Complete dynamical analysis of myocardial cell exposed to magnetic flux

The heart is the essential, yet complex, component of the human cardiovascular system. In the past few decades, researchers have taken giant steps toward better understanding of the cardiac system and there have been proposed some mathematical models to describe the heart's function. In this paper, a new Fitzhugh-Nagumo neuron (FNN) model is proposed to model the electrical activity of the heart in which the effect of magnetic flux is considered. Magnetic field can greatly affect the heart's function. The dynamical analyses of the model, including quantitative assessment of the system's equilibria and its stability, phase portraits analysis, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponents analysis, and basin of attraction analysis, are carried out. In addition, a model of cardiac tissue is designed to study the electrical spatiotemporal activity of heart tissue under the electromagnetic effects. Our numerical simulations confirm that the electromagnetic excitation can change the normal rhythm of the heart. It can initiate the reentrant excitations leading to emergence of spiral seeds. This study highlights the role of electromagnetic induction in dynamical instability of the action potential duration, and thus the chaotic dynamics in the cardiac tissue.     

电磁辐射诱发神经元放电节律转迁的动力学行为研究

本文首先根据能量转换理论建立了电磁辐射影响下神经元电流变量模型, 然后结合Hodgkin-Huxley(HH)神经元模型研究了电磁辐射对单个神经元以及耦合神经元放电行为的影响. 结果表明, 随着电磁辐射强度的增大, 神经元放电率逐渐减小, 最后达到一个比较稳定的值. 神经元原有的周期型放电由于辐射强度的增大而逐步过渡到簇放电状态, 并借助动态分岔理论解释了这种放电模式的转换. 同时证明了磁辐射对单个神经元放电的影响可以通过神经元间的耦合传递到临近其他神经元中.     

Effects of temperature and electromagnetic induction on action potential of Hodgkin–Huxley model

Based on an improved the Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) neuron model which is driven by the electromagnetic induction, the effects of temperature and electromagnetic induction on the action potential of neuron are investigated by numerical computations. It is very interesting that, under the fixed condition of electromagnetic induction, there is a region for the electrical activity of neuron in the external current and temperature parameters plane, the region of electrical firing is similar to the Arnold’ tongue-like structure, and the Arnold’ tongue originates from the nonlinear variation of temperature with the increasing of threshold external current. The effects of temperature and electromagnetic induction on neuronic electrical activity are respectively discussed by using numerical simulations. Our results provide new insights into the roles of temperature in the improved HH neuron model, the existence of Arnold’ tongue-like structure might give some insights for the treatment of neurological diseases such as the epilepsia.     

Model of self-oscillations in a neuron generator under the action of an active medium

Mechanisms of generation of self-oscillations in a mathematical model of a neuron embedded in an active medium have been analyzed. The processes of generation of pulsed electric activity are mediated by ionic currents through the cell membrane of the neuron, which can in turn be controlled by neuroactive substances distributed in the extracellular space. Bifurcation mechanisms of the generation and destruction of self-oscillations, as well as their characteristics, have been studied within a neuron generator model developed on the basis of neurobiological experiments.     

The dynamics of a memristor-based Rulkov neuron with fractional-order difference

The exploration of the memristor model in the discrete domain is a fascinating hotspot. The electromagnetic induction on neurons has also begun to be simulated by some discrete memristors. However, most of the current investigations are based on the integer-order discrete memristor, and there are relatively few studies on the form of fractional order. In this paper, a new fractional-order discrete memristor model with prominent nonlinearity is constructed based on the Caputo fractional-order difference operator. Furthermore, the dynamical behaviors of the Rulkov neuron under electromagnetic radiation are simulated by introducing the proposed discrete memristor. The integer-order and fractional-order peculiarities of the system are analyzed through the bifurcation graph, the Lyapunov exponential spectrum, and the iterative graph. The results demonstrate that the fractional-order system has more abundant dynamics than the integer one, such as hyper-chaos, multi-stable and transient chaos. In addition, the complexity of the system in the fractional form is evaluated by the means of the spectral entropy complexity algorithm and consequences show that it is affected by the order of the fractional system. The feature of fractional difference lays the foundation for further research and application of the discrete memristor and the neuron map in the future.     

Route to hyperchaos and chimera states in a network of modified Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model with electromagnetic flux and external excitation

Analyzing the chaos and bursting phenomenon of neurons has been of interest in the past decade. In this paper, we discuss an extended Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model by taking into consideration the slowly interacting cell phenomenon due to the calcium ions. In the extended model, we consider the effect of an external forcing current, and the electromagnetic coupling between the magnetic flux and the membrane potential of the neuron. We analyze the modified neuron model in the presence of periodic and quasi-periodic excitations. A more complex chaotic behavior (hyperchaos) is identified in the neuron model. The results also demonstrate the multistable nature, which was not explored earlier. To discuss the dynamical behavior of the modified neuron in a network, we construct a ring network of neurons and capture the spatiotemporal patterns of the neuron in the network, in the presence of different excitations.

     

A physical model for the stress-induced electromagnetic effect in metals

Observations of the fracture-induced electromagnetic effect in metals have recently been reported by the author. This paper presents a physical model for explaining this new effect. The reasoning attributes the observed electromagnetic effect to dislocationelectron interactions in a metal. The frequency of the emitted radiation has been calculated from Bohr's correspondence principle and potential on the basis of Hertzian dipole radiation. The proposed physical model predicts emission of electromagnetic waves at distinct transition stages of elastic-plastic deformations. The paper also presents some of the experimental results, being obtained by the author, which confirm the practicability of this approach.     

A photonic scheme for the generation of dual linear chirp microwave waveform based on the external modulation technique and its airborne application

Due to high frequency and large time bandwidth product; photonic generation and processing of arbitrary microwave waveforms has been an interesting topic in recent time. Here, a relatively new photonic technique has been proposed for the generation of a dual linear chirp microwave waveform in Ku-band. In this method two single drive Mach–Zehnder Modulators are cascaded at minimum transmission point and in push–pull mode. Theoretical analysis and simulation are developed by giving a complete mathematical model. As the result of this methodology, a dual linear chirp microwave waveform in Ku-band with relatively large bandwidth is generated. Comparative analysis is done in the present cascading technique with dual parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator (DPMZM) technique. Range-Doppler coupling of the radar system has been investigated with the help of an ambiguity function diagram of the generated waveform. Results have analyzed through MATLAB simulation and verified by experimental results.     

Estimation of network structures only from spike sequences

A neuron, the fundamental element of neural systems, interacts with other neurons, often producing very complicated behavior. To analyze, model, or predict such complicated behavior, it is important to understand how neurons are connected as well as how they behave. In this paper, we propose two measures, the spike time metric coefficient and the partial spike time metric coefficient, to estimate the network structure, that is, the topological connectivity between neurons. The proposed measures are based on the spike time metric and partialization analysis. To check the validity, we applied the proposed measures to asynchronous spike sequences that are produced by a mathematical neural network model. It was found that the proposed measure has high performance for estimating the network structures even though the structures have a complex topology such as a small-world structure or a scale-free structure.     

C-ADS超导轮辐腔Spoke021的电磁设计与优化

为满足C-ADS项目建设对超导轮辐腔Spoke021的需求,对Spoke021进行了详细的电磁参数优化。对Spoke021的参数化模型进行参数扫描,针对腔体的关键电磁特征量寻找可能存在的极值,详细分析、解释了优化过程中各个参数发生变化的物理意义。在Spoke021各参数达到最终优化值时,表征腔体性能的两个关键比值分别为:E_p/E_(acc)=3.14,Bp/E_(aCC)=4.77 mT/(MV/m)。考虑到次级电子倍增(Multipacting,MP)对Spoke021运行中所能达到的性能指标有很重要影响,对腔体的MP进行了建模分析。结果表明,当Spoke021工作在E_(acc)=10 MV/m情况下,没有发生MP,优化得到的参数可以满足Spoke021工程设计的需要;最后计算了腔体的TTF曲线,表明该腔体具有较宽的速度接受度。     

Dynamical response of a neuron–astrocyte coupling system under electromagnetic induction and external stimulation

Previous studies have observed that electromagnetic induction can seriously affect the electrophysiological activity of the nervous system. Considering the role of astrocytes in regulating neural firing, we studied a simple neuron–astrocyte coupled system under electromagnetic induction in response to different types of external stimulation. Both the duration and intensity of the external stimulus can induce different modes of electrical activity in this system, and thus the neuronal firing patterns can be subtly controlled. When the external stimulation ceases, the neuron will continue to fire for a long time and then reset to its resting state. In this study, "delay" is defined as the delayed time from the firing state to the resting state, and it is highly sensitive to changes in the duration or intensity of the external stimulus. Meanwhile, the self-similarity embodied in the aforementioned sensitivity can be quantified by fractal dimension. Moreover, a hysteresis loop of calcium activity in the astrocyte is observed in the specific interval of the external stimulus when the stimulus duration is extended to infinity, since astrocytic calcium or neuron electrical activity in the resting state or during periodic oscillation depends on the initial state. Finally, the regulating effect of electromagnetic induction in this system is considered. It is clarified that the occurrence of "delay" depends purely on the existence of electromagnetic induction. This model can reveal the dynamic characteristics of the neuron–astrocyte coupling system with magnetic induction under external stimulation. These results can provide some insights into the effects of electromagnetic induction and stimulation on neuronal activity.     

Generalized Hyperbolic Octonion Formulation for the Fields of Massive Dyons and Gravito-Dyons

The close analogy between electromagnetic theory and linear gravity is discussed by the hyperbolic (split) octonion formalism. Using the similarities between the relevant field equations of massive dyons in electromagnetic theory and gravito-dyons in linear gravity, a new mathematical model is proposed to formulate these fields in a compact and simple form. The generalized wave equation including both massive dyon and monopole terms is derived. Similarly, the most generalized form of hyperbolic octonionic Klein–Gordon equation is obtained for the hypothetical particle carrying simultaneously both electromagnetic and gravitational charges (masses).     

经颅磁刺激感应外电场作用下最小神经元模型放电起始动态机理分析

经颅磁刺激(TMS)是一种采用电磁线圈在大脑指定区域产生磁场的刺激方式. TMS的治疗原理是通过电磁感应产生作用于神经元的外加电场进而影响神经元编码. 然而目前TMS感应外电场改变神经元编码的内在机理尚不清楚.研究表明, 神经元编码由神经元的放电起始动态机理决定. 本文建立了TMS感应外电场作用下的最小神经元模型, 采用相平面分析和分岔分析方法, 研究了外电场作用下神经元放电起始动态的动力学机理, 并从阈下电位的不同动力学特性离子电流竞争角度揭示了TMS感应外电 场作用下神经元放电起始动态的生理学机理.     

Continuous non-autonomous memristive Rulkov model with extreme multistability

Based on the two-dimensional (2D) discrete Rulkov model that is used to describe neuron dynamics, this paper presents a continuous non-autonomous memristive Rulkov model. The effects of electromagnetic induction and external stimulus are simultaneously considered herein. The electromagnetic induction flow is imitated by the generated current from a flux-controlled memristor and the external stimulus is injected using a sinusoidal current. Thus, the presented model possesses a line equilibrium set evolving over the time. The equilibrium set and their stability distributions are numerically simulated and qualitatively analyzed. Afterwards, numerical simulations are executed to explore the dynamical behaviors associated to the electromagnetic induction, external stimulus, and initial conditions. Interestingly, the initial conditions dependent extreme multistability is elaborately disclosed in the continuous non-autonomous memristive Rulkov model. Furthermore, an analog circuit of the proposed model is implemented, upon which the hardware experiment is executed to verify the numerically simulated extreme multistability. The extreme multistability is numerically revealed and experimentally confirmed in this paper, which can widen the future engineering employment of the Rulkov model.     

基于麦克斯韦电磁场理论的神经元动力学响应与隐藏放电控制

钙、钾、钠等离子在细胞内连续泵送和传输时产生的时变电场不仅会影响神经元的放电活动,而且会诱导时变磁场去进一步调节细胞内离子的传播.根据麦克斯韦电磁场理论,时变的电场和磁场在细胞内外的电生理环境中会相互激发而产生电磁场.为了探究电磁场影响下的神经元放电节律转迁,本文在三维Hindmarsh-Rose(HR)神经元模型的基...     

Modeling and dynamics of double Hindmarsh-Rose neuron with memristor-based magnetic coupling and time delay

The firing of a neuron model is mainly affected by the following factors:the magnetic field, external forcing current, time delay, etc. In this paper, a new time-delayed electromagnetic field coupled dual Hindmarsh-Rose neuron network model is constructed. A magnetically controlled threshold memristor is improved to represent the self-connected and the coupled magnetic fields triggered by the dynamic change of neuronal membrane potential for the adjacent neurons. Numerical simulation confirms that the coupled magnetic field can activate resting neurons to generate rich firing patterns, such as spiking firings, bursting firings, and chaotic firings, and enable neurons to generate larger firing amplitudes. The study also found that the strength of magnetic coupling in the neural network also affects the number of peaks in the discharge of bursting firing. Based on the existing medical treatment background of mental illness, the effects of time lag in the coupling process against neuron firing are studied. The results confirm that the neurons can respond well to external stimuli and coupled magnetic field with appropriate time delay, and keep periodic firing under a wide range of external forcing current.     

On electromagnetic properties of rotating nuclei in crpa

An analysis of quasiparticle correlations with special emphasis on transition matrix elements have been done for a self-consistent cranking model. It is pointed out that a second order of the boson representation of a transition operator leads to a signature dependence of transition probabilities between excited one-phonon states in even-even nuclei. Moreover, it brings about the new contribution to an expectation value of electromagnetic moments in the yrast line states of deformed nuclei.     

Design of a superconducting low beta niobium resonator

The proposed high current injector for the superconducting Linac at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre will have several accelerating structures, including a superconducting module which will contain low beta niobium resonators. A prototype resonator for the low beta module has been designed. The resonator has been carefully modelled to optimize the electromagnetic parameters. In order to validate them, a room-temperature copper model has been built and tested. In this paper we present details of the electromagnetic design of the low beta resonator, briefly discuss the mechanical and engineering design, and present results from the measurements on the room-temperature copper model.     

On classical and quantum relativistic dynamics

A canonical formalism for the relativistic classical mechanics of many particles is proposed. The evolution equations for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field are obtained and the relativistic two-body problem with an invariant interaction is treated. Along the same line a quantum formalism for the spinless relativistic particle is obtained by means of imprimitivity systems according to Mackey theory. A quantum formalism for the spin-1/2 particle is constructed and a new definition of spin1/2 in relativity is proposed. An evolution equation for the spin-1/2 particle in an external electromagnetic field is given. The Bargmann Michel, and Telegdi equation follows from this formalism as a quasiclassical approximation. Finally, a new relativistic model for hydrogenlike atoms is proposed. The spectrum predicted is in agreement with Dirac's when radiative corrections have been added.