关于“鱼洗”振动现象的探讨

我国汉代利用共振原理制造了“鱼洗”。这是我国汉代的能工巧匠创造的,不仅有很高的技术工艺水平,而且对共振现象已有了一定的认识。“鱼洗”是一个铸造的铜盆。铜盆边上有一对耳朵,只要用两手有节奏地在两耳上来回摩擦,产生共振时,则盆中的水面就会显示复杂的波纹。振动强烈时,好像鱼在盆里翻起荡漾的浪花,好似从铸刻在盆壁的鱼嘴中喷出水珠。     

从鱼洗到海啸

美国地球物理研究人员对2004年印度洋海啸成因提出了新的看法,即地震激起地球低阶球形驻波引发海啸,其机理分析与鱼洗喷水效应源自侧壁自激振动的物理机制类似.该分析物理图像清晰,有助于早期发布海啸预警.     

鱼洗振动频率的分析和测量

运用薄板中的弯曲波波速公式和驻波图像计算了鱼洗的固有频率 ,利用李萨如图测量了不同水深时鱼洗的固有频率 ,并定性解释了水深对鱼洗的固有频率的影响 .     

RESEARCH ON VIBRATION MODES OF THE CHINESE CHIME STONE

Nearfield acoustical holography is a powerful tool for imaging of acoustic sources. In this article, the basic theory treating steady-state acoustic radiation with generalized holography has been discussed. By holographic imaging, the vibration characteristics of irregular objects, the Chinese ancient musical instrument, the one-tone chime stone and the two-tone chime stone provided by the Institute of Archaeology, the Museum of Hubei Province, have been researched. The results show that the ancient chime stone has two main vibration modes, which make up the base of sound produced by the instrument. As for the two-tone chime stone, it is not so long and wide as the single-tone chime stone, but thicker and smoother than the single-tone chime stone. When it is excited at different positions, although it radiates sounds of different frequencies, its vibration modes are similar. This may be related to its dimensions and shape. The research is helpful for studying the sound producing system and the radiated field characteristics of the chime stone.     

RESEARCH ON VIBRATION MODES OF THE CHINESE CHIME STONE

Nearfield acoustical holography is a powerful tool for imaging of acoustic sources. In this article, the basic theory treating steady-state acoustic radiation with generalized holography has been discussed. By holographic imaging, the vibration characteristics of irregular objects, the Chinese ancient musical instrument, the one-tone chime stone and the two-tone chime stone provided by the Institute of Archaeology, the Museum of Hubei Province, have been researched. The results show that the ancient chime stone has two main vibration modes, which make up the base of sound produced by the instrument. As for the two-tone chime stone, it is not so long and wide as the single-tone chime stone, but thicker and smoother than the single-tone chime stone. When it is excited at different positions, although it radiates sounds of different frequencies, its vibration modes are similar. This may be related to its dimensions and shape. The research is helpful for studying the sound producing system and the radiated field characteristics of the chime stone.     

银片上茜素的表面增强共振喇曼散射效应及模式标识

本文对吸附在经连续的氧化 还原循环(ORC)过程处理的银片衬底上的茜素的表面增强共振喇曼散射(SERRS)特性进行了研究,并对茜素SERRS谱中的振动模式做了标识.结果表明,吸附在经氧化.还原循环(ORC)处理的银片衬底上的茜素分子,其表面增强喇曼散射的强度,主要是由于最靠近银片的一层分子的增强,而第一层以外的分子贡献很小.也就是说,表面增强喇曼散射具有单层饱和效应.茜素在经ORC处理的银片上和在银镜上所显示的SERRS特征基本一致,其中有些振动模式存在小的频移,这与银片、银镜各自的表面特性有关.     

用群论方法确定H2O的振动模式

用群论方法给出Ｈ２Ｏ分子的三种简正振动模式的数学表达式，并对有关计算作进一步分析讨论放补充修正。     

管外流诱导管束振动强化传热试验研究

本文提出了利用管外流体诱导振动实现强化传热的新方法.采用了一种新的传热元件-弹性管束,它对管外流体流动具有良好的振动响应特性.提出了正置三角柱脉动流发生装置,该装置可诱导起弹性管束一定频率的周期性振动,并对强化传热具有显著的促进作用.在恒热流条件下,对管外水流诱导振动强化对流换热规律进行了试验研究,得到了管外对流换热的准则方程式.     

受迫振动的能量共振

通过对受迫振动系统的功能，势能和总能量的分析，推证了受迫振动系统能量共振的频率，并对其结果进行了分析讨论。     

硅(111)面表面振动模

本文采用硅(111)面组成的平板结构模型,利用解动力学矩阵的方法,计算了不同层数体系的所有振动模。考虑到晶格弛豫后,该体系才可能存在表面模。由于表面模的激活,解释了Okada关于微晶硅的Raman峰向低波数大幅度移动的现象。同时利用杂化轨道理论计算了由于晶格弛豫引起的表面弹性常数的变化,从而得到表面模的频率为469cm^-1与实验中报道的硅的表面模频率430cm^-1接近。 关键词：     

用双、单摆振动示波装置合成欠阻尼振动实验研究

利用JGYW－2型双－单摆振动示波装置对两个相互垂直方向的同频率欠阻尼振动的合成进行了实验研究和理论分析，得到了欠阻尼振动合成的部分图形和表达式。当两个相互垂直、同频率、同振幅、位相差为π/2的欠阻尼振动合成时，振动曲线为等角螺线，从而揭示了数学上等角螺线的物理意义。     

振动流化床冷渣器试验研究

本文提出了冷却高温炉渣的振动流化床技术，研制了集连续可控排放和冷却于一体的新型冷渣器工业装置．采用物理性质相异法较系统地研究了冷渣器内宽筛分物料的停留时间分布．对气固两相流的空气动力学特性和热态运行工况进行了试验研究和理论分析．结果表明，在风渣比为1．5～2．5Nm3／kg时，冷渣器的热回收率达到85％以上．     

关于弹簧振子振动周期的讨论

本文讨论了在“简谐振动的研究”实验中，弹簧质量对振动周期的影响。推导出了弹簧的有效质量，得到与实验相符的振动周期公式。