热电偶定标实验仪器的改进研究

介绍了以单片机为核心,运用DS18B20数字温度传感器设计改造的热电偶定标实验仪器.该设计改变了原仪器的构造与温控方式,运用单片机和继电器模拟脉冲宽度调制(PWM)方式实现智能温控,提高了控温的精度和达到热平衡的速度.     

自动显微镜伺服控制系统的研制

研制了基于AT89C2051单片机的自动显微镜伺服控制系统。该系统采用分布式监控方式,由PC机经RS_232通信接口向单片机发送数据和命令,通过微控制器驱动控制环节和执行环节来实现显微镜载物台在X方向和Y方向上的二维运动(重复精度为±0.02mm),具有自动调焦(精度为0.5μm)和物镜的自动切换功能,能满足与医疗仪器主机配套的要求。该系统的研发不仅为显微镜的自动化作出了贡献,而且也将为提高我国显微镜的水平和行业的技术进步起到促进作用。     

基于单片机的SCPI命令解析模块的设计与实现

目前,可编程仪器标准命令(SCPI)已广泛应用于测试计量仪器的操作控制中;为提高SCPI命令解析模块通用性、灵活性,进一步简化仪器内SCPI命令解析、提高程控执行效率,采用ATmega128单片机,在单片机内将SCPI命令解析作为单独模块完成;单片机存储空间分为数据引导表区和数据存储区,采用孩子兄弟表示法建立二叉树存储SCPI命令集,通过遍历二叉树完成命令的解析;此解析模块具有解析速度快、可移植性好等优点,已经成功应用于某航天数据记录仪,并验证了其正确性和可靠性。     

基于STM32的矿山钻机智能监测保护系统设计

为了监测矿山钻机运行状态,提高钻探工作的安全性和效率;利用STM32单片机与安卓嵌入式系统,开发了一种钻机运行状态实时监测与保护系统;该系统由软件与硬件两大部分组成,以单片机为核心的测量电路(下位机)实现对钻机功耗参数(电压、电流、功率)和钻机容易出现高温部位,电机温度的测量。单片机串口将测得的数据发送至Android App(上位机)中实时显示,并完成数据处理与数据存储等功能。最后,软件结合钻机电气参数与电机温度参数,使用PID控制算法,智能管理钻机运行;该系统已运行于某钻探设备公司的钻机测试系统中,实验结果表明,该系统具有良好的性能,可以实时监测钻机运行状态与自动调整钻机运行,确保钻机处于安全的运行状态。     

声波测井仪总线测试接口设计*

为了快速诊断国产声波测井仪或其短节的工作状态是否正常,设计了可与仪器或短节相匹配的总线测试接口电路。针对国产声波类测井仪器的所用总线,设计了Tool control bus(TCB)、High local bus(HLB)、Tool model bus(TMB)、Controller area network(CAN)等总线测试接口。其中TCB、HLB、TMB总线接口在FPGA芯片EP2C20Q240C8控制下实现,软件采用模块化的结构设计;CAN总线接口由单片机C8051F500控制实现。利用了设计的接口电路板,仿真实现了TMB总线的从节点功能,可测试仪器主控短节的工作状态。     

使用光电传感器自制计数计时仪

本设计采用光电传感器作为计数装置,解决了传统仪器中激光发射器和接收器的调整问题,简化了仪器的操作步骤。同时选用51单片机作为控制核心,接收计数信号,处理按键信息,利用定时器计时,输出计数和计时结果到数码管进行显示。通过自制实验仪器,可提高教师业务能力,并减轻了实验仪器更新换代的压力。     

基于MSC1210单片机的衍射条纹采集装置

利用MSC1210单片机改造了衍射条纹采集系统，设计并制作了基于MSC1210单片机的光强采集和数字式位移测量系统，上位机采用LABWINDOWS／CVI软件编程，方便实用地完成了衍射条纹采集光学实验．     

混合动力汽车电机驱动系统监测与控制研究

通过串口通信实现混合动力汽车电机驱动系统的电池组电压、电流和加速踏板位置等信号的实时采集、处理和显示,并对驱动系统进行诊断;采用PWM(脉宽调制)技术控制电动机速度;上位机(PC机) 程序采用 Delphi高级语言编写,下位机(单片机)程序采用C语言编写。通过对系统调试与模拟仿真,表明所设计的系统有效和可行。     

X射线衍射仪功能扩展的研究

通过软件实现了用 Ｐ Ｃ 机调用日本 Ｒｉｇａｋｕ 公司生产的 Ｄ／ ｍａｘ 一类 Ｘ 射线衍射仪测量数据，利用 Ｐ Ｃ 机的复杂计算功能，使原有仪器也可以进行新的结构分析工作，扩展了仪器的功能。     

基于单片机的交互式智能实验仪器设计

介绍了以单片机为核心,运用多种传感器硬件和单片机软件搭配,设计出交互式智能实验仪器,该仪器能在使用中监测实验者的关键操作步骤,对实验过程中的操作错误进行实时提醒与反馈。本文以实验仪为例,给出了具体的设计过程与交互仪器的硬件框图及程序流程图。     

Proposal for loadable and erasable optical memory unit based on dual active microring optical integrators

A novel approach for loadable and erasable optical memory unit based on dual microring optical integrators is proposed and studied. The optical integrator, which can generate an optical step function for data storing, is synthesized using active media for loss compensation and a tunable phase shifter for data reading at any time. The input data into the memory is return-to-zero (RZ) signal, and the output data read from the memory is also RZ format with a narrower pulse width. An optical digital register based on the proposed optical memory unit is also investigated and simulated, which shows the potential for large scale data storage and serial-to-parallel data conversion. A great number of such memory units can be densely integrated on a photonic circuit for future large scale data storage and buffer.     

Information Architecture for Data Disclosure

Preserving confidentiality of individuals in data disclosure is a prime concern for public and private organizations. The main challenge in the data disclosure problem is to release data such that misuse by intruders is avoided while providing useful information to legitimate users for analysis. We propose an information theoretic architecture for the data disclosure problem. The proposed framework consists of developing a maximum entropy (ME) model based on statistical information of the actual data, testing the adequacy of the ME model, producing disclosure data from the ME model and quantifying the discrepancy between the actual and the disclosure data. The architecture can be used both for univariate and multivariate data disclosure. We illustrate the implementation of our approach using financial data.     

The DISCON Algorithm,an Accurate and Robust Alternative to an Eigenvalue Solution for Extracting Experimental Distances from NOESY Data

The DISCON algorithm is a novel, computationally direct, iterative solution for cross-relaxation rates that can be applied to a single NOESY data set without prior knowledge of the applicable motional regime or a structural model. Tests with simulated NOESY data demonstrate that it is less subject to error propagation from incorrect autopeak values than an eigenvalue solution. The resulting cross rates are fully corrected for secondary NOE contributions. The algorithm has been incorporated into a software suite that provides distance estimates and their experimental precision from raw NOESY data. Missing values in the data matrix are approximated as class averages of existing data rather than calculated values based on a starting conformational model; thus, more accurate initial distance estimates for modeling can be derived without a starting model bias. The accuracy of the program is demonstrated using NOESY data for a rigid steroid, Its application for conformational analysis is illustrated with a flexible prostaglandin analog.     

数据链组网与数据传输仿真技术

研究数据链系统中的组网与数据传输技术,对于构建自主的数据链系统以及数据链系统的测试、评估极为关键。同时,进一步验证所设计的数据链系统的有效性、理解数据链的主要功能与性能参数,为进一步研究与设计测控数据链技术奠定基础。对数据链系统及数据链组网与数据传输技术进行了分析,并简要介绍不同数据链系统的组网与数据传输技术的差别,在此基础上提出一种数据链组网与数据传输仿真系统方案,对系统的功能和工作过程进行了分析,为数据链的构建、测试及评估提供支持。最后,对数据链及其测试评估系统构建及发展趋势进行了展望。该研究在数据链测试仿真评估系统中的验证效果良好,从而为数据链系统的设计提供了参考和依据。     

A two-tail version of the PPS distribution with application to current account balance data

The double Pareto-positive stable (dPPS) distribution is introduced as a new model for describing countries’ global current account balance data. The dPPS distribution provides a flexible model for fitting the entire range of a set of current account data (both surplus and deficit), where zero and unimodality are possible, and the double-sided Pareto distribution is included as a particular case. Expressions for the cumulative distribution, probability density and quantile functions are given. An estimation method is discussed and a simple graphical method for studying the adequacy of the data to model is given. Finally, we consider the fit of countries’ global current account balance data for several years. The new distribution is compared with four classical models: Normal, Skew Normal, Asymmetric Laplace and Hyperbolic distributions. In all the data sets considered, the dPPS distribution outperforms the fits of these four distributions.     

Interpolating Strange Attractors via Fractional Brownian Bridges

We present a novel method for interpolating univariate time series data. The proposed method combines multi-point fractional Brownian bridges, a genetic algorithm, and Takens’ theorem for reconstructing a phase space from univariate time series data. The basic idea is to first generate a population of different stochastically-interpolated time series data, and secondly, to use a genetic algorithm to find the pieces in the population which generate the smoothest reconstructed phase space trajectory. A smooth trajectory curve is hereby found to have a low variance of second derivatives along the curve. For simplicity, we refer to the developed method as PhaSpaSto-interpolation, which is an abbreviation for phase-space-trajectory-smoothing stochastic interpolation. The proposed approach is tested and validated with a univariate time series of the Lorenz system, five non-model data sets and compared to a cubic spline interpolation and a linear interpolation. We find that the criterion for smoothness guarantees low errors on known model and non-model data. Finally, we interpolate the discussed non-model data sets, and show the corresponding improved phase space portraits. The proposed method is useful for interpolating low-sampled time series data sets for, e.g., machine learning, regression analysis, or time series prediction approaches. Further, the results suggest that the variance of second derivatives along a given phase space trajectory is a valuable tool for phase space analysis of non-model time series data, and we expect it to be useful for future research.     

一种基于单元型红外光谱辐射计的成像光谱数据获取系统设计

依据单元非成像型光谱辐射计的特点,提出了一种单元非成像型红外光谱辐射计的成像光谱数据获取系统.该系统采用在光谱辐射计前端加装扣描装置.结合同步控制器,实现光谱辐射计的空间扫描.利用光谱辐射计提供的接口,完成了采集获得的成像光谱数据的批量定标.该系统可达到500×500像素的空间分解能力,光谱范围667～5 000 cm-1,光谱分辨率为1 cm-1,空间视场角为150°,瞬时视场角为0.3°.将该系统应用于实际的场景光谱数据获取,通过对得到的实验数据分析和比较,说明本文给出的基于非成像光谱辐射计的成像数据获取系统,能够实现实际场景的成像光谱数据获取,能够满足实时性要求不太高的成像光谱数据获取.     

LAMOST-DR1中激变变星光谱的数据挖掘研究

LAMOST-DR1是郭守敬望远镜正式巡天发布的首批数据,其数量超过目前世界上所有已知恒星巡天项目的光谱总数。这为进一步扩大特殊和稀少天体如激变变星的数量提供了样本,同时也对天文数据处理方法和技术提出了更高的要求。针对LAMOST的数据特点,提出一种能够在海量天体光谱中自动、快速发现激变变星的方法。该方法使用拉普拉斯特征映射对天体光谱进行降维和重构。结果表明不同类别的天体光谱在拉普拉斯空间中能够得到较明显的区分。在使用粒子群算法对神经网络的参数进行优化后,对LAMOST-DR1的全部数据进行了自动识别。实验共发现了7个激变变星,经过证认,其中2个是矮新星,2个是类新星,1个是高度极化的武仙座AM型。这些光谱,补充了现有的激变变星光谱库。本文验证了拉普拉斯特征映射对天体光谱进行特征提取的有效性,为高维光谱进行降维提供了另一途径。在郭守敬望远镜正式发布的数据中寻找激变变星的首次尝试,实验结果表明该自动化的方法鲁棒性好,速度快,准确率高。该方法也可用于其他大型巡天望远镜的海量光谱处理。     

On multiplicity correlations in the STAR data

The STAR data on the multiplicity correlations between narrow pseudorapidity bins in the pp and AuAu collisions are discussed. The PYTHIA 8.145 generator is used for the pp data, and a na?ve superposition model is presented for the AuAu data. It is shown that the PYTHIA generator with default parameter values describes the pp data reasonably well, whereas the superposition model fails to reproduce the centrality dependence seen in the data. Some possible reasons for this failure and a comparison with other models are presented.