Temperature Effects of Electric Field on the First Excited State of Strong Coupling Polaron in a CsI Quantum Pseudodot

Employing variational method of Pekar type(VMPT), this paper investigates the first-excited state energy(FESE), excitation energy and transition frequency of the strongly-coupled polaron in the Cs I quantum pseudodot(QPD)with electric field. The temperature effects on the strong-coupling polaron in electric field are calculated by using the quantum statistical theory(QST). The results from the present investigation show that the FESE, excitation energy and transition frequency increase(decrease) firstly and then at lower(higher) temperature regions. They are decreasing functions of the electric field strength.     

有限深抛物势量子盘中极化子的激发态性质

量子点作为一种重要的低维纳米结构, 近年来在单光子光源和新型量子点单光子探测器的研究引起了人们的广泛关注, 对各种势阱中量子点性质的研究已取得了重要成果. 但是大多理论研究都局限于无限深势阱, 而有限深势阱更具有实际意义. 利用平面波展开、幺正变换和变分相结合的方法研究了有限深势阱中极化子激发态能量及激发能随势阱形状和量子盘大小的变化规律. 数值计算结果表明: 极化子的激发态能量、激发能随势垒高度或宽度的增大而增大, 原因是势垒愈高、愈宽, 电子穿透势垒的可能性愈小, 电子在阱内运动的可能性愈大, 进而导致极化子的激发态能量和激发能均随势垒高度和宽度的增大而增大; 极化子的激发态能量和激发能随量子盘半径的增大而减小, 表明量子盘具有显著的量子尺寸效应; 极化子的激发态能量随有效受限长度的增加而减小, 原因是有效受限长度愈大, 有效受限强度愈小, 电子受到的束缚愈弱、振动愈慢、势能愈小, 进而导致基态能量、激发态能量减小; 同时由于激发态能量较基态能量减小慢, 使得激发能随之增加. 研究结果对量子点的应用具有一定的理论指导意义.     

电场中非对称高斯势量子点内极化子量子跃迁的厚度效应

计及量子点厚度下,分别选取抛物势和高斯势描写盘型量子点中电子的横向束缚势和纵向束缚势,采用Pekar类型变分法推导出量子点中极化子的基态和第一激发态能量本征值和本征函数,以此为基础,构造了一个二能级结构,并基于二能级体系理论,讨论了极化子在外电场作用下的量子跃迁问题。结果表明,高斯束缚势比抛物束缚势更能精准反映量子点中真实的束缚势;量子点的厚度对极化子的跃迁几率Q所带来的影响有趣且有实际意义,不可忽略;电声耦合强度α、电场强度F、非对称高斯势的势垒高度V₀和束缚范围L等对极化子的基态与第一激发态能量以及量子跃迁的影响显著;本文的结果有助于探讨利用这些物理量来调控量子点的输运特性和光学性质的途径和方法。     

Temperature effect on qubit in RbCl quantum rod

We change the ellipsoidal boundary in a quantum rod (QR) into a spherical one by a coordinate transformation, and then study the influences of the ellipsoid aspect ratio and polaron radius on the probability density (PD) and oscillation period (OP) of an electron with the variational method of Pekar type (VMPT). By employing the quantum statistics theory (QST), we investigate the temperature effects on the PD and the OP. Numerical results denote that the electron probability density and the oscillation period increase (decay) with raising temperature in lower (higher) temperature regime. The electron probability density increases (decreases) with increasing ellipsoid aspect ratio when the temperature is in lower (higher) regime. The electron probability density decays (enhances) with increasing polaron radius when the temperature is in lower (higher) temperature regime. The oscillation period is an increasing function of the ellipsoid aspect ratio, whereas it is a decreasing one of the polaron radius.     

Bound polaron in a spherical quantum dot under an electric field

A variational approach is used to study the ground state of a bound polaron in a spherical quantum dot under an external electric field. The binding energy of the hydrogenic impurity state is calculated by taking the interaction of an electron with both the confined longitudinal optical phonons and the surface optical phonons into account. The interaction between impurity and longitudinal optical phonons has also been considered to obtain the binding energy of a bound polaron. It shows that the polaron effects give significant corrections to the binding energy and its Stark energy shift. The external electric field increases the phonon contributions to the binding energy.     

Polaronic effects in a polar semiconductor quantum strip with transverse parabolic confinement

The effect of electron–phonon interaction on the ground and excited state energies of an electron in a polar quantum strip is studied by using a variational method. It is shown that polaronic effects are quite significant and also size-dependent if the effective width of the strip is reduced below a certain value. It is also shown that the longitudinal polaron effective mass is substantially renormalized even by the transverse confinement in a quantum strip.     

纤锌矿In_(0.19)Ga_(0.81)N/GaN量子阱中光学声子和内建电场对束缚极化子结合能的影响

用改进的Lee-Low-Pines变分方法研究纤锌矿In0.19Ga0.81N/GaN量子阱结构中束缚极化子能量和结合能等问题,给出基态结合能、不同支长波光学声子对能量和结合能的贡献随阱宽和杂质中心位置变化的数值结果.在数值计算中包括了该体系中声子频率的各向异性和内建电场对能量和结合能的影响、以及电子和杂质中心与长波光学声子的相互作用.研究结果表明,In0.19Ga0.81N/GaN量子阱材料中光学声子和内建电场对束缚极化子能量和结合能的贡献很大,它们都引起能量和结合能降低.结合能随着阱宽的增大而单调减小,窄阱中减小的速度快,而宽阱中减小的速度慢.不同支声子对能量和结合能的贡献随着阱宽的变化规律不同.没有内建电场时,窄阱中,定域声子贡献小于界面和半空间声子贡献,而宽阱中,定域声子贡献大于界面和半空间声子贡献.有内建电场时,定域声子贡献变小,而界面和半空间声子贡献变大,声子总贡献也有明显变化.在In0.19Ga0.81N/GaN量子阱中,光学声子对束缚极化子能量和结合能的贡献比GaAs/Al0.19Ga0.81As量子阱中的相应贡献(约3.2—1.8和1.6—0.3 meV)约大一个数量级.阱宽(d=8 nm)不变时,在In0.19Ga0.81N/GaN量子阱中结合能随着杂质中心位置Z0的变大而减小,并减小的速度变快.随着Z0的增大,界面和半空间光学声子对结合能的贡献缓慢减小,而定域光学声子的贡献缓慢增大.     

量子点中束缚极化子性质的温度依赖性

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换方法研究抛物量子点中弱耦合束缚极化子性质的温度依赖性,导出了弱耦合束缚极化子的振动频率、基态能量和声子平均数随温度的变化关系。取ZnS晶体为例进行数值计算,结果表明:量子点中弱耦合束缚极化子的振动频率、基态能量和声子平均数随温度的升高而增大。     

Electric-field-induced energy spectra and dispersions of ZnO/MgxZn1−xO MQWs

The energy spectra and dispersion relations of carriers in the presence of an electric field applied along the growth direction in ZnO/Mg_xZn_1−xO multiple quantum wells (MQW) are calculated using the asymptotic transfer method (ATM) on the basis of the quasistationary state approximation. The energy spectra of the carriers induce some quasi-bound levels under electric fields. The dispersion relations for the energy of the ground state and lower excitation states still have parabolic shapes for both the electrons and the heavy holes in the presence of a moderate electric field. Our results also reveal that the number of energy levels increases with increasing number of ZnO quantum wells and that the energies increase with both increasing Mg composition x and electric field strength.     

量子点中强耦合极化子的性质

采用Pekar类型的变分方法研究了抛物量子点中强耦合极化子的基态和激发态的性质。计算了基态和激发态极化子的结合能、光学声子平均数和极化子的共振频率。讨论了这些量对有效限制强度和电子 体纵光学声子耦合强度的依赖关系。结果表明:抛物量子点中极化子的共振频率、基态和激发态极化子的结合能以及光学声子平均数都随量子点的有效束缚强度的增大而减小。光学声子平均数随电子 体纵光学声子耦合强度的增加而增大。     

Electronic states in a Pöschl–Teller-like quantum well: Combined effects of electric field, hydrostatic pressure, and temperature

The work is devoted to present a theoretical study of the influences of external probes, such as applied electric field and hydrostatic pressure, on the electron and hole states in a Pöschl–Teller quantum well. The calculations have been done in the framework of the variational method. The dependence of the ground state energy of an electron and/or hole confined in the quantum well has been obtained as a function of the applied electric field and hydrostatic pressure. Different values of the asymmetry parameters of the Pöschl–Teller potential as well as temperature have been considered. It is shown that as a result of the increase in the electric field there is an augment of the ground state energy, and also that by increasing the quantum well width the effects of applied electric field are strengthened. It is obtained from the calculations that the ground state energy is a decreasing (increasing) function of the hydrostatic pressure (temperature). It is found that in the high pressure regime the energy grows with pressure, which is a previously unknown result. In the case of holes, the energy is always an increasing function both of the pressure and the temperature. Besides, the behavior of the photoluminescence peak energies associated to transitions between the ground states of electrons and heavy holes in the system is also reported.     

Temperature and hydrogen-like impurity effects on the excited state of the strong coupling bound polaron in a CsI quantum pseudodot

With hydrogen-like impurity(HLI) located in the center of Cs I quantum pseudodot(QPD) and by using the variational method of Pekar type(VMPT), we investigate the first-excited state energy(FESE), excitation energy and transition frequency of the strongly-coupled bound polaron in the present paper. Temperature effects on bound polaron properties are calculated by employing the quantum statistical theory(QST). According to the present work's numerical results, the FESE, excitation energy and transition frequency decay(amplify) with raising temperature in the regime of lower(higher)temperature. They are decreasing functions of Coulomb impurity potential strength.     

Lateral electric field effects on quantum size confinement in cylindrical quantum dot under parabolic potential

Within the effective mass approximation, we investigated theoretically the ground-state energy of a single particle and the binding energy of the neutral donor impurity (D⁰) affected by a lateral electric field in a parabolic quantum dot (QD). The results show that the electron and the hole ground-state energy and the band to band transition energies shift to lower values (red shift) by increasing the field intensity. The quantum Stark shift (QSS) for the electron increases rapidly in the quasi spherical QD (QSQD) by increasing the lateral field, whereas for the hole it increases monotony. In the cylindrical QDs (CQDs), we found that the QSS for electron and hole increase monotonically. The quantum size, lateral electric field and impurity position effect on the binding energy of neutral donor (D⁰) is studied. Unexpected behavior of D⁰ in quantum well limit (QW), the binding energy of D⁰ is increasing (blue shift) with increasing QD radius R$R$ at the presence of a lateral electric field. It appears that for a fixed size of the QD, the off-center binding energy decreases when the impurity ion is displaced from the center to the QD borders, while it is shifted to lower energy with increasing the field.     

声子和磁场对量子环中极化子性质的影响

采用求解能量本征方程、幺正变换和变分相结合的方法,研究声子和磁场对量子环中极化子性质的影响. 对KBr量子环的数值计算表明,电子或极化子的基态能量随量子环频率(或平均半径)的增大而增大,极化子基态能移随量子环频率的增大(或平均半径的减小)而减小,极化子中的平均声子数随量子环频率的增大(或平均半径的减小)而增大. 当有垂直磁场时,极化子基态能量和基态能移与外磁场及电子转动状态有关. 随着磁场强度的增大,基态能量出现简并且呈现非周期性振荡;能移随磁场强度的增大(或转动量子数绝对值的减小)而减小.     

Polaron effects on the binding energy of a double donor impurity in quantum wells in an electric field

The binding energy of the single and double bound polaron bound to a helium-type donor impurity in quantum wells (QWs) subject to a perpendicular electric field are calculated by a variational method. The couplings of an electron and the impurity with various phonon modes are considered. The results show that the cumulative effects of the electron–phonon coupling and the impurity–phonon coupling can contribute appreciably to the binding energy for the single bound polaron but only in some severe conditions for the double bound polaron. They also show that the binding energy is sensitive to the electric field strength. The comparison between the binding energies in the case of the impurity placed at the quantum well center and at the quantum well edge is also given.     

Electron–phonon effect on the ground-state binding energy of hydrogenic impurity in quantum-well wire in presence of an electric field

The hydrogenic impurity binding energy in rectangular quantum well wire including both barriers of finite height and an applied electric field are studied. The polaron effects on the ground-state binding energy in electric field are investigated by means of Landau-Pekar variation technique. The results for the binding energy as well as polaronic correction are obtained as a function of the size of the wire, the applied electric field and the position of the impurity. Our calculations are compared with previous results in quantum wires of comparable dimensions.     

Magnetic field effect on state energies and transition frequency of a strong-coupling polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot

By employing a variational method of the Pekar-type, which has different variational parameters in the x–y plane and the z-direction, we study the ground and the first excited state energies and transition frequency between the ground and the first excited states of a strong-coupling polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot (AQD) under an applied magnetic field along the z-direction. The effects of the magnetic field and the electron–phonon coupling strength are taken into account. It is found that the ground and the first excited state energies and the transition frequency are increasing functions of the external applied magnetic field. The ground state and the first excited state energies are decreasing functions, whereas transition frequency is an increasing function of the electron–phonon coupling strength. We find two ways of tuning the state energies and the transition frequency: by adjusting (1) the magnetic field and (2) the electron–phonon coupling strength.     

抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子的有效质量和光学声子平均数

讨论电子与体纵光学(LO)声子弱耦合时对抛物量子线中极化子性质的影响.采用Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法、Lagrange乘子和变分法,导出了抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子的有效质量和光学声子平均数随拉格朗日乘子变化的规律及极化子振动频率随量子线约束强度的变化规律.并以ZnS量子线为例进行了数值计算,结果表明:抛物量子线中弱耦合极化子的有效质量m^*和光学声子平均数N随着拉格朗日乘子u的增加而增大;该结论与体材料中结论基本一致,但量子线中的效应比体材料更明显,表明量子线对电子约束的增强,使极化子效应更明显.同时,极化子振动频率λ随约束强度ω₀的增强而增大.     

Influence of electron-electron scattering on the luminescence quantum efficiency in solid argon

The quantum efficiency of the intrinsic luminescence of solid Ar has been investigated for excitation energies between 15 and 55 eV. The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency yields a stepwise increase with increasing excitation energies. The threshold energies for the steps closely correspond to the sum of the gap energy and multiples of the energy of the n = 1 exciton. The results are discussed in the framework of electron-electron scattering and give evidence that excitation of free electronic polaron complexes occurs in solid rare gases at higher excitation energies.     

无限深量子阱中强耦合极化子的基态结合能

研究了无限深量子阱中极化子的基态性质,采用线性组合算符和变分相结合的方法导出了强耦合极化子的振动频率λ、基态能量E₀和基态结合能E_b,讨论了阱宽L和电子-LO声子耦合强度α对强耦合极化子的振动频率λ、基态能量E₀和基态结合能E_b的影响。通过数值计算,结果表明:强耦合极化子的振动频率和基态结合能随阱宽L的增大而减小,随电子-LO声子耦合强度α的增强而增大;基态能量随阱宽L的增大而减小,其绝对值随电子-LO声子耦合强度α的增强而增大;当量子阱阱宽L趋近于无限大和无限小两种极限情况下,分别与三维和二维极化子的结果相一致。