聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸/聚苯乙烯在水中的自组装及胶束尺寸的研究

利用动态光散射、透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯 b 聚丙烯酸(PS b PAA)与均聚物聚苯乙烯(PS)在选择性溶剂水中的自组装行为.由于均聚物PS与PS嵌段具有相同的结构单元,均聚物PS参与胶束的形成,和嵌段共聚物的PS链段一同组成胶束的核;在适当的均聚物分子量和含量条件下,PS b PAA PS可以自组装形成单分散的纳米胶束;通过改变体系中均聚物PS的分子量和含量可在较大范围内调变胶束的尺寸.     

氯甲基聚苯乙烯/硅胶复合微粒的制备与表征

采用"接出(grafting from)"方式,在溶液聚合体系中将苯乙烯(St)接枝聚合在微米级硅胶表面,制备了接枝微粒PSt/SiO2;使用新型氯甲基化试剂1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷,对接枝在硅胶表面的聚苯乙烯进行了氯甲基化(CM)反应,制得了氯甲基聚苯乙烯/硅胶(CMPS/SiO2)复合微粒.采用热重分析(TG)测定了PSt/SiO2的接枝度,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了其形貌;通过红外光谱法(FTIR)与佛尔哈德分析法表征了CMPS/SiO2的化学结构与组成.重点考察了各种因素对PSt/SiO2氯甲基化反应过程的影响规律.研究结果表明,CMPS/SiO2的制备不仅具有绿色环保的特点,而且反应容易控制.反应时间、溶剂种类与用量、催化剂种类与用量及氯甲基化试剂的用量等因素均会对该复合微粒的制备产生影响,如影响CMPS/SiO2的氯甲基化程度;抑制或促进已接枝的PSt大分子链之间通过Friedel-Crafts反应发生交联.若选用SnCl4为催化剂,以CH2Cl2为溶剂,在室温下反应10 h左右,可制得氯含量接近16 wt%(以接枝的PSt为基准计算)的CMPS/SiO2.     

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物 16.聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酰胺嵌段聚合物的合成和表征

采用聚偶氮酯引发剂,合成了聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酰胺嵌段聚合物(PSt/PAM)。考察了含偶氮基聚苯乙烯预聚物(pre-PSt)在1,4-二氧六环中引发AM的聚合反应行为,讨论了影响第二单体转化率和聚苯乙烯均聚物含量的因素。用元素分析、溶解性、红外光谱、DSC、TG和裂解色谱表征了PSt/PAM嵌段聚合物。     

钛酸四丁酯水解制备聚苯乙烯/二氧化钛核壳粒子及空心二氧化钛微球

通过无皂乳液聚合方法制备了阳离子型及阴离子型聚苯乙烯(PSt)乳胶粒,并对后者用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)进行了表面改性制得了乳胶粒表面载正电荷的乳液.在乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,分别使用以上3种PSt乳胶粒为核加入钛酸四丁酯制备了核壳型PSt/TiO2复合粒子.结果显示,仅在使用经KH550改性的阴离子PSt乳...     

pH值和前驱体用量对核壳结构PSt/SiO2复合微球结构形态的影响

首先通过无皂乳液聚合法制得表面含羧基、粒径为360 nm的单分散聚苯乙烯(PSt)种子乳液,并在EtOH/H2O混合介质中用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对其进行改性,制得表面含有活性硅乙氧基并带有正电荷的改性PSt乳胶粒,然后再加入原硅酸乙酯(TEOS)进行共水解与共缩聚反应,制备出了核壳结构PSt/SiO2...     

ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以α ,α′ 二溴代二甲苯为引发剂 ,CuBr/2 ,2′ 联吡啶为催化体系 ,制备了双溴端基的分子量分布窄的聚苯乙烯 (MWD =1 18) .再以此作为大分子引发剂 ,实现了甲基丙烯酸对硝基苯酯的原子转移自由基聚合 ,制得了分子量可控且分子量分布窄的ABA型嵌段共聚物 ,再经水解、酸化 ,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸 b 聚苯乙烯 b 聚甲基丙烯酸ABA型两亲嵌段共聚物     

聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段与接枝共聚物表面聚集态的研究

利用ATR单点全反射技术以及XPS(X光电子能谱 )测试方法对聚苯乙烯 聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段 (PS b PDMS)和接枝共聚物 (PS g PDMS)进行了研究 ,发现聚合物膜表面存在着有机硅富集层 ,PS b PDMS有机硅表面富集程度要高于PS g PDMS ,而且不同溶解度参数的成膜溶剂和不同极性的成膜介质对有机硅富集程度有一定的影响 .     

聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸/聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸氨基丙二醇酯二元胶束的杂化作用

用光散射技术和透射电镜研究了聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸氨基丙二醇酯胶束和聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸胶束在水中的相互作用.结果表明,壳层带有氨基和羟基的聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸氨基丙二醇酯胶束和壳层带有羧基的聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸胶束在水中可以通过胶束之间的链交换形成壳层结构致密的杂化胶束,温度的升高有助于胶束之间链交换的进行,并提出了形成杂化胶束的链交换机理.     

聚苯乙烯磁性树脂的合成及性能

用悬浮聚合法,将γ—Fe_2O_3加入苯乙烯和二乙烯苯(DVB)中可制得聚苯乙烯磁性树脂。本文详细研究了各种因素对合成的影响。实验制得一批典型树脂的磁粉含量为12.8％,粒度为80目。磺化后得到磺酸型阳离子交换树脂,其交换容量为3.22mmol/g—R。实验表明,该种磁性树脂有一定的磁化性能,且耐碱性较好。     

超支化聚苯乙烯-线型聚苯乙烯-超支化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯三嵌段聚合物的合成与表征

合成了超支化聚苯乙烯-线型聚苯乙烯-超支化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯三嵌段聚合物(HPS-b-LPS-b-HPMMA). 首先分别合成了带有炔基和溴的三硫代碳酸酯(ATC和BTC), 然后通过苯乙烯(St)的可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合, 制得端炔基和端基溴的线型聚苯乙烯大分子RAFT试剂, 然后将大分子RAFT试剂的溴末端转化为叠氮末端. 接着在大分子RAFT试剂存在情况下, 通过自缩合原子转移自由基共聚合(SCATRCP)分别制得端炔基超支化聚苯乙烯-线型聚苯乙烯(HPS-b-LPS)和端叠氮基超支化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-线型聚苯乙烯(HPMMA-b-LPS)两嵌段聚合物. 最后将两种两嵌段聚合物通过点击(click)反应偶合, 得到不对称的超支化-线型-超支化三嵌段聚合物HPS-b-LPS-b-HPMMA. 核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)结果表明, 所得产物分子量可控, 得到了预期结构的聚合物.     

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene Using a Bifunctional Initiator

A bifunctional alkyl halide, namely l, 2-bis(2′-bromobutyryl) ethane (BBrBE), was synthesized and used to initiate the bulk atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) at 110°C in the presence of CuBr/2,2′-bipyridyl. The narrow polydispersity of polystyrene (PSt) with precisely two arms could be synthesized. The initiate ability of the two active bromide functional groups at both sides of BBrBE for St and the propagation ability of the two arms were confirmed to be similar by the characterization of the individual arms obtained upon hydrolysis of the ester link between the core and the branches.     

原子转移自由基聚合制备聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-苯乙烯)时单体聚合顺序对嵌段效率的影响

采用原子转移自由基聚合研究了聚（ 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ｂ 苯乙烯） 嵌段共聚物的合成,实验结果表明,当先进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合,然后再进行苯乙烯的聚合时,得到了完全的嵌段共聚物;反之,如果改变单体的聚合顺序,则嵌段效率很低．用聚合物末端Ｃ—Ｘ（Ｘ＝ Ｃｌ,Ｂｒ） 键的断裂能对实验结果进行了解释．     

One‐step synthesis of hyperbranched polyethylene macroinitiator and its block copolymers with methyl methacrylate or styrene via ATRP

Block copolymers of hyperbranched polyethylene (PE) and linear polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with hyperbranched PE macroinitiators. The PE macroinitiators were synthesized through a “living” polymerization of ethylene catalyzed with a Pd‐diimine catalyst and end‐capped with 4‐chloromethyl styrene as a chain quenching agent in one step. The macroinitiator and block copolymer samples were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. The hyperbranched PE chains had narrow molecular weight distribution and contained a single terminal benzyl chloride per chain. Both hyperbranched PE and linear PS or PMMA blocks had well‐controlled molecular weights. Slow initiation was observed in ATRP because of steric effect of hyperbranched structures, resulting in slightly broad polydispersity index in the block copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3024–3032, 2010     

Tailoring of polymers by combination of ionic and radical controlled polymerizations

Poly(methyl methacrylate)s with terminal bromine atom, prepared by bromination of anionically polymerized MMA, were used as ATRP macroinitiators giving di- and triblock copolymers with MMA, styrene and butyl acrylate blocks. Multifunctional ATRP macroinitiators were synthesized by introducing bromomethyl or 2-bromoacyloxy groups onto the main chain of polystyrene or poly(4-methyl styrene) and used for ATRP grafting of tert-butyl acrylate leading to densely grafted copolymers with more or less uniform grafts.     

Low molar mass poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) amphiphilic block copolymers: synthesis and characterization

Low molar mass (∼ 4000) di- and triblock copolymers of styrene and tert-butyl acrylate were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in bulk and solution conditions. A CuBr/N, N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) catalyst system in conjunction with an alkyl-halide initiator were used to control the synthesis of the polystyrene macroinitiator and the subsequent copolymerization with tert-butyl acrylate. Hydrolysis of the tert-butyl acrylate blocks to acrylic acid blocks in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid resulted in the formation of an amphiphilic block copolymer. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight - mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to determine the molar mass and molar mass distribution of the polystyrene macroinitiators and the block copolymers. ¹H NMR was used to characterize the polystyrene macroinitiators and the block copolymers, and to confirm hydrolysis of the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) blocks to poly(acrylic acid).     

Synthesis of nitroxide‐containing block copolymers for the formation of organic cathodes

This contribution describes the polymerization of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl methacrylate by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Different catalytic systems are compared. The CuCl/4,4′‐dinonyl‐2,2′‐dipyridyl catalytic system allows a good control over the polymerization and provides polymers with a polydispersity index below 1.2. The successful polymerization of styrene from PTMPM‐Cl macroinitiators by ATRP is then demonstrated. Successful quantitative oxidation of PTMPM‐b‐PS block copolymers leads to poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy‐4‐yl‐methacrylate)‐b‐poly(styrene) (PTMA‐b‐PS). The cyclic voltammogram of PTMA‐b‐PS indicates a reversible redox reaction at 3.6 V (vs. Li⁺/Li). Such block copolymers open new opportunities for the formation of functional organic cathode materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

SYNTHESIS OF TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS OF STYRENE AND ISOPRENE BY A NITROXIDE-MEDIATED LIVING FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

The controlled free radical polymerization of styrene and isoprene initiated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) at 125 ℃ were performed. The obtained polyisoprene and polystyrene homopolymers served as macroinitiators for block copolymerization of isoprene and styrene to synthesize poly(styrene-b-isoprene) and poly(isoprene-b-styrene) diblock copolymers. Diblock copolymers with well-defined structures as well as controlled and narrow molecular weight distribution wereobtained from the lower-mass polystyrene and polyisoprene homopolymers. These copolymers were found to be active as macroinitiators in the synthesis of the poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) and poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-isoprene) triblock copolymers. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used for the investigation of polymer strucmre, molecular weight and polydispersity (PD).     

Combining atom‐transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization through bifunctional initiators derived from hydroxy benzyl alcohol—Preparation and characterization of initiators,macroinitiators, and block copolymers

A simple, one‐step procedure has been developed for the preparation of bifunctional initiators capable of polymerizing monomers suitable for atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). These bifunctional initiators were employed for making narrow disperse poly(styrene) macroinitiators, which were subsequently used for the ROP of various lactides to yield poly(styrene‐block‐lactide) copolymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of these block copolymers are interesting in that it shows a two‐step degradation curve with the first step corresponding to the degradation of poly(lactide) segment and the second step associated with the poly(styrene) segment of the block copolymer. This nature of the block copolymer makes it possible to estimate the block copolymer content by TGA in addition to the ¹H NMR spectroscopic analysis. Thus, this study for the first time highlights the possibility of making porous materials by thermal means which are otherwise obtained by base hydrolysis. The bifunctional initiators were prepared by the esterification of 3‐hydroxy, 4‐hydroxy, and 3,5‐dihydroxy benzyl alcohols with α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide and 2‐bromobutyryl bromide. A mixture of products was obtained, which were purified by column chromatography. The esterified benzyl alcohols were employed in the polymerization of styrene under copper (Cu)‐catalyzed ATRP conditions to yield macroinitiators with low polydispersity. These macroinitiators were subsequently used in the ROP of L ‐, DL ‐, and mixture of lactides. The formation of block copolymers was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), spectroscopic and thermal characterizations. The molecular weight of the block copolymers was always higher than the macroinitiator, and the GPC chromatogram was symmetrical indicating the uniform initiation of ROP by the macroinitiators. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 102–116, 2008     

Graft copolymers of polyethylene by atom transfer radical polymerization

Poly(ethylene‐g‐styrene) and poly(ethylene‐g‐methyl methacrylate) graft copolymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Commercially available poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) was converted into ATRP macroinitiators by reaction with chloroacetic acid and 2‐bromoisobutyric acid, respectively, and the pendant‐functionalized polyolefins were used to initiate the ATRP of styrene and methyl methacrylate. In both cases, incorporation of the vinyl monomer into the graft copolymer increased with extent of the reaction. The controlled growth of the side chains was proved in the case of poly(ethylene‐g‐styrene) by the linear increase of molecular weight with conversion and low polydispersity (M_w /M_n < 1.4) of the cleaved polystyrene grafts. Both macroinitiators and graft copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2440–2448, 2000