基于遗传神经网络算法的海面风速反演新方法

针对海面运动的复杂性、海面电磁散射理论模型的局限性以及利用SAR图像反演海面风速存在的非线性现象,基于遗传神经网络的方法,以业务化的CMOD4模式函数数据为基础,采用Fletcher-Reeves算法的变梯度反向传播算法,建立一种SAR风速反演的新模型。试验结果表明,利用遗传神经网络方法反演海面风速是可行的,当随机误差小于10%时,模型的抗噪能力较强,风速反演的精度较为理想。比较不同风速下的反演结果可以发现,在中、小风速的情况下,模型的抗噪能力较强,模型学习拟合和预测检验的精度相对较高;在大风速的情况下,模型的反演能力有待于进一步提高。     

基于卫星测高技术的浙江近海平均海面高模型建立

利用Jason-2卫星与SARAL/Alti Ka卫星的Waveform数据,研究一种新的测高数据粗差剔除方法,即剔除不在预定轨迹的海面高后,参考拟合各Pass每个Cycle的海面高值,对测高数据分段剔除粗差,以提高近海卫星数据的可用性;经过交叉点平差,进一步削弱径向轨道误差和海平面时变信号;采用"移去-恢复"法得到较高精度的离散海面高;采用径向基函数法格网化离散海面高,建立2.5'×2.5'格网分辨率的平均海面高模型;将所得模型与验潮站提供的海面高比较,均方根为±0.017 m,与MSS-CNES-CLS11比较,标准差为±0.070 m。研究结果表明,采用本文方法建立的浙江近海平均海面高模型精度可靠。     

风速与波高对单跨高架栈桥位移响应的影响

为考察不同风速、波高时高架栈桥在风浪耦合作用下的位移特性,采用分离涡方法和任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法(ALE arbitrary lagrangian eulerian)求解栈桥系统的流固耦合位移响应.结果表明:风对栈桥所受风浪耦合荷载大小影响较大,高架栈桥的位移随风速增加而增大.波浪主要增加栈桥的往复振荡,同时,波浪对桥...     

热带印度洋海面温度与高度的相关性分析

基于海面温度与海面高度异常的月均数据,采用EOF、SVD和功率谱分析等方法,对热带印度洋海面温度与海面高度进行特征分析,研究两者在时空结构上的相关性。利用EOF方法分析出海面温度第二模态与海面高度第一模态的空间结构类似,呈现偶极型。相关分析与功率谱表明,两模态的时间序列存在滞后相关和类似的周期结构。SVD结果显示,第一耦合模态的相关系数达0.7左右,且左右场的空间形态呈现东西反相。这表明,海面高度偶极型与海面温度的单极型和偶极型存在着相关。同时,海面高度指数也表现与偶极子指数类似的结构特征。针对上述诊断分析事实特征,对海面温度和海面高度偶极子形成的物理机制进行了初步分析,总结了前人所做的一些工作,指出其中可能的影响因素。     

Removing the impact of wind direction on remote sensing of sea surface salinity

Sea surface salinity (SSS) plays an important role in the sub-polar area, where intrusions with low salinity influence the deep thermohaline circulation and the meridional heal transport. SSS fields and their seasonal and inter-annual variability are thus…     

北太平洋海面高度低频变化特征及其影响因素

为了解北太平洋海面高度年际、年代际变化特征及其影响,基于1961年1月至2010年12月的简单海洋资料同化(SODA)海面高度再分析资料,采用经验正交函数(EOF)、小波分析、交叉小波等方法研究北太平洋海面高度低频时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:1961-2010年期间,北太平洋沿岸地区和副热带海域海面高度存在明显上升趋势,而中纬度太平洋存在下降趋势;海面高度EOF第一模态为年际变化,呈东西反位相分布;第二模态为年代际变化,以黑潮主轴(约30°N)为界,呈"跷跷板"式分布;海面高度异常与Nino3.4指数在热带太平洋和东太平洋呈正相关,在西太平洋为负相关,且相关性随纬度升高而减弱;海面高度异常与太平洋10年涛动(PDO)指数在大洋中纬度海域显著相关,热带中东太平洋海域二者为正相关;北太平洋海面高度年代际变化和年际变化的主要影响因素分别为PDO振荡、厄尔尼诺/南方涛动现象(ENSO)。     

南中国海海表风速长期变化趋势

利用CCMP风场,计算了1988~2009年南中国海海表风速的变化趋势以及变化趋势的区域性差异、季节性差异。结果表明,1988~2009年,南中国海的海表风速整体上以0.038 6 m/(s·a）的速度显著性逐年线性递增;近22年期间,南中国海海表风速的变化趋势表现出较大的区域性差异,大部分海域的海表风速呈显著性逐年线性递增趋势,为0.03~0.15 m/(s·a）,呈显著性线性递减的趋势分布于台湾东部和菲律宾周边的一些零星海域,无显著性变化趋势的海域分布于南中国海12°N附近一带状海域、中南半岛东南海域一椭圆形海域;南中国海海表风速的变化趋势表现出很大的季节性差异。     

Application of ESPRIT in Broad Beam HF Ground Wave Radar Sea Surface Current Mapping

HF surface wave radar system OSMAR2000 is a broad-beam sea-state detecting radar.ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique) algorithm is proposed to apply in DOA (direction of arrival) determination of sea echoes.The algorithm of ESPRIT is briefly introduced first.Then discussions are made on the technique for application in the OSMAR2000 framework.Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of radial current mapping based on this method.The algorithm manifests significant performance and computational advantages compared with that of MUSIC.Data acquired by OSMAR2000 are processed to give radial current map and the synthesized vector currents are compared with the in-situ measurement with traditional means.The results show the validity of ESPRIT application in DOA determination for broad-beam radar.     

Temporal and spatial variabilities of sea surface heights in the northeastern South China Sea

Analyses of sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2001 measured by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite altimetry indicate that there are two energy highs of SSHA fluctuations on both sides of the Luzon Strait. The highs centered at (19.5°N, 119.5°E) and (22.0°N, 124.0°E) respectively, are separated by a low energy band in the Strait. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on the "Far Field" suggests that fluctuations of these two areas are mutually independent. EOF analysis on the "Near Field" shows that SSHA oscillation in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) is dominated by seasonal variations accompanied with significant intra-seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations. Among which, EOFI and EOF2 reflect 66.7% of the total variance. They are both seasonal but showing three months difference in phase. The basic pattern of EOFI appears to be the seasonal SSHA oscillation centered at (18.0°N, 119.0°E) northwest off Luzon Island, which shows maximums (minimums) in August/Septemb     

Mean sea surface heights of the South and East China Seas from ocean circulation model and geodetic leveling

The mean sea surface heights (sea surface topography) of the South China, East China, Yellow and Bohai Seas are derived from an ocean general circulation model and surface air pressure. The circulation model covers the global oceans, with fine grid (1/6°) covering the East Asian marginal seas and coarse grid (3°) covering the rest part of the global oceans. The result shows that the China 1985 National Altitude Datum is 24.7 cm above the mean sea surface height of the world oceans. The mean sea surface in the coastal ocean adjacent to China is higher in the south than in the north. Intercomparison of the model results with the geodetic leveling measurements at 28 coastal tidal stations shows a standard deviation of 4.8 cm and a fitting coefficient of 95.3%. After correction through linear regression, the standard deviation is reduced to 4.5 cm. This indicates that the accuracy of model results is sufficient for practical application. Based on the model results, the mean sea surface heights for the study area with a resolution of 1/6 degree are given. This result also links the mean sea levels at islands with those on the mainland coast and gives the mean sea surface heights at tidal stations in the Taiwan Island, the Dongsha Islands, the Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands relative to the China 1985 National Altitude Datum.     

Reconstruction and analysis of temporal and spatial variations in surface soil moisture in China using remote sensing

An ensemble method was used to combine three surface soil moisture products,retrieved from passive microwave remote sensing data,to reconstruct a monthly soil moisture data set for China between 2003 and 2010.Using the ensemble data set,the temporal and spatial variations of surface soil moisture were analyzed.The major findings were:(1) The ensemble data set was able to provide more realistic soil moisture information than individual remote sensing products;(2) during the study period,the soil moisture increased in semiarid regions and decreased in arid regions with anoverall drying trend for the whole country;(3) the soil moisture variation trends derived from the three retrieval products and the ensemble data differ from each other but all data sets show the dominant drying trend for the summer,and that most of the drying regions were in major agricultural areas;(4) compared with the precipitation trends derived from Global Precipitation Climatology Project data,it is speculated that climate change is a possible cause for the drying trend in semiarid regions and the wetting trend in arid regions;and (5) combining soil moisture trends with land surface temperature trends derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiomete,the study domain was divided into four categories.Regions with drying and warming trends cover 33.2%,the regions with drying and cooling trends cover 27.4%,the regions with wetting and warming trends cover 21.1% and the regions with wetting and cooling trends cover 18.1%.The first two categories primarily cover the major grain producing areas,while the third category primarily covers nonarable areas such as Northwest China and Tibet.This implies that the moisture and heat variation trends in China are unfavorable to sustainable development and ecology conservation.