The Z=Z(t/z)-Type Plane Wave Solutions of the Field Equations of General Relativity in a Plane Symmetric Space-Time

Taub (Ann. Math., 53:472?C490, 1951) has studied plane symmetry in Riemannian space-time by considering empty space-time admitting a three parameter group of motions. In this paper, we have deduced the line element of such a space-time for Z=Z(t/z)-type plane gravitational waves using suitable transformations following the concept of Takeno (Sci. Rep. Inst. Theor. Phys. Hiroshima Univ. 1, 1961), Lal and Ali (Tensor 20:281?C302, 1969). Furthermore it has been shown that the deduced space-time admit plane wave solutions of the field equations of general relativity containing electromagnetic terms. Also we have studied electromagnetic field except gauge transformation with particular cases with respect to ??.     

Covariant quantization of “massive” spin-\frac{3}{2} fields in the de sitter space

We present a covariant quantization of the free “massive” spin- $\frac{3}{2}$ fields in four-dimensional de Sitter space-time based on analyticity in the complexified pseudo-Riemannian manifold. The field equation is obtained as an eigenvalue equation of the Casimir operator of the de Sitter group. The solutions are calculated in terms of coordinate-independent de Sitter plane-waves in tube domains and the null curvature limit is discussed. We give the group theoretical content of the field equation. The Wightman two-point function $S^{i \bar{j}}_{\alpha\alpha'}(x,x')$ is calculated. We introduce the spinor-vector field operator Ψ _α (f) and the Hilbert space structure. A coordinate-independent formula for the field operator Ψ _α (x) is also presented.     

How does anticommutator\left\{ {Q_\alpha \bar Q_\beta } \right\} realize energy-momentumP μ in quantum supergravity?

It is investigated to what extent the well-known algebra \(\left\{ {Q^S ,\bar Q^S } \right\} = \gamma ^\mu P_\mu \) in the rigid supersymmetry theory holds in quantum supergravity: The anti-commutator \(\left\{ {Q_\alpha ^S ,\bar Q_\beta ^S } \right\} = \gamma ^m \tilde P_m \) defines an “internal” translation generator \(\tilde P_m \) , quite another from the “external” translation generatorP _μ. It is, however, shown that those two operators give the same matrix elements between any two physical states aside from a proportional factor. Such a “miracle” is caused by some particular properties of global gauge transformation charge universal in gauge theories. These properties are fully clarified in a general manner.     

Quantum deformation of compactified Minkowski space

The quantum GrassmanianG(2|0; ? _q ^4|0 ) of “quantum 2-planes ? _q ^2|0 in the quantum 4-plane ? _q ^4|0 ”, which provides aq-deformation of compactified complexified Minkowski space, is proposed. A quantum analogue of classical Plücker embedding of the usual GrassmanianG(2; ?²) into a non-degenerate quadric in ??⁵ is found.     

Differential calculus on the quantum superspace and deformation of phase space

We investigate non-commutative differential calculus on the supersymmetric version of quantum space in which quantum supergroups are realized. Multiparametric quantum deformation of the general linear super-group,GL _q(m|n), is studied and the explicit form for the \(\hat R - matrix\) is presented. We apply these results to the quantum phase-space construction ofOSp _q(2n|2m) and calculate their \(\hat R - matrices\) .     

Topological pomeron andA-universality

The nuclear mass number dependence of inclusive spectra of secondaries with different quantum numbers in the projectile fragmentation region is analysed. We note that in models with topological pomeron, all the particle spectra fall into two main categories. The first one comprises particles which have a common “valence” quark with the projectile, the second one comprises all the other particles built of “sea” quarks. Thus, in the parameterization \(x\frac{{d\sigma }}{{dx}} \propto A^{\alpha (x)} \) the spectra of all “valence” hadrons (p, n, Λ, π^+,0,?,K ⁺, ... in thepA-interaction) atx→1 can be characterized by the single exponent α_υ =α(x?1) which differs slightly from α _s characterizing the spectra of “sea” hadrons ( \(\bar p, \bar \Lambda \) ,K ^?, ... forpA-interactions). This observation is essentially modelindependent and follows only from the topological structure of the pomeron and Gribov's space-time picture of soft hadronic interactions. Deviations from universality due to preasymptotic corrections and coherent particle production processes are estimated.     

Entropic dimension for completely positive maps

We extend the concept of quantum dynamical entropyh _φ (γ) to cover the case of a completely positive map γ. Forh _φ (γ) = 0 we examine the limit $$h_\phi (N,\gamma ,\beta ) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_n (1/n^\beta )H_\phi (N,\gamma {\rm N},...,\gamma ^{n -- 1} N)$$ calling the turning point β₀ between zero and infiniteh _φ (N, γ, β) the “entropic dimension”D _N (γ). The application of this theory to a solvable irreversible quantum dynamical semigroup on a one-dimensional fermion lattice provides any value ofD _N (γ) between 0 and 1.     

Resonant dislocation motion in NaCl crystals in the EPR scheme in the Earth’s magnetic field with pulsed pumping

Resonant dislocation motions in NaCl(Ca) crystals under the simultaneous action of the Earth’s magnetic field B _Earth (～66 μT) and a pulsed pump field $\tilde B$ of sufficient amplitude $\tilde B_m $ and certain duration τ have been detected and studied. The measured dislocation path peaks l(τ) have a maximum at τ = τ _r ≈ 0.53 μs. The resonance criterion has been found to be the ordinary EPR condition in which the g-factor is close to 2 and the optimum inverse pulse duration τ _r ^?1 is used instead of the harmonic pump field frequency ν _r . The largest peak l(τ) height is reached at mutually orthogonal dislocation (L) and magnetic field (B _Earth and $\tilde B$ ) orientations. Pulsed field rotation to the position $\tilde B$ ‖ B _Earth significantly decreases but does not “kill” the effect. For dislocations parallel to the Earth’s field (L ‖ B _Earth), the resonance almost disappears even at $\tilde B$ ⊥ B _Earth. In the optimum geometry of experiments, as the pump field amplitude $\tilde B_m $ decreases from 17.6 to 10 μT, the path peak height l _r = l(τ _r ) decreases only by 7.5%, remaining at the level of l _r ～ 10² μm, and at a $\tilde B_m $ further fall-off to 4 μT, it rapidly decreases to background values. In this case, the relative density of mobile dislocations similarly decreases from ～90 to 40%. Possible physical mechanisms of the observed effect have been discussed.     

Some structural features induced by the space-time metrical fluctuation in the theory of gravitational fields

Under the assumption that the so-called space-time fluctuationy(x) in a classical sense, attached to each point of the gravitational field at some microscopic stage, is summarized as the metrical fluctuation in the formg _λκ (x)=g_λκ (x)·exp2σ(y(x)), some new physical aspects induced by the conformal scalarσ(x) (≡σ(y(x))) are found: By introducing the torsionT _κ ^λμ (x) from a general standpoint, the resulting micro-gravitational field is made to have a conformally non-Riemannian structure, where a special form ofT _κ ^λμ (i.e.,T _κ ^λμ =δ _κ ^λ σ_μ?δ _κ ^μ σ_λ(σ_μ=?σ/?x ^μ)) shows some peculiar features. An averaging process with respect toy is taken into account, by which the spatial structure of the corresponding macro-field is shown, in general, to have a somewhat “non”-Riemannian structure due to the contributions of the torsionT _κ ^λμ .     

On Particle Phenomenology Without Particle Ontology: How Much Local Is Almost Local?

Recently, Clifton and Halvorson have tried to salvage a particle phenomenology in the absence of particle ontology within algebraic relativistic quantum field theory. Their idea is that the detection of a particle is the measurement of a local observable which simulates the measurement of an almost local observable that annihilates the vacuum. In this note, we argue that the measurements local particle detections are supposed to simulate probe radically holistic aspects of relativistic quantum fields. We prove that in an axiomatic (Haag-Araki) quantum field theory on Minkowski spacetime, formulated in a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ , there is no positive observable C, with norm less than or equal to 1, satisfying the conditions: (1) the expectation value of C in the vacuum state Ω is zero, (2) there is at least one vector state Ψ in $\mathcal{H}$ in which the expectation value of C is different from zero, and (3) there exists at least one spacetime region $\mathcal{O}$ such that the non-selective measurement of C leaves the expectation values of all observables in the local algebra of that region unaltered regardless of the state the system is in. The result reveals a tension between intuitions regarding localization and intuitions regarding causality: to save “particle phenomena” in the absence of particle ontology, one has to feign “particle” detectors with “good” properties as to locality but “bad” behavior as to causality.     

Monotonicity of Quantum Ground State Energies: Bosonic Atoms and Stars

The N-dependence of the non-relativistic bosonic ground state energy ? ^B (N) is studied for quantum N-body systems with either Coulomb or Newton interactions. The Coulomb systems are “bosonic atoms,” with their nucleus fixed, and it is shown that $\mathcal {E}_{{C}}^{{B}}(N)/\mathcal {P}_{{C}}(N)$ grows monotonically in N>1, where ? _C (N)=N ²(N?1). The Newton systems are “bosonic stars,” and it is shown that when the Bosons are centrally attracted to a fixed gravitational “grain” of mass M>0, and N>2, then $\mathcal {E}_{{N}}^{{B}}(N;M)/\mathcal {P}_{\!{N}}(N)$ grows monotonically in N, where ? _N (N)=N(N?1)(N?2); in the translation-invariant problem (M=0), it is shown that when N>1 then $\mathcal {E}_{{N}}^{{B}}(N;0)/\mathcal {P}_{{C}}(N)$ grows monotonically in N, with ? _C (N) from the Coulomb problem. Some applications of the new monotonicity results are discussed.     

A modified large number theory withconstant G

The inspiring “numerology” uncovered by Dirac, Eddington, Weyl,et al. can be explained and derived when it is slightly modified so to connect the “gravitational world” (cosmos) with the “strong world” (hadron), rather than with the electromagnetic one. The aim of this note is to show the following. In the present approach to the “Large Number Theory,” cosmos and hadrons are considered to be (finite)similar systems, so that the ratio \({{\bar R} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar R} {\bar r}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\bar r}}\) of the cosmos typical length \(\bar R\) to the hadron typical length \(\bar r\) is constant in time (for instance, if both cosmos and hadrons undergo an expansion/contraction cycle—according to the “cyclical bigbang” hypothesis—then \(\bar R\) and \(\bar r\) can be chosen to be the maximum radii, or the average radii). As a consequence, then gravitational constantG results to be independent of time. The present note is based on work done in collaboration with P. Caldirola, G. D. Maccarrone, and M. Pav?i?.     

Approximate Lifshitz Law for the Zero-Temperature Stochastic Ising Model in any Dimension

We study the Glauber dynamics for the zero-temperature stochastic Ising model in dimension d ≥ 4 with “plus” boundary condition. Let ${\mathcal{T}_+}$ be the time needed for an hypercube of size L entirely filled with “minus” spins to become entirely “plus”. We prove that ${\mathcal{T}_+}$ is O(L ²(log L) ^c ) for some constant c, not depending on the dimension. This brings further rigorous justification for the so-called “Lifshitz law” ${\mathcal{T}_{+} = O(L^{2})}$ (Fischer and Huse in Phys Rev B 35:6841–6848, 1987; Lifshitz in Sov Phys JETP 15:939–942, 1962) conjectured on heuristic grounds. The key point of our proof is to use the detailed knowledge that we have on the three-dimensional problem: results for fluctuation of monotone interfaces at equilibrium and mixing time for monotone interfaces dynamics extracted from Caputo et al. (Comm Pure Appl Math 64:778–831, 2011) to get the result in higher dimension.     

Exotic Mesons with Hidden Bottom Near Thresholds

We discuss exotic meson spectroscopy near open bottom thresholds. Assuming the exotic mesons as ${B^{(\ast)}\bar{B}^{(\ast)}}$ molecular states, we study the interaction among two heavy mesons in terms of the one boson exchange potential model. It is shown that masses of Z _b (10610) and Z _b (10650) are reproduced as ${B^{(\ast)}\bar{B}^{(\ast)}}$ bound and resonance states. Besides, we also show that ${B^{(\ast)}\bar{B}^{(\ast)}}$ molecular states having various exotic quantum numbers can exist around the thresholds. By contrast, there are no ${D^{(\ast)}\bar{D}^{(\ast)}}$ molecular states having exotic quantum numbers.     

\hat sl(2) \oplus \hat sl(2)/\hat sl(2) coset theory is a Hamiltonian reduction of the \hat D(2|1;\alpha ) superalgebra

It is shown that $\hat sl(2)_{k_1 } \oplus \hat sl(2)_{k_2 } /\hat sl(2)_{k_1 + k_2 } $ coset theory is a quantum Hamiltonian reduction of the exceptional affine Lie superalgebra $\hat D(2|1;\alpha )$ . In addition, the W algebra of this theory is the commutant of the U _q D(2|1;a) quantum group.     

Vacuum condensates in supersymmetric gluodynamics

We analyse the restrictions imposed by supersymmetric Ward identities on the dimension-six condensates in supersymmetric gluodynamics. It is shown that the system of the Ward identities admits a nonzero value for the four-fermion condensate \(\left\langle {\left( {\lambda \sigma _\mu T^a \bar \lambda } \right)^2 } \right\rangle _0 \) while 〈f ^abc F _μν ^a F _νρ ^b F _ρμ ^c 〉₀ must vanish.     

Conserved-vector-current hypothesis and the\bar v_e e^ - \to \pi ^ - \pi ^0 process

Based on the conserved-vector-current (CVC) hypothesis and a four-ρ-resonance unitary and analytic VMD model of the pion electromagnetic form factor, theσ _tot(E _v ^lab ) and dσdE _π ^lab of the weak \(\bar v_e e^ - \to \pi ^ - \pi ^0\) process are predicted theoretically for the first time. Their experimental approval could verify the CVC hypothesis for all energies above the two-pion threshold. Since, unlike the electromagnetic e⁺e^?→π⁺π^? process, there is no isoscalar vector-meson contribution to the weak \(\bar v_e e^ - \to \pi ^ - \pi ^0\) reaction, accurate measurements of theσ _tot(E _v ^lab ) that moreover is strengthened with energyE _v ^lab linearly could solve now a widely discussed problem of the mass specification of the first excited state of theρ(770) meson. As a by-product, an equality \(\sigma _{tot} (\bar v_e e^ - \to \pi ^ - \pi ^0 ) = \sigma _{tot} (e^ + e^ - \to \pi ^ - \pi ^0 )\) is predicted for \(\sqrt s \approx 70 GeV\) .     

Integrable structure of conformal field theory,quantum KdV theory and Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz

We construct the quantum versions of the monodromy matrices of KdV theory. The traces of these quantum monodromy matrices, which will be called as “T-operators,” act in highest weight Virasoro modules. TheT-operators depend on the spectral parameter λ and their expansion around λ=∞ generates an infinite set of commuting Hamiltonians of the quantum KdV system. TheT-operators can be viewed as the continuous field theory versions of the commuting transfermatrices of integrable lattice theory. In particular, we show that for the values $c = 1 - 3\frac{{3(2n + 1)^2 }}{{2n + 3}}$ ,n=1,2,3 .... of the Virasoro central charge the eigenvalues of theT-operators satisfy a closed system of functional equations sufficient for determining the spectrum. For the ground-state eigenvalue these functional equations are equivalent to those of the massless Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz for the minimal conformal field theoryM _2,2n+3; in general they provide a way to generalize the technique of the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz to the excited states. We discuss a generalization of our approach to the cases of massive field theories obtained by perturbing these Conformal Field Theories with the operator Φ_1,3. The relation of theseT-operators to the boundary states is also briefly described.