Nuclear structure of proton-rich unstable nucleus ~(28)P studied by g-factor measurement

Nuclear structure of proton-rich unstable nucleus 28P has been studied by measuring its g-factor for the first time. The g-factor of 28P (Iπ =3+, T1/2=270.3 ms) was measured by means of β-NMR technique combined with the new polarization technique for charge exchange reaction product in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. The obtained g-factor of g=0.1028(27) is very much quenched from the Schmidt value, but is well reproduced by the shell model (+0.102). In connection with the magnetic moment of t...     

Nuclear structure of proton-rich unstable nucleus 28P studied by g-factor measurement

Nuclear structure of proton-rich unstable nucleus ²⁸P has been studied by measuring its g-factor for the first time. The g-factor of ²⁸P (I^π=3⁺, T_1/2=270.3 ms) was measured by means of β-NMR technique combined with the new polarization technique for charge exchange reaction product in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. The obtained g-factor of g=0.1028(27) is very much quenched from the Schmidt value, but is well reproduced by the shell model (+0.102). In connection with the magnetic moment of the mirror partner and the β-ray transition probability, the orbital angular momenta and intrinsic spins of protons and neutrons have been determined as 〈l_p〉=0.43(29), 〈l_n〉=1.85(29), 〈S_p)=0.28(4), and 〈S_n〉=0.44(4).     

q形变壳模型中奇A核的磁矩

将核磁矩算符定义为量子群SU_q(2)的一阶张量算符的形式.计算结果显示,q形变参数依赖于最后一个主壳层中的价核子数.在对满单j壳层外仅有一个价核子的奇A核磁矩值进行拟合后发现,在大多数情况下,较Schmidt值有所改进.     

Nuclear structure studies on halo nuclei by direct reactions with radioactive beams

The investigation of direct reactions with exotic beams in inverse kinematics gives access to a wide field of nuclear structure studies in the region far off stability. The basic concept and the methods involved are briefly discussed. The present contribution will focus on the investigation of light neutron-rich halo nuclei. Such nuclei reveal a new type of nuclear structure, namely an extended neutron distribution surrounding a nuclear core. An overview on this phenomenon, and on the various methods which gave first evidence and qualitative confirmation of our present picture of halo nuclei, is given. To obtain more quantitative information on the radial shape of halo nuclei, elastic proton scattering on neutron-rich light nuclei at intermediate energies was recently investigated for the first time. This method is demonstrated to be an effective means for studying the nuclear matter distributions of such nuclei. The results on the nuclear matter radii of ⁶He and ⁸He, the deduced nuclear matter density distributions, and the significance of the data on the halo structure is discussed. The present data allow also a sensitive test of theoretical model calculations on the structure of neutron-rich helium isotopes. A few examples are presented. The investigation of few-nucleon transfer reactions in inverse kinematics may provide new and complementary information on nuclear structure, as well as astrophysical questions. The physics motivation and the experimental concept for such experiments, to be performed due to momentum matching reasons at low incident energies around 5–20 MeV/u at the new generation low energy radioactive beam facilities SPIRAL, PIAFE, etc., is briefly discussed.     

基于不稳定核基本性质测量的原子核结构研究

精密激光谱学是通过测量核素原子光谱的超精细结构和同位素移位来研究原子核的基本性质,为原子核自旋、磁矩、电四极矩及电荷均方根半径的确定提供了一种模型独立的测量方式。这些原子核基本性质的测量,能够比较精确地描述原子核微观结构的演化。近年来,随着放射性束流装置的发展,产生远离β-稳定线的丰中子/丰质子核素成为可能,也进一步促进了高分辨和高灵敏度的激光谱技术更加广泛的应用。简单介绍了基于放射性核素超精细结构的激光谱学测量原理,并通过几个经典实例来回顾近年来激光谱学在原子核奇特结构研究领域的独特贡献。主要通过分析几个重要核区原子核的基本性质,结合大尺度壳模型、ab initio理论、密度泛函理论等,来探索丰中子核中展现出来的一些新的奇特现象,如晕结构、幻数演化、形状共存等。High-precision laser spectroscopy technique is used to determine the ground state properties of exotic nuclei by probing its electronic hyperfine structure and isotope shift. It provides a model-independent measurement of nuclear spin, magnetic moment, electric quadrupole moment and charge radii. These nuclear parameters can be used to investigate the nuclear structure evolution and the nuclear shapes. With the development of accelerators and isotope separators, exotic isotopes far from β stability became accessible experimentally, which enhanced the capability of the laser spectroscopy technique being applied in the field of nuclear physics. A brief introduction to experimental principle is given, followed by a review of several typical examples for the experimental investigations in the different regions of nuclear chart. This aims to demonstrate the contributions of ground state properties measurement by using laser spectroscopy technique to the nuclear structure study of exotic isotopes. This discussion involves several different nuclear theory models in order to interpret the exotic phenomena observed in the neutron-rich isotopes, such as halo structure, shell evolution, shape coexistence and so on.     

Study of the structure of unstable nuclei through the reaction experiments

Along with the development of the radioactive nuclear beam facility, the study of the structure of unstable nuclei has progressed rapidly over the last few decades. Due to the weakly binding property, the structure information of the unstable nuclei comes primarily from the scattering or reaction experiments. Therefore it would be very important to understand clearly the reaction mechanism involved in the experiment. We outlined here the major reaction mechanisms which are adequate to the study of unstable ...     

Nuclear magnetic resonance of Nb in LiNbO3: effect of structural distortions on lineshapes

The expression for the angular dependence of the first moment of the nuclear magnetic resonance central transition (± 1/2 ↔ 1/2) lineshapes of a quadrupolar nuclei with half integer spins in a disordered solid is derived and used for investigation of the structural distortions in LiNbO₃.     

Precise measurement of magnetic moment of short-lived β-emitting nuclei 12B (Iπ= 1+, T1/2 = 20.18 ms)

The spin polarized β-emitting nuclei 12B (Iπ = 1+, T1/2 = 20.18 ms) were produced by the nuclear reaction 11B(d, p) 12B and by the selection technique of the incident deuteron energy and the 12B recoil angle following the nuclear reaction. The nuclear magnetic moment of the short-lived nuclei 12B was measured by β-NMR with the β-NMR and β-NQR setup established for the first time in China. The nuclear magnetic moment of 12B was determined to be μ = 0.99993 ± 0.00048 nm or g = 0.99993 ± 0.00048 after the precise correction of the Knight shift.     

A Novel Penning‐Trap Design for the High‐Precision Measurement of the 3He2 + Nuclear Magnetic Moment

A new experiment is constructed aiming at the first direct high‐precision measurement of the helium‐3 nuclear magnetic moment with a relative precision of parts‐per‐billion or better. Methods similar to those used in proton and antiproton magnetic moment measurements are applied. As those techniques rely on the challenging detection of single spin‐flips, a novel Penning trap design optimized for nuclear spin‐flip detection is developed.     

1D and 2D solid state NMR investigations of the framework structure of As-synthesized AlPO4-14

The framework structure of As-synthesized A1PO₄-14 has been investigated with a combination of different one-dimensional ²⁷Al and ³¹P solid state NMR techniques and ²⁷Al/³¹P double resonance methods. The results are found to be fully consistent with the assumed structural model. ²⁷Al MAS and DOR experiments at three different magnetic field strengths together with simulations show the presence of two tetrahedral sites, one pentacoordinated and one octahedral aluminum site. The ²⁷Al quadrupolar coupling constants and the ³¹P isotropic chemical shifts of the tetrahedral sites correlate well with tetrahedral shear-strain parameters and mean P-O-A1 bond angles, respectively. These correlations allow one to assign all of the NMR resonances to specific T-sites in the proposed framework structure. The assignments are then further confirmed by the application of three different two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation methods (i.e., ²⁷Al → ³¹P TEDOR, CP, and INEPT) which reveal the connectivities between AlO_x and PO₄ polyhedra. The two-dimensional INEPT experiment is applied here for the first time in the solid state.     

Energy structure of Er-2O center in GaAs:Er,O studied by high magnetic field photoluminescence measurement

We perform photoluminescence measurement of GaAs:Er,O under a pulsed magnetic field up to 60 T and succeed to obtain the magnetic field dependence of three main photoluminescence peaks. We also estimate the energy splitting of states ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴I_13/2 using the crystal field theory. Theoretically calculated energy differences between the lowest state of J= and the lowest three states of J= are in good agreement with experimentally obtained energy of three main PL peaks. We discuss the local configuration around the luminescent Er-2O center. By using parameters in the crystal field calculation, our analysis suggest that not only O²⁻ sites but also As³⁻ sites adjacent to Er³⁺ ion are displaced from their original lattice positions.     

Calculation of properties of the ozone molecule by the multiconfigurational self-consistent field method

For the ground state of the ozone molecule, by using the multiconfigurational self-consistent field method, we calculated the electric and magnetic properties — quadrupole moment, polarizability, tensor of magnetic susceptibility, nuclear quadrupole interaction constant, and the rotational g-factor. Qualitative agreement between the calculated parameters and experimental values was obtained. The tensors of chemical shielding in the spectrum of the nuclear magnetic resonance for the ¹⁷O isotopes have also been predicted (without allowance for the contribution made by the spin of the electrons). __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 713–716, November–December, 2005.     

Analysis of the mechanism of photolysis of acetylpropionyl peroxide in acetone-d<Subscript>6</Subscript> by the NMR pectroscopy data

The photolysis of acetylpropionyl peroxide solutions in acetone at different temperatures has been investigated by the NMR method with consideration for the effects of chemical polarization of nuclei and the yields of the photolysis products. Acetylpropionyl peroxide decomposes when it is found in the binding or loosening triplet electron states. In the process of photolysis, acetone not only serves as the triplet sensitizer, but also effectively homologizes with the formation of methyl and acetyl radicals; however, it practically does not participate in the photoreduction.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 732–739, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

X射线光电子能谱与13C核磁共振在生物质碳表征中的应用

近年来,生物质碳(biochar)作为新型吸附剂被广泛研究。但由于制备biochar的生物质原料和热解温度的不同,使biochar的结构和组成存在差异,从而影响其对污染物的吸附。目前关于biochar的结构和组成的研究还不够全面。因此,结合了能谱与光谱分析的手段,对biochar的结构和组成进行了深入的分析。选取木质类(柳树枝条)和草类(水稻秸秆)作为原料,分别在不同热解温度(300,450和600℃)下制得biochars,并对biochars样品进行元素分析、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和固态13 C核磁共振(13 C NMR)研究,以阐明不同热解温度和生物质来源的biochars的结构和组成。结果显示:biochar的H/C,O/C和(O+N)/C的比值随着热解温度的升高而降低;草类biochar比木质类biochar具有更高的灰分含量和表面极性;木质类biochar的矿物主要分布在样品颗粒内部,其表面被有机质覆盖,而草类biochar部分矿物暴露在样品颗粒表面;13 C NMR显示低温制得的biochar主要由芳香碳、脂肪碳、羧基和羰基碳组成,高温制得的biochar主要由芳香碳组成,且低温制得biochars中,木质类biochars比草类biochars含有更高的木质素的残留碳结构,这是由于木质类biochars原材料中含有更高的木质素。     

P and N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of some monophospha-λ-azenes

³¹P Cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR) spectra of eight monophospha-λ⁵-azenes were measured at room temperature. Three of these compounds, with 2-OH substituents, are in principle capable of taking part in the equilibrium process. However, only the open form, tautomer A, is found in the present study. ¹⁵N CP-MAS NMR spectra support the results. The most shielded component of the ³¹P chemical shift tensor lies in the direction of the P=N bond.     

利用时域核磁共振研究脲醛树脂的固化过程

利用时域核磁共振(TD NMR)技术对无固化剂的脲醛树脂在不同温度下固化过程进行了研究,实验结果表明:脲醛树脂在120℃左右时开始固化,在180℃左右时固化反应基本结束.随着温度的升高,自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2)的总峰面积逐渐减少,当温度高于140℃时,总峰面积减少的程度较大.在30℃~140℃温度范围内,自旋-晶格弛豫时间T1(1)=0.014ms时,随着温度的升高,峰面积先逐渐减少而后略微增加;T1(2)=327.455 ms时,随着温度的升高,峰面积逐渐减少.在30℃~180℃温度范围内,自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T1)分布的总峰面积随着温度的升高而逐渐减少.在固化过程中,随着温度的升高,脲醛树脂体系的质量逐渐减少,说明脲醛树脂胶黏剂体系发生了缩聚交联反应,同时生成了甲醛和水.     

用单分子技术研究抗癌药物顺铂对DNA结构的影响

文章作者用磁镊与原子力显微镜研究了抗癌药物顺铂对单个DNA分子结构的影响.当顺铂浓度较低时,DNA链变得柔软,驻留长度从～52 nm显著缩短到～15 nm; 当顺铂浓度较高时, DNA表现出凝聚现象.基于单分子拉伸和原子力显微镜（AFM）成像两方面的实验结果,文章作者提出一个顺铂导致的DNA变软(softening)-成环(looping)-缩短(shortening)-凝聚(condensing)模型（简写为SLSC模型）来解释观察到的DNA凝聚,并认为通过远程交联使DNA形成小环结构是铂类抗癌药物作用的重要特征.     

基于低场核磁共振的抚顺油页岩孔隙连通性演化研究

油页岩原位注热开采过程中，储层内部孔隙结构的连通性直接影响载热介质的流动行为和传热效率，同时对油气产物的扩散和流动行为起控制作用.本文利用低场核磁共振（LF NMR）技术，考察了不同热解终温（23~650℃）处理时，饱和水及束缚水状态下抚顺油页岩的T₂谱，分析了可动流体T₂截止值、束缚流体孔隙度、饱和流体孔隙度、渗透率等NMR孔隙参数，定量研究了随热解终温升高，抚顺油页岩孔隙结构的连通性演化规律.研究结果表明热解终温对抚顺油页岩孔隙连通性及渗透率的变化起控制作用，且可动流体孔隙度对总孔隙度的增加起主要促进作用，这说明热解终温升高加大了渗透率及油气产物的输运能力.本文为深入认识油页岩原位热解过程中孔隙结构的演化提供了依据.     

用单分子技术研究抗癌药物顺铂对DNA结构的影响

文章作者用磁镊与原子力显微镜研究了抗癌药物顺铂对单个DNA分子结构的影响.当顺铂浓度较低时,DNA链变得柔软,驻留长度从～52 nm显著缩短到～15 nm;当顺铂浓度较高时,DNA表现出凝聚现象.基于单分子拉伸和原子力显微镜(AFM)成像两方面的实验结果,文章作者提出一个顺铂导致的DNA变软(softening)-成环(looping)-缩短(shortening)-凝聚(condensing)模型(简写为SLSC模型)来解释观察到的DNA凝聚,并认为通过远程交联使DNA形成小环结构是铂类抗癌药物作用的重要特征.     

Study of the neutron deficient 182–190Pb isotopes by simultaneous atomic- and nuclear-spectroscopy

Mean-square charge radii and magnetic moments have been measured for the neutron deficient lead isotopes, ^182–190Pb. The measurement was performed at the ISOLDE online mass separator, using the in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy technique. The wavelength of the first excitation step for the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) was scanned over the resonance(s) whilst the α- and γ-ray spectra from the decay of the Pb isotopes were recorded as a function of the wavelength. The isotope shift and, in the case of odd-A isotopes, the hyperfine splitting were deduced. The rms-charge radii of the very neutron deficient Pb isotopes follow the smooth trend of the heavier isotopes. This finding indicates a spherical shape for the lead ground states at the neutron mid-shell (N = 104), where the excitation energy of the oblate 0⁺ state in the even isotopes reaches its minimum.