在乙醇水溶液中组装三维胶体光子晶体薄膜

近几年来，用垂直沉积法制备胶体晶体得到了人们的广泛关注。用乙醇水溶液为溶剂，用垂直沉积法制备了二氧化硅胶体晶体薄膜。用这种方法一次制备的样品厚度可达20微米以上，并且将较大微球组装成了有序性较好的胶体晶体薄膜。用扫描电镜（SEM）和光学方法检测了样品的质量和厚度。     

基于光纤的三维可调胶体光子晶体

用改进的垂直沉积法在光纤端面制备了高质量的SiO₂胶体光子晶体,经过烧结、固化构成胶体光子晶体-光纤结构. 用扫描电子显微镜确定了样品为面心立方密排结构,其密排面平行于光纤基底表面. 利用全光纤传感网络测试了该胶体光子晶体,反射峰中心位于845 nm处,与Bragg理论计算值符合很好. 将该样品浸入不同折射率的液体中,反射光谱的峰值位置随着液体折射率的改变而发生偏移,近似呈线性关系,实现了峰位可调. 对于不同浓度引起的液体折射率的变化,基于光纤的胶体光子晶体结构也能够很好地分辨出来. 关键词： 可调胶体光子晶体 2微球')" href="#">SiO₂微球 Bragg反射 光纤     

光纤表面自组装胶体晶体微结构的实验研究

利用自组装方法在普通单模光纤裸纤表面生长胶体晶体,采用自组装方法制备了一种新型的三维光子晶体微结构光纤。将单分散度小于2％的二氧化硅胶体微球超声分散于乙醇溶液,通过垂直沉积法在表面经湿法腐蚀处理的裸光纤表面组装胶体晶体。采用SEM对样品进行表征,胶体样品表面为六角密排列,晶体呈FCC结构,其（111）晶面平行于光纤表面。当微球直径远小于光纤直径时,在60℃温度下制备的胶体样品有较好的质量。     

采用溶胶凝胶协同自组装与光刻相结合的方法在反蛋白石结构薄膜中引入二维缺陷

采用溶胶凝胶协同自组装与光刻相结合的方法,在光子晶体反蛋白石结构中引入缺陷,通过溶胶凝胶协同自组装方法在硅片上垂直沉积胶体晶体复合薄膜,把BP212正性光刻胶均匀旋涂在复合薄膜上,通过曝光、显影等光刻工艺,把掩膜版图案复制在复合薄膜上,用此样品再次垂直沉积一层复合薄膜,使图案被复合薄膜覆盖.最后去除胶体微球与光刻胶图案,从而在反蛋白石结构中引入缺陷,用扫描电子显微镜对样品进行表征.分析了光刻胶图案对胶体微球排列的影响.     

通讯波段禁带胶体光子晶体的制备及实验参数研究

采用直径为700nm的二氧化硅微球,通过垂直沉积法在玻璃基片上制备了位于光通讯波段的禁带胶体光子晶体。研究了不同蒸发温度、湿度条件、干燥过程对样品晶体质量的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其形貌进行了观测。实验结果表明,在温度为65℃,相对湿度为70%,缓慢干燥条件下制备出的样品具有较好的晶体质量,晶体在大范围内保持了面心立方(FCC)单晶结构,其(111)面平行于生长基片。     

毛细管中柱对称类面心结构胶体晶体的光谱特性

用体积浓度为30% 的低分散二氧化硅小球悬浮液注入毛细管中自组织生长成胶体晶体. 实验测量了这种胶体晶体的透射谱. 测量结果显示这种胶体晶体的透射谱的柱对称性. 在垂直毛细管轴向的平面内，谱带结构不随光的入射角度变化，测得光谱在径向转360°保持不变. 在含毛细管轴的平面内，在与毛细管轴向夹角越小的方向，谱带越紫移；在垂直毛细管轴方向有最红的带隙. 测量得的光谱结果表明这种毛细管内的胶体晶体结构是柱对称的, 胶体晶体中密排面平行于毛细管的管壁. 另外，此柱对称的胶体晶体比低浓度制作的体心胶体晶体稳定. 这种轴向对称性的光子带隙特性将带来许多潜在的应用. 关键词： 光子晶体 胶体晶体 光子带隙 透射光谱 毛细管     

二氧化硅胶体球自组装光子晶体的研究

光子晶体由于具有光子带隙和光子局域等一系列优异的光学特性而受到了人们广泛的关注。由于采用胶体颗粒自组装法制备光子晶体制备工艺简单,所需要的费用也较低,因此已成为制备可见光至红外波段三维光子晶体的一种简便有效的方法。采用垂直沉积法制得了三维光子晶体薄膜,并用扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计对其显微结构和光学特性进行了详细的研究。结果表明,自组装薄膜在三维方向上都具有有序结构,其密排面平行于载波片的表面。制备的光子晶体薄膜具有明显的光子带隙特性,带隙中心波长为956nm。研究了带隙中心波长同入射线与密排面法线夹角之间的变化关系,其结果与理论值吻合得很好。     

光纤圆柱曲面基底胶体微球的自组装

以标准单模光纤包层的外表面作为基底,通过改进的恒温蒸发对流引导合理控制溶剂蒸发温度和液体表面下降的速度,使用垂直沉积法在其曲面圆柱型基底涂覆三维二氧化硅胶体晶体。单模光纤垂直插入二氧化硅胶体溶液中,处于圆形容器的中心,在毛细力的驱动下胶体微球在光纤外表面形成三维的胶体晶体薄膜。实验所用二氧化硅微球平均粒径为390 nm,晶体生长时间仅为12 h。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的表明形貌:确定了样品表面面心立方结构的[111]和[100]两种晶向排列,同时发现了[100]晶向之间有规律的[111]晶向排列的交叉图案。对胶体微球不同的晶向排列以及交叉图案进行了定性的分析和讨论。     

SiO_2胶体晶体自组装技术

介绍了垂直沉降法和旋涂法制备SiO2胶体晶体,并对两种方法制备的胶体晶体在宏观形貌、微观结构及光子带隙性质进行了比较。采用改进的Stober法在乙醇介质中合成粒径不同、单分散性较好的SiO2微球,用垂直沉积法和旋涂法制备出有序性较好的密排结构的SiO2胶体晶体。宏观照片表明,用旋涂法制备的SiO2胶体晶体经白光照射出现的光柱呈6次对称,而垂直沉降法制备的胶体晶体表面出现条纹。SEM分析表明,选用不同溶剂在同等旋涂工艺下制备SiO2胶体晶体,用乙醇和乙二醇混合溶液作溶剂制备出的SiO2胶体晶体质量最好。透射光谱表明,垂直沉降法所制备的胶体晶体在(111)方向具有明显的光子带隙性质,而旋涂法制备的胶体晶体则不明显。     

SiO2胶体晶体自组装技术

介绍了垂直沉降法和旋涂法制备SiO2胶体晶体,并对两种方法制备的胶体晶体在宏观形貌、微观结构及光子带隙性质进行了比较。采用改进的Stober法在乙醇介质中合成粒径不同、单分散性较好的SiO2微球,用垂直沉积法和旋涂法制备出有序性较好的密排结构的SiO2胶体晶体。宏观照片表明,用旋涂法制备的SiO2胶体晶体经白光照射出现的光柱呈6次对称,而垂直沉降法制备的胶体晶体表面出现条纹。SEM分析表明,选用不同溶剂在同等旋涂工艺下制备SiO2胶体晶体,用乙醇和乙二醇混合溶液作溶剂制备出的SiO2胶体晶体质量最好。透射光谱表明,垂直沉降法所制备的胶体晶体在(111)方向具有明显的光子带隙性质,而旋涂法制备的胶体晶体则不明显。     

采用溶胶凝胶协同自组装方法制备SiO2反蛋白石结构薄膜及其光学性质研究

研究了溶胶凝胶协同自组装制备大面积高质量SiO₂反蛋白石结构薄膜的方法. 向单分散的聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体溶液中添加SiO₂前驱物溶液,用垂直自组装法一步得到微球空隙中均匀填充有凝胶的 复合PS胶体晶体薄膜,在空气中烧结去除PS后得到SiO₂反蛋白石结构薄膜.通过对添加前驱物溶液比例、 自组装温度以及烧结温度等参数的研究,用不同粒径的PS微球制备了不同孔径的高质量SiO₂反蛋白石结构薄膜. 用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散谱仪对制备得到的薄膜样品进行显微形貌和成分表征,并测试了其透射光谱. 结果表明:溶胶凝胶协同自组装法制备的SiO₂反蛋白石结构薄膜大面积高度有序,孔径可以控制且选择范围宽; 薄膜的透射光谱带隙明显,带隙中心波长与理论计算结果相符.     

Fabrication of high-quality colloidal photonic crystals with sharp band edges for ultrafast all-optical switching

Application of the pressure controlled isothermal heating vertical deposition method to the fabrication of colloidal photonic crystals is systematically investigated in this paper. The fabricated samples are characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission spectrum. High-quality samples with large transmissions in the pass bands and the sharp band edges are obtained and the optimum growth condition is determined. For the best sample, the transmission in the pass bands approaches 0.9 while that in the band gap reaches 0.1. More importantly, the maximum differential transmission as high as 0.1/nm is achieved. In addition, it is found that the number of stacking layers does not increase linearly with concentration of PS spheres in a solution, and a gradual saturation occurs when the concentration of PS spheres exceeds 1.5 wt.%. The uniformity of the fabricated samples is examined by transmission measurements on areas with different sizes. Finally, the tolerance of the fabricated samples to baking was studied.     

Improving self-assembly quality of colloidal crystal guided by statistical design of experiments

A versatile and reliable approach is created to fabricate wafer-scale colloidal crystal that consists of a monolayer of hexagonally close-packed polystyrene(PS) spheres. Making wafer-scale colloidal crystal is usually challenging, and it lacks a general theoretical guidance for experimental approaches. To obtain the optimal conditions for self-assembly, a systematic statistical design and analysis method is utilized here, which applies the pick-the-winner rule. This new method combines spin-coating and thermal treatment, and introduces a mixture of glycol and ethanol as a dispersion system to assist self-assembly. By controlling the parameters of self-assembly, we improve the quality of colloidal crystal and reduce the effect of noise on the experiment. To our best knowledge, we are first to pave this path to harvest colloidal crystals.Importantly, a theoretical analysis using an energy landscape base on our process is also developed to provide insights into the PS spheres' self-assembly.     

Magnetic multilayers on nanosphere arrays with various curvature radius

[Co/Pt]_n multilayers with different Co thickness have been deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate to obtain better perpendicular anisotropy. The 0.5 nm thickness of the Co layer was chosen as the optimized thickness of the multilayer. Magnetic nanostructures with cap configuration were fabricated based on the template of polystyrene (PS) colloid sphere arrays with various curvature radius. Compared to the flat multilayer, the cap multilayer showed an oblique average anisotropy axis. When the curvature radius of the colloidal sphere increased, the shape of the multilayers changed from ellipsoidal to spherical, which led to a different dependence of magnetic properties on the field angles. The varying shape anisotropy, the dipole-dipole interaction between small magnetic caps, and the special nucleation mechanism on the spheres larger than 400 nm caused the M_r/M_s ratio and the coercivity to first increase and then decrease with varying curvature radius of the PS spheres.     

Gold nanostructures on chemically reinforced PDMS microwell arrays

This paper describes a facile strategy for fabricating arrays of two- and three-dimensional gold nanostructures using PDMS-infiltrated polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystals. PDMS molding of colloidal crystal, gold vapor deposition, and subsequent calcination of PS produced gold thin layers over hexagonal PDMS microwell arrays with hemispherical air-voids of approximately 140 nm on glass substrates. Vapor deposition of perfluoroalkylsilane thin layers improved the thermal stability of the colloidal template over 100 °C, providing a route to preparation of hollow architectures with gold thin layers supported by PDMS nanostructures. Surface modification of the PDMS using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) induced two-dimensional colloidal crystals of PS and PMMA spheres through electrostatic interactions. Particle aggregation of 13 nm gold nanoparticles in the PDMS microwells demonstrated a surface plasmon resonance band red-shifted to 810 nm, in comparison with that on the flat surface at 720 nm.     

FCC结构胶体光子晶体的制备及其带隙特性测量

基于对光纤传输特性和胶体光子晶体制备方法的研究,提出了用外加电场控制的方法制备光子带隙位于通讯波段的FCC结构的胶体光子晶体,并用光纤系统测试胶体光子晶体的带隙特性.采用RSOFT模拟了胶体光子晶体的带隙,分析了带隙位于通讯波段时所需的胶体微球的基本参量(微球折射率和直径).采用自组装的方法,用步进电机控制玻璃基片向上的拉升速率.速率为5 μm/s,同时外加一电场.用扫描电镜观测胶体晶体的表面形貌,并设计了单模光纤系统测量胶体光子晶体的带隙特性.测试的透射谱线表明胶体光子晶体的带隙中心波长为1552 nm.测试结果和模拟结果具有很好的一致性,误差只有2 nm.     

亚微米聚苯乙烯微球在气-液界面组装的机理研究

系统地研究了亚微米聚苯乙烯微球在气-液界面的组装机理.聚苯乙烯微球在介质对流的带动下会到达悬浮液的表面并在气-液界面组装，气-液界面处聚苯乙烯微球间由弯液面产生的毛细管力是组装的推动力.界面处聚苯乙烯微球在干燥过程中其润湿性发生了转变，由完全润湿到部分润湿并最终变成不润湿，相应的聚苯乙烯微球与分散介质间接触角也逐渐增大.研究表明，只有接触角达到或超过某数值θ′_critical时，才能够出现气-液界面组装现象.考虑到PS胶粒晶体的表面是“规则”粗糙的表面，由Wenzel公式知θ′_critical大于测量值θ＝22°.聚苯乙烯微球润湿性的转变是界面组装发生和持续进行的关键性因素. 关键词： 自组装 胶粒晶体 聚苯乙烯微球 润湿性     

亚微米聚苯乙烯微球在气-液界面组装的机理研究

系统地研究了亚微米聚苯乙烯微球在气-液界面的组装机理.聚苯乙烯微球在介质对流的带动下会到达悬浮液的表面并在气-液界面组装，气-液界面处聚苯乙烯微球间由弯液面产生的毛细管力是组装的推动力.界面处聚苯乙烯微球在干燥过程中其润湿性发生了转变，由完全润湿到部分润湿并最终变成不润湿，相应的聚苯乙烯微球与分散介质间接触角也逐渐增大.研究表明，只有接触角达到或超过某数值θ′_critical时，才能够出现气-液界面组装现象.考虑到PS胶粒晶体的表面是“规则”粗糙的表面，由Wenzel公式知θ′_critical大于测量值θ＝22°.聚苯乙烯微球润湿性的转变是界面组装发生和持续进行的关键性因素. 关键词： 自组装 胶粒晶体 聚苯乙烯微球 润湿性     

Synthesis of PS colloidal crystal templates and ordered ZnO porous thin films by dip-drawing method

Polystyrene spheres (PS) were synthesized by an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization technique and the PS colloidal crystal templates were assembled orderly on clean glass substrates by dip-drawing method from emulsion of PS. Porous ZnO thin films were prepared by filling the ZnO sol into the spaces among the close-packed PS templates and then annealing to remove the PS templates. The effects of ZnO precursor sol concentration and dipping time in sol on the porous structure of the thin films were studied. The results showed an ordered ZnO porous thin film with designed pore size that depended on the sol concentration and PS size could be obtained. And the shrinkage of pore diameter was about 30-43%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the thin film was wurtzite structure. The transmittance spectrum showed that optical transmittance decreased with the decrease of wavelength, but kept above 80% optical transmittances beyond the wavelength of 550 nm. Optical band gap of the porous ZnO thin film (fired at 500 °C) was 3.22 eV.