally, additional vibrational bands at lower frequencies not reported in corresponding IR studies are observed on Pt(111).Paper presented at the 129th WE-Heraeus-Seminar on Surface Studies by Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopies, Kassel, Germany, May 30 to June 1, 1994     

Magneto-optical phenomena in MnAs/CaF2/Si(111) epitaxial films in a transverse magnetic field

Field and angular dependences of the rotation of the plane of polarization in a transverse magnetic field H⊥k under normal reflection of light (λ=633 nm) have been studied in MnAs ferromagnetic epitaxial films grown by MBE on CaF₂/Si(111) substrates. The angle of rotation of the plane of polarization a is shown to be determined by contributions even and odd in the magnetization M. The odd contribution is associated with the deviation of the easy plane of magnetic anisotropy from the film plane, which originates from misorientation of the Si surface from the (111) plane, or from a presence of small regions of ( )-oriented MnAs. The even contribution is due to the optical anisotropy of films connected with quadratic-in-M terms in the dielectric permittivity tensor ɛ _ij of manganese arsenide. A method based on measuring the angular dependences of a in a rotating magnetic field is proposed to separate these contributions. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 110–115 (January 1999)     

Nuclear spin dependence of polarization enhancement by multi-tilted foils studied by short-lived beta-emitters8B and12B

In order to study the basic mechanism of polarization enhancement realized by the multitilted foil technique, nuclear polarization of short-lived beta-emitter⁸B(T_1/2=769 ms,I =2⁺) was induced. Utilizing up to ten tilted foils, the polarization enhancement was measured as a function of the foil numbers. The observed enhancement for⁸B was combined with the previous results for¹²B(I =1⁺,T _1/2=20 ms) which has the same atomic configurations but different nuclear spin. Analyzing these results in the framework of the classical vector model, the essential features of the enhancement depending on the nuclear spin was disclosed.     

Coupling of the zero sound to transverse spin waves for neutral and normal Fermi liquids in dc magnetic field at precessing magnetization

Following the idea by Ketterson, this author showed that in neutral and normal Fermi liquids, the polarization effects lead to coupling of transverse spin waves to zero sound at precessing magnetization of the system. The observable effects, at the range of dc fields applied to³He, can appear only if the zero sound is degenerate with transverse spin waves excited in the reference frame rotating with the Larmor frequency about theH _dc-axis. This possibility is investigated at Landau parameters vanishing atl>1 and nonzero, though small, coupling of the density to the spin density and the particle current to the spin current, resulting from the polarization of the system byH _dc. The degeneration is, in general, possible but, at large values of the zero sound velocity with respect to the Fermi velocity, caused by large values of the Landau parameterF ₀ ^s and alsoF ₁ ^s for³He, atF ₀ ^a –0.7, it appears only at positiveF ₁ ^a . All experimental estimations of this parameter agree in its negativity excluding the degeneration of the zero sound and transverse spin waves for³He.     

New bands and spin-parity assignments in 111Ru

The ¹¹¹Ru nucleus, populated in the spontaneous fission of ²⁴⁸Cm has been studied by means of prompt gamma spectroscopy using the EUROGAM2 array. Spin and parity assignments, based on angular correlations, linear polarization, and conversion coefficient measurements differ from those available in the literature. New bands are reported, which incorporate transitions seen previously but not placed in the scheme of ¹¹¹Ru or placed incorrectly. The bands are interpreted as neutron excitations into subshells originating predominantly from the h _11/2, g _7/2 and s _1/2 spherical orbitals. The s _1/2 band, strongly mixed with the d _3/2, d _5/2 and g _7/2 configurations, is observed for the first time in this region.PACS: 23.20.Lv transitions and level energies - 21.60.Cs Shell model - 25.85.Ca Spontaneous fission - 27.60. + j      

Magnetism in very thin films of permalloy measured by spin polarized cascade electrons

The spin polarizationP of the low energy cascade electrons excited with a primary unpolarized electron beam is measured with ultrathin films of permalloy (Ni₈₀Fe₂₀) as a function of film thickness, external magnetic field, and temperatureT. Surface adsorbates of small concentrations of less than 10% of a monolayer can change the Curie point and the saturation value ofP ₀(T0) by as much as 30%. The Ta-substrate induces a magnetically dead region in permalloy. Conventional spin wave theory cannot account for the observed smallT-dependence of the magnetizationM. Films on a nonmagnetic substrate are compared to similar films coupled to bulk permalloy over an interface of Ta. TheT-dependence ofM with the coupled films can be explained by spin wave theory. At lowT, the films coupled to the bulk exhibit a faster decrease ofM than the uncoupled films. We propose that this thermal stabilization of the magnetization in very thin ferromagnetic films is due to quenching of the long wavelength spin modes.     

Spin-resolved photoemission from Ag(111): Theory and experiment

Using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation between 14 and 24 eV, spin-resolved normal photoemission spectra have been measured from an unreconstructed Ag(111) surface. Corresponding spectra were calculated by means of a fully relativistic one-step theory of photoemission together with the bulk band structures for real and complex potentials, using two different local approximations for the exchange-correlation potential. Experiment and theory employing anX potential agree well with regard to existence and positions of peaks. Relative peak heights match except for an observed enhancement at photon energies, at which two or more direct interband transitions may resonate.     

Thermopower of spin glasses

We calculate the thermopowerS _d(T) of spin glasses on the basis of thesd exchange model with additional interactions between the impurity spins by means of time dependent perturbation theory. Similarly to the Kondo effect, the observed giant thermopower can only be explained if one also takes into account the spin independent interactionV between the magnetic impurities and the conduction electrons. We obtain a Kondo termS _d ⁽¹⁾ (T) (which reduces for vanishing spin interactions to the thermopower of Kondo systems) and in addition a resonance termS _d ⁽²⁾ (T) of opposite sign which vanishes for vanishing interactions. The superposition of both terms leads to an additional extremum of the total thermopower and to a change of sign at a temperatureT ₀ which depends on the Kondo temperature and on the magnetic excitations of the spin glass and therewith on the freezing temperatureT _f. We obtain at low temperatures for oscillating and relaxing spin glass modesS _d ⁽¹⁾ T² andS _d ⁽²⁾ T. At high temperaturesS _d ⁽¹⁾ (T) decreases as |lnT|^–3 andS _d ⁽²⁾ asT ^–1. A close relationship between the temperature dependent resistivity in Born approximation andS _d ⁽¹⁾ (T) is pointed out.SFB 125 Aachen-Jülich-Köln     

应力对(GaP)1/(InP)1(111)超晶格体内和表面电子结构的影响

考虑到应力对超薄层(GaP)₁/(InP)₁(111)结构中Ga-P和In-P键长的作用为均匀分布的情况,本文提出在紧束缚近似下,将应力的影响直接反映到Harrison的交迭积分项中,并利用Recursion方法全面计算了由Keating模型确定的稳定(GaP)₁/(InP)₁(111)超晶格体内和表面的电子结构,结果表明,这种材料的带隙为1.88eV,它比体材料GaP(2.91eV)和InP(1.48eV)的平均值小 关键词：