多边形交错网格的守恒重映算法

提出基于细分和数值积分思想的一种离散的守恒重映方法——质点重映方法.密度分布可采用一阶精度的分片常数分布,或二阶精度的分片线性分布.分片线性密度分布函数采用面平均方法构造.重映过程中,借助四边形辅助网格,实现了交错网格节点量的重映.质点重映方法既适用于结构网格,也适用于非结构网格,且不要求新旧网格之间一一对应.数值结果表明,一阶精度重映算法健壮性好,但会产生较大的扩散效应;二阶精度重映算法可较好地保持密度分布的特性,但存在单调性问题.为改善二阶精度重映方法单调性,将结构网格质量守恒调整算法推广到非结构网格上,以限制新网格的质量密度.给出了一些重映的例子,并进行了误差分析.     

一种高精度保界的守恒重映方法

Lagrange方法中，当流场发生大变形时，跟踪流体运动的Lagrange网格发生扭曲，使计算无法进行下去，此时必须重分网格，把网格修复成较好的形状。另外，网格自适应技术中的重构、合并与加密，以及同一问题不同程序相继计算的连接，并行计算中相邻块边界区域的数据传递等，这些情况都需要利用旧网格上的物理量来确定新网格上的物理量，是一个物理量重映过程。质点重映方法是基于物理上守恒规律的一种离散的物理量守恒映射方法，既可实现分片常数分布的一阶精度重映计算，又可实现分片线性分布的二阶精度重映计算。这种方法可严格保证守恒量的守恒性，且可以实现任意多边形网格以及节点上物理量的守恒重映。但是，基于分片线性分布的二阶精度重映方法，如果新网格的守恒量没有进行保界调整，那么相应的强度量有可能在其局部的限制范围之外，破坏了原网格物理量的单调性。因而，对二阶精度的质点重映方法进行了进一步研究。在分片线性分布的基础上，将基于结构网格的保界算法扩展到非结构网格上，给出了二阶保界的质点守恒重映方法。     

任意网格重映的样条逼近算法

在大变形流体力学问题的数值模拟中,任何方法都必须考虑网格重分或网格自适应,只要改动网格就涉及重分,或自适应后从旧的、扭曲的网格到新网格的守恒量重映,包括质量、动量和能量.在研究样条函数逼近的基础上,给出一种物理量重映的对结构网格和非结构网格均适应的算法,并给出了数值结果.     

散乱物理量逼近的重映算法

在计算流体力学(CFD)领域，几乎所有的方法都离不开网格，网格是各种数值方法的基础。网格质量的好坏直接影响数值结果的精度，甚至影响到数值计算的成败。为此CFD工作者发展了许多方法。如迭合网格、贴体网格和非结构网格，为了更好地数值模拟大变形问题，又进一步发展了结构/非结构混合网格的技术，尤其是发展了网格跟随流场智能化调整的网格自适应技术。这些网格技术的发展，几乎都涉及网格的变动，只要改动网格就涉及物理量的重映。重映方法一般被分为两种类型：插植重映和积分重映。所谓插植重映方法就是在计算区域D上，用已知网格上的物理量分布，通过插值理论把它插值到新网格或任意定义的规则网格上的一个过程，通过这个过程给出新网格的物理量的分布。所谓积分重映方法就是用积分的形式把旧网格上的守恒量重新映射到新网格上。如对某种体积密度分布q，简单的积分形式为     

一类基于RBF插值的守恒重映算法

为保证重映过程的高守恒精度和单调性,并且在间断处具有极高的分辨率,基于径向基函数(RBF)插值方法构造了一类适用于任意网格的RBF守恒重映算法,通过计算守恒误差测试重映算法的守恒精度。将该方法用于光滑函数和含有间断的函数,并与其它守恒重映方法比较,表明该方法数值结果较好。     

一类基于ENO插值的守恒重映算法

在大变形流体力学问题的数值模拟中,常常会涉及到计算网格的重分.基于不同网格的物理量传递便是所谓的重映技术.基于ENO插值的思想,发展了一类适用于任意网格的ENO守恒重映算法,并给出了数值结果.     

ALE中的重映算法

介绍了二维非结构网格上的守恒重映算法，重点是基于SFB／DC思想的通量重映算法。用统一的公式表示不同的单元量重映算法，包括原始的贡献网格法、Barth—Jespersen方法、最小二乘法，不同算法间的区别体现为梯度求法的差异。对于交错网格上速度的重映，介绍了SALE和HIS算法。此外，为保证重映算法的有界性，引入了修补方法。     

基于高阶守恒重映对窗口嵌入技术的改进

采用高阶守恒重映方法提高窗口嵌入技术中非点对点搭接网格界面的流场信息传递精度和分辨率,研究不同精度和模板选择方式下的重构对重映精度的影响.界面守恒变量的数据重构使用常数分布、线性分布和二次多项式分布.结果表明,基于WENO的线性重构在精度和计算量方面获得了较好的平衡.将改进的方法应用于机翼贴片修补问题的数值模拟,成功模拟出修补后翼面压力分布出现的明显跳跃.     

ENO守恒插值(重映)方法及其在流体计算中的应用

在ENO(Essentially Non-oscillatory)守恒插值方法的基础上,分析和研究现今流体力学计算中涉及的几类网格技术:重叠网格技术、自适应加密技术和运动网格技术.基于ENO插值多项式构造的重映方法具有良好的守恒性,可以有效保证数据传递中物理量的总体守恒.提出该类守恒插值方法在以上几种网格技术中的一些应用前景,并给出一些数值算例.     

二维Lagrange网格的积分守恒重映方法

研究了解决二维Lagrange网格大变形的一种有效的网格重分方法——积分守恒重映方法.详细地介绍了算法,并给出了数值实验结果.     

Cosserat弹性杆动力学普遍定理的守恒量问题

根据Cosserat弹性杆的动力学普遍定理,讨论其守恒量问题. 因弹性杆的动力学方程是以截面为对象,并且是以弧坐标和时间为双自变量,其守恒量必定是以积分的形式给出,分别存在关于弧坐标或时间守恒的问题. 根据弹性杆的动量和动量矩方程,导出其动量守恒和动量矩守恒的存在条件及其表达,并讨论了关于沿中心线弧坐标的守恒问题;再分别根据弹性杆关于时间和弧坐标的能量方程导出了各自的关于时间和弧坐标的守恒量存在条件及其表达, 结果包括了弹性杆的机械能守恒以及平衡时的应变能积分;守恒问题给出了例子. 积分形式的守恒量对于弹性杆动力学的理论分析和数值计算都具有实际意义. 关键词： 守恒量 Cosserat弹性杆 动力学普遍定理 双自变量     

Cryobiology, wildlife conservation and reality

Conservation is about protecting and nurturing species so that they can survive, not only now but also into the future. Ideally this means protecting genetically diverse populations and not simply breeding a few individuals. In principle, cryobiology offers the means to help maintain genetic diversity by storing genetically important germplasm that could reinvigorate populations in the future. Unfortunately the technical problems associated with this ideal goal still provide a major barrier to the practical use of cryopreservation technology. Sometimes these are technical problems with the cryobiology, but lack of basic biological information about unusual species, coupled with difficulties in obtaining such information, means that progress will be possible with only a few species that are subject to intensive scrutiny. The opportunities nevertheless exist for cryobiologists and reproductive biologists to make useful and global contributions to species conservation. I argue here that there are often two mutually suspicious groups of biologists, who do not interact or even understand each others goals. If conservation biologists and biotechnologists were more prepared to join forces and share their expertise, there would be much improved prospects for achieving lasting success in the conservation of a small, but well targeted, number of threatened species.     

Nonlocal conserved quantities,balance laws,and equations of motion

A formalism is developed whereby balance laws are directly obtained from nonlocal (integrodifferential) linear second-order equations of motion for systems described by several dependent variables. These laws augment the equations of motion as further useful information about the physical system and, under certain conditions, are shown to reduce to conservation laws. The formalism can be applied to physical systems whose equations of motion may be relativistic and either classical or quantum. It is shown to facilitate obtaining global conservation laws for quantities which include energy and momentum. Applications of the formalism are given for a nonlocal Schrödinger equation and for a system of local relativistic equations of motion describing particles of arbitrary integral spin.     

Massive gauge field in source theory. II

In an earlier source theory investigation it was shown that the vacuum polarization of a massive gauge field is finite, provided that the conservation of current is imposed everywhere, including the interior of the sources. It is shown in the present paper that radiative corrections to a vertex function (two-particle production by an external source) are also finite if the same requirement about current conservation is imposed. In other words one-loop corrections turn out to be finite in both calculations. The cancellations leading to convergence may be understood in terms of Ward identities. The three form factors that appear are not only shown to be finite but are also explicity found.     

也谈质量的概念

本文从历史发展以及当今的情况出发,说明了作者对质量概念的认识：质量概念的内涵是丰富的;相对论质量概念可以而且应该引入;质量守恒定律和能量守恒定律都应该坚持。     

Quantum tunneling via quantum geometric phase

A new geometric phase is proposed by considering both the energy and momentum conservation, where the corresponding dynamical phases have two parts differently from the conventional calculations for the phase. The results are applied to quantum tunneling process, which is helpful to distinguish the concept about the tunneling time.     

Energy partitions in fission

Energy partition in fission is reconsidered for ²³⁶U in our RGM-PES model with explicit linear momentum conservation for fission up to about 25 MeV excitation. Several qualitative differences with our earlier predictions are pointed out. There is need of specific experiments to verify them.     

力学模型和规律在"哥伦比亚"号失事原因中的运用

运用弹性碰撞、完全非弹性碰撞两种力学模型和动量守恒定律、动量定理等力学规律分析讨论了“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机失事的原因,旨在使读者对物理知识在航天器中的应用有更多的了解．     

Simple relations between correlation functions in a closed system

From conservation of total momentum of a general closed system relations between certain correlation functions are derived. The procedure is then applied to express the electrical conductivity of an arbitrary solid or liquid by the dynamics of its nuclei. The possibility to get the wanted information about nuclear motion from inelastic thermal neutron scattering is discussed. For a solid the dynamics of the nuclei are calculated in the harmonic approximation.     

Energy momentum conservation effects on two-particle correlation functions

Two particle correlations are used to extract information about the characteristic size of the system in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions. The size of the system can be extracted from the Bose-Einstein quantum mechanical effect for identical particles. However there are also long range correlations that shift the baseline of the correlation function from the expected flat behavior. A possible source of these correlations is the conservation of energy and momentum, especially for small systems, where the energy available for particle production is limited. A new technique, first used by the STAR collaboration, of quantifying these long range correlations using energy-momentum conservation considerations is presented in this talk. Using Monte Carlo simulations of proton-proton collisions at 900 GeV, it is shown that the baseline of the two particle correlation function can be described using this technique.