一种高性能液晶透镜的设计方法

提出了一种高性能液晶透镜的设计方法。该方法结合了电极结构的设计并利用了液晶材料线性响应区。所设计的电极结构用于产生抛物线的电压分布,将驱动电压控制在液晶材料的线性响应区内可以实现抛物线的相位分布。通过该方法设计的液晶透镜,其孔径可以是任意大小,且不依赖高阻膜。所设计的电极结构简单,加工只需要一次光刻。透镜由两个低电压驱动,驱动方法简单,其焦距可通过两个驱动电压进行调节。理论上这种液晶透镜的相位分布在变焦过程中保持理想的抛物线分布,且光焦度正比于两个驱动电压的差值。实验上,通过光刻法加工了所设计的电极结构,测量了液晶材料的线性响应区,制作了液晶层厚度为50μm的液晶透镜。通过偏振干涉原理采集了干涉条纹,并从中提取了相位信息。实验结果表明,透镜的相位服从抛物线分布,且光焦度与驱动电压的差值成正比。实验结果与理论分析一致。     

一种高阻抗,低束流虚阴极器件的研制

基于虚阴极微波发生器的原理,设计一种特殊的高阻抗、低束流Vircator的实验装置,并结合理论研究对该实验系统的各种参量进行了数值计算与分析,实验测试结果与理论设计计算吻合,在3cm频段获得的输出功率≥20MW。     

用可编程逻辑器件设计X—Y轴步进电机环形分配器

本文介绍了用可编程逻辑器件ＧＡＬ１６Ｖ８实现Ｘ－Ｙ步进电机脉冲环形分配器。给出了设计原理实现主用ＡＢＥＬ３．０编制的源文件。     

线阵CCD与IBM微机的接口设计

本文介绍了采用端口串传送方法制作的线阵ＣＣＤ与ＩＢＭ微机的接口设计，给出了硬件设计原理和接口的汇编程序。     

光纤电压传感器设计原理

报道了利用钛酸钡晶体压电效应及多模光导纤维法布里-珀罗型干涉仪来测量电压的原理,装置设计及其实验结果,并讨论了在光学测量中光纤的具体参数及其它因素对测量结果及信噪比的影响.     

电压压调谐多级液晶滤光片的理论研究

依据电压调谐多级液晶滤光片的设计原理,给出了设计实例。主要讨论了三片液晶盒组成的多级滤光片,在滤光片系统中液晶盒可以采用相同厚度,也可以使厚度成一定比例。厚度成比例的多级滤光片,其透射波长可通过调节外加电压而连续改变,调谐范围400~800 nm,覆盖整个可见光区;采用相同厚度液晶盒组成的多级滤光片可以从多条谱线中滤出所需要的波长。原理上两种形式都可以获得性能良好的滤光片。     

真空微电子器件

真空微电子器件真空微电子学研究的问题涉及微米、亚微米尺寸大小的器件和以固体中电子场发射为原理的部件．所谓固体中电子场发射是指固体中电子在很强的外电场的作用下，克服固体表面势垒的作用，而逸出固体的现象．该现象遵循量子力学原理，电子离开固体表面后沿着电力...     

二元光学波面变形器件的研究

基于计算全息原理设计了二元光学波面变形器件，一块二元光学器件的衍射效率比计算全息可提高４倍，高斯波面整形需要二块整形光学器件，二元光学器件的激光利用率比计算全息提高１６倍，而且制做工艺简单．     

塑料光纤直径测量系统

提出了以可编程逻辑器件为核心的塑料光纤直径在线测量系统,阐述了其工作原理。系统使用发光二极管作为光源、高精度线阵CCD作为图像传感器,简化了光学部分;应用EPLD和双口RAM,提高了信号处理效率;设计了提高测量精度的单片机数据处理算法。实验表明系统的测量范围为0 26～3mm,测量精度在10μm以内,满足塑料光纤直径测量要求。     

超分子金属有机配合物的光化学和光物理

本文评述了近年来新出现的光化学及光物理领域中的超分子金属有机配合物的研究概况，从光化学分子器件原理，设计及功能入手，对它们各个体系的特性研究及应用前景做了较为详尽的介绍。     

Proof of Equivalence of Carnot Principle to II Law of Thermodynamics and Non-Equivalence to Clausius I and Kelvin Principles

The II law of thermodynamics is most often given in three supposedly equivalent formulations: two Clausius (I and II) and one Kelvin. The most general and indisputable entropy formulation belongs to Clausius (II). The earlier Clausius I principle determines the natural direction heat flow between bodies at different temperatures. On the other hand, the Kelvin principle states that it is impossible to completely convert heat into work. The author argues that the Kelvin principle is a weaker statement (or more strictly non-equivalent) than the Clausius I principle, and the latter is a weaker statement than Carnot principle, which is equivalent to Clausius II principle. As a result, the Kelvin principle and the Clausius I principle are not exhaustive formulations of the II law of thermodynamics. At the same time, it turns out that the Carnot principle becomes such a formulation. Apart from providing a complete set of proof and disproof, the author, indicates where the methodological errors were made in the alleged proof of the equivalence of the Kelvin principle and both Clausius principles.     

Uncertainty and complementarity in axiomatic quantum mechanics

In this work an investigation of the uncertainty principle and the complementarity principle is carried through. A study of the physical content of these principles and their representation in the conventional Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics forms a natural starting point for this analysis. Thereafter is presented more general axiomatic framework for quantum mechanics, namely, a probability function formulation of the theory. In this general framework two extra axioms are stated, reflecting the ideas of the uncertainty principle and the complementarity principle, respectively. The quantal features of these axioms are explicated. The sufficiency of the state system guarantees that the observables satisfying the uncertainty principle are unbounded and noncompatible. The complementarity principle implies a non-Boolean proposition structure for the theory. Moreover, nonconstant complementary observables are always noncompatible. The uncertainty principle and the complementarity principle, as formulated in this work, are mutually independent. Some order is thus brought into the confused discussion about the interrelations of these two important principles. A comparison of the present formulations of the uncertainty principle and the complementarity principle with the Jauch formulation of the superposition principle is also given. The mutual independence of the three fundamental principles of the quantum theory is hereby revealed.     

关于大学物理中“不确定原理”一节内容不同讲法的比较和建议

海森伯不确定原理是量子物理的基石之一,尽管物理学界对其基本意义仍有争论,但在大学物理课程教学过程中对该原理的讲述,无疑应该注重引导学生扬弃经典轨道概念、建立波粒二象性概念.然而目前国内多数教材对此原理的讲法,事实上仍然或明或暗地使用了经典轨道的概念,从而容易使学习者产生困惑,本文调查对比了国内外几十种教材对不确定原理的讲解和论述方法,在此基础上提出了该部分教材的修改和教学建议.     

事件空间中力学系统的微分变分原理

研究事件空间中力学系统的微分变分原理.基于D'Alembert原理，建立了事件空间中力学系统的D'Alembert-Lagrange原理、Jourdain原理、Gauss原理和万有D'Alembert原理，给出了这些原理的Euler-Lagrange参数形式、Nielsen参数形式和Appell参数形式，并导出了万有D'Alembert原理的Mangeron-Deleanu参数形式. 关键词： 分析力学 事件空间 微分变分原理     

基于原子干涉仪的微观粒子弱等效原理检验

等效原理是广义相对论的两个基本假设之一,也是爱因斯坦对弱等效原理的推广.目前,大量实验证明弱等效原理在一定的实验精度内是成立的.将引力与标准模型统一起来的新理论都要求弱等效原理破缺,因此更高精度的弱等效原理检验具有重要的科学意义.本文介绍了原子干涉仪的原理,回顾了利用原子干涉仪开展微观粒子弱等效原理检验实验研究的历史和现状,介绍了双组分原子干涉仪检验弱等效原理实验涉及的振动噪声抑制、拉曼光移频与相位噪声抑制、四波双衍射拉曼跃迁原子干涉、信号探测与数据处理等关键问题及研究进展,分析了高精度微观粒子弱等效原理检验研究的发展趋势,介绍了长基线原子干涉仪、空间原子干涉仪、超冷原子源以及纠缠原子源制备等方面的研究动态,展望了微观粒子弱等效原理检验研究的发展前景.     

基于C++编程确定同科电子体系的光谱项

删除法则可以方便快捷地确定3个同科电子体系的光谱项.而对大于3个的同科电子体系,人工导出删除法则的工作量相当大.在介绍了删除法则的基本原理之后,本文详细叙述了利用计算机编程来导出删除法则的思路,并以8个同科电子体系为例,对程序结果进行了验证.该程序具有直接确定多个同科电子体系光谱项的优点,完善了删除法则.     

一般n阶特征量泛函的Euler-Lagrange方程及与定量因果原理、相对性原理和广义牛顿三定律的统一

本文获得了有各种相互作用的一般n阶特征量泛函,其耦合系数反映了不同特征量泛函之间的耦合强度.依据定量因果原理,导出了一般n阶特征量泛函的变分原理,获得了一般n阶特征量泛函的Euler-Lagrange方程,它的不同系数可拟合不同的物理现实,如从线性到任意n阶非线性物理系统,使复杂难解的任意n阶非线性物理系统变得具体可解.并获得了该对称变换下不变的m个的守恒量,以及它们之间的关系和统一描述.依据定量因果原理导出了相对性原理,证明了绝对加速参考系、牵连参考系和相对参考系的力都有来自加速度和质量变化的贡献.利用定量因果原理自然导出了广义牛顿第一定律和广义牛顿第二定律,而且还导出了一个新定律,即广义牛顿第三定律,亦即平移不变性系统合力为零定理.进而将研究结论应用于对银河系的修正引力势、分子势、夸克禁闭势等,且其结果与物理实验一致.     

Uniformity principle of temperature difference field in heat transfer optimization

The uniformity principle of temperature difference field is very useful in heat exchanger analyses and optimizations.In this paper, we analyze some other heat transfer optimization problems in the thermal management system of spacecrafts,including the cooling of thermal components, the one-stream series-wound heat exchanger network, the volume-to-point heat conduction problem, and the radiative heat transfer optimization problem, and have found that the uniformity principle of temperature difference field also holds. When the design objectives under the given constraints are achieved, the distributions of the temperature difference fields are uniform. The principle reflects the characteristic of the distribution of potential in the heat transfer optimization problems. It is also shown that the principle is consistent with the entransy theory. Therefore, although the principle is intuitive and phenomenological, the entransy theory can be the physical basis of the principle.     

二维光学传递函数测量

本文提出了一个应用Radon反变换测量二维光学传递函数的方法。文中讨论了测量原理,给出了实验结果。实验表明,这种方法在原理上和技术上都是可行的。     

On the Onsager Variation Principle and its Generalization for Nonlinear Irreversible Thermodynamics

The Onsager variation principle is examined from the viewpoint of the thermodynamic analogue of the D'Alembert principle in mechanics when the irreversible processes are linear and thus the system is near equilibrium. The thermodynamic D'Alembert principle is shown to be a precursor to the Onsager variation principle. The thermodynamic D'Alembert principle is then generalised to the cases of nonlinear irreversible processes occurring removed from equilibrium and a generalised form of the Onsager variation principle is obtained under some restricting conditions. The restricted variation principle so deduced has an accompanying exact differential form generalising the Clausius entropy differential (equilibrium Gibbs relations) and contains in it the essence of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes in systems where non-linear transport processes occur. An example is given for the nonlinear dissipation function in the variation functional. The evolution equations for fluxes are shown to yield those known in the literature.