环糊精包结物包结比的测定

由于环糊精具有“外亲水,内疏水”的独特性质,它可以包结许多物质而形成主客体配合物,从而改变物质的特性,所以被广泛应用于各行各业中,包结物的包结比是决定包络物性质的一个重要参数,在查阅大量文献的基础上,总结出环糊精包结反应过程中测定主客体间的包结比的方法,并对其进行了较详细的介绍。     

pH值对3-羟基-2-萘甲酸荧光性质及其β-环糊精包结物生成常数的影响

研究了不同pH值3-羟基-2-萘甲酸的荧光性质，并用荧光双倒数法测定了3-羟基-2-萘甲酸与β环糊精包结物在不同pH值的生成常数，结果表明疏水作用和氢键对包结物的形成起重要作用。     

薄层色谱法测定大黄类药物与环糊精的包结常数

以环糊精的水溶液为流动相，聚酰胺薄膜为固定相，用反相薄层色谱法研究了大黄有效成份大黄素、芦荟大黄素与环糊精的包结作用，测定了包结常数，环糊精对大黄类药物有明显的增溶作用，且环糊精与大黄类药物有明显的增溶作用，且环糊精与大黄类药物的包结作用符合熵补偿规律，补偿温度为296．5K；通过熵焓补偿规律得出，大黄类药物与环类精的包结过程中环糊精分子结构发生了较大的变化，同时经历了适中的去溶剂化步骤。     

环糊精包结物的制备与研究方法

环糊精是由6,7,8个葡萄糖基构成的环状化合物,分别叫做α,β,γ-CD。它们具有亲水的外围及疏水的内腔,可与多种物质形成包结物,而改变物质的特性,因而被广泛应用于各行各类,为了更好地研究环糊精包结物,在查阅大量文献的基础上,总结出环糊精包结物的多种制备方法及研究方法。     

极谱法研究大黄酸-环糊精包结物

大黄酸是中药大黄中的有效成份，具有抗菌、止咳和抗肿瘤作用．近年来对大黄酸的研究日渐深入，其应用日趋广泛．由于其水溶性低，且对胃肠有刺激作用，导致生物利用度低，应用受到了限制．环糊精是由葡萄糖基以１，４糖甘键连成的中空筒状化合物，具有疏水的内腔和亲水的外表面，可有效地包结各种客体分子，从而能改变客体分子的状态、稳定性、溶解度等理化特性［１］，文献曾经报道β＿环糊精与药物形成包结物，可提高溶解度［２］及降低对胃的刺激性［３］．近来用电化学方法研究环糊精的报道日渐增多［４，５］．本文用极谱法研究了β＿…     

相溶解度法研究芦荟大黄素和环糊精及其衍生物的包结作用

本文用相溶解度法研究了芦荟大黄素与β－环糊精（ＣＤ）衍生物的包结作用,测定了包结物的包结常数,表明β－ＣＤ衍生物对芦蔡大黄素有较好的增溶作用,有应用价值。     

β-环糊精衍生物与萘系衍生物包结稳定常数的传感法测定

以自组装方式在石英晶体谐振器（QCR）的金电极表面修饰末端含巯基的β－环糊精衍生物（β－CDd），用压电石英传感器在线监测萘系衍生物与之发生包结反应的过程，探讨了温度、浓度、取代基数目和位置对包结配合物稳定常数（Kin）的影响，从理论上并从实验证明了Kin所遵从的关系式；结果表明，所形成的包结配合物的化学计量均为1：1，包结配位反应过程符合Langmuir吸附模型；β－环糊精衍生物对客体分子大小、取代基数目和位置等都有良好的选择区分功能。     

乙酰基二茂铁呋喃甲酰腙与β-环糊精包结物的结构与特性

用饱和溶液法制备了二茂铁酰腙类化合物乙酰基二茂铁呋喃甲酰腙 (AFH)与β-环糊精的包结物 .元素分析及溶解常数测定结果证明两者形成了 1∶ 1包结物 .从溶解度曲线计算得出包合常数为2 2 7.3 L·mol-1.通过 UV,FTIR,X射线粉末衍射研究了包结特性 ,并用 NMR技术推断了包结物的结构     

以环糊精包结物为敏感膜的钙离子选择电极研究

以聚合β 环糊精包结2 (5 溴 2 吡啶偶氮) 5 二乙氨基苯酚(5 Br PADAP)为修饰剂,对碳糊电极进行修饰,于Ca2 溶液中活化后,对钙产生灵敏电位响应。响应线性范围为1.0×10-1～4.0×10-4mol L,响应斜率为-18.37 pCa,响应时间为30～60s,检出限为2.2×10-4mol L,溶液中常见离子不干扰。已应用于水样中钙的测定。     

Spectroscopic Study of the Inclusion Complexes of Phenylbutazone and Oxyphenbutazone with Cyclodextrins in Polar Reaction Media

The formation of inclusion complexes of -, -, hydroxypropyl-- (HP--) and -cyclodextrins with phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone has been studied in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.5 and 0.1 mol dm^-3 NaCl), dimethylsulfoxide, and 25, 50 and 75% dimethylsulfoxide/water mixtures. These complexation reactions have been followed by UV electronic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, 1D and 2D ¹H NMR spectra were recorded to obtain structural information about the inclusion complexes formed in solution; 136 binding constant values were determined at five different temperatures (288, 293, 298, 303 and 310 K) from the electronic absorption data and, from these H_binding and S_binding values were obtained. At the studied cyclodextrin and guest concentration ranges, 1 : 1 inclusion complexes were detected. Only in three cases were 1 : 2 complexes detected, those of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone with -cyclodextrin in aqueous, and oxyphenbutazone with hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin in 75% dimethylsulfoxide/water solutions.     

Fluorescent Vesicular Particles Assembled by Inclusion Complexes Between Cyclodextrins and BPB

Vesicular particles based on inclusion complexes between BPB and γ-HB-β-CDs were prepared and characterized for the first time. The morphologies and sizes were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Particularly, these vesicular particles exhibiting clearly fluorescent dots observed by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) could be alternative candidates as fluorescent probes and labels being applied to cellular staining, labeling, bio-mimicking and drug delivery. The ultraviolet, fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements confirmed the existence of stable 1:1 BPB-γ-HB-β-CD complexes in the system. The vesicular particles were assumed to be constructed by orderly self-aggregates of these inclusion complexes.     

Melatonin/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: A Review

Melatonin (MLT) is involved in many functions of the human body, mainly in sleeping-related disorders. It also has anti-oxidant potential and has been proven very effective in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders (SAD), which afflict some people during short winter days. Melatonin has been implicated in a range of other conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and other neurological conditions, and in certain cancers. Its poor solubility in water leads to an insufficient absorption that led scientists to investigate MLT inclusion in cyclodextrins (CDs), as inclusion of drugs in CDs is a way of increasing the solubility of many lipophilic moieties with poor water solubility. The aim of this review is to gather all the key findings on MLT/CD complexes. The literature appraisal concluded that MLT inclusion leads to a 1:1 complex with the majority of CDs and increases the solubility of the hormone. The interactions of MLT with CDs can be studied by a variety of techniques, such as NMR, FT-IR, XRD and DCS. More importantly, the in vivo experiments showed an increase in the uptake of MLT when included in a CD.     

Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectroscopic Investigation of Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with 4-Nitrophenol and Benzoic Acid

Mixtures of -, -, and -cyclodextrins and 4-nitrophenol (or benzoic acid) were investigated by means of fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy. In the gas phase, inclusion complexes of -, , and -cyclodextrins with 4-nitrophenolate and benzoate, which have a 1 : 1 cyclodextrin–guest stoichiometry, were observed in negative-ion mode. In addition, guest anions, clusters of two and three guest molecules, and guest–matrix complexes were observed.     

基于环糊精包结络合作用的大分子自组装

本文综述了基于环糊精包结络合作用的大分子自组装的研究进展,包括：（1) 线型、梳型、多臂星型或超支化聚合物与环糊精或其二聚体自组装形成多聚轮烷（分子项链）、多聚准轮烷、双多聚（准）轮烷、分子管、双分子管、超分子凝胶及其应用;（2）桥联环糊精与桥联客体分子自组装制备线型或超支化超分子聚合物;（3）温度、pH值、光及客体分子刺激响应智能体系; （4) 通过亲水性的环糊精线型均聚物与含金刚烷的疏水性聚合物之间的包结络合作用来制备高分子胶束及其空心球等。     

Evidence of Ternary Inclusion Complexes Formation Using Factorial Design and Determination of Their Formation Constant

Evidence of the interaction among the [PbAc]⁺ and[PbEDTA]^-2 with the -cyclodextrin (-CD)is shown, using a 2⁴ factorial design. The factors used werethe [Pb(II)], [-CD], [Ac^-] and [EDTA] concentrationsat pH = 6.2. The statistical results indicate that the changes inchemical response for these species are associated to theinteraction among these factors. Spectrophotometric andelectrochemical studies were undertaken to assess the interactions.The equilibrium constants for inclusion complexes were determinedFor -CD-[PbAc]⁺ and -CD-[PbEDTA]^-2.     

Formation of Inclusion Complexes between Cyclodextrins and Carbaryl and Characterization of the Complexes

The solubility of carbaryl increased with increasing concentrations of-CD, G₂--CD, and M--CD. The result suggests theformation of soluble inclusion complex. Solubility increase was highestin M--CD-carbaryl, being 18.4 fold higher than that of carbaryl when 100 mM M--CD was used. The apparent formation constant for the complex calculated from phase solubility diagram was 223.18 M^-1. The preparation of the complex in solid form for characterization was successful by kneading andfreeze-drying. The DSC curves for kneading and freeze-drying mixture didnot show the endothermic peak characteristic of carbaryl, but a small new endothermic peak was observed. FTIR analysis showed a shift of the major peak of carbonyl group in carbaryl molecule from 1717 to 1744 and 1734 cm^-1 in kneading and freeze-dried mixtures, respectively. M--CD-carbaryl complex demonstrated higher dissolution rate, higher thermal and UV stability but lower toxicity than its parent carbaryl compound.     

Study of Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Orange II

Inclusion reactions of - and -CD with Orange IIwere measured by means of a stopped-flow method and UV-spectra. The forward rate constants (k₊), backward rateconstants (k_-) and the equilibrium constants (K) for the inclusion reactions were determined. Theinclusion processes of CD with Orange II follow a one-step reaction mechanism. The value of the forward rate constantat neutral and alkaline conditions for Orange II binding to -CD cavity was large. This suggests that thenaphthalene side is partially included in the final complex form. In the case of -CD, only marginal differenceis shown.It is probable that inclusion covers the whole naphthalene group and part of the azo group as well,resulting ina small effect from the pH variation. The results show that the equilibrium constant at pH 7 for the binding ofOrange II to -CD is the largest because the included part of Orange II matches the cavity of -CD well.     

Physicochemical Properties and Complex Formation Abilities of Large-Ring Cyclodextrins

Large-ring cyclodextrins (LR-CD) are cyclic -1,4-glucanscomposed of nine to more than several hundred glucopyranose units. The firstdefinitive evidence for the existence of LR-CD with a degree of polymerization between 9and 13 was reported in 1965. That LR-CD study did not reveal anything that attracted attention. LR-CD with a degree of polymerization between 9 and 31 were isolated andcharacterized during the past decade, and so began to attract considerable attention. This mini-review summarizes the findings of LR-CD with regard to the potentialfor host-guest interactions and corresponding applications.     

Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with 4-Amino-1,8-Naphthalimides

The formation of inclusion complexes between 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides and cyclodextrins (CDs) was investigated. The naphthalimides used in the study were 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (I) and4-(2-phosphonoethylamino)-N-(2-phosphonoethyl)-1,8-naphthalimide,tetraethylester (II). The CDs employed were -CD, -CD, -CD, HP--CD, HP--CD andHP--CD (HP = hydroxypropyl). Evidence for complex formation was obtained from the changes in the fluorescence spectra of the dyes in the presence of increasing amounts of the CDs. The most striking changes were observed with HP--CD and HP--CD. Treatment of the data using Benesi–Hildebrand plotswas consistent with a 1:1 inclusion model. The determined stabilityconstants were (K_eq, M^-1): 106 (I:HP--CD, pH = 2.0), 193 (I:HP--CD, pH = 7.0), 113 (I:HP--CD, pH = 7.0), 155(II:HP--CD, pH = 2.0), 121 (II:HP--CD,pH = 7.0), 301 (II:HP--CD, pH = 7.0). It can beconcluded that compound I forms a more stable complex with HP--CD than with HP--CD. Compound II, on the other hand, forms a more stable complex with HP--CD than with HP--CD.